高考~大纲-英语 73页

|高考大纲英语\n|目录考核目标与要求3附录1语音项目表5附录2语法项目表6附录3功能意念项目表9附录4话题项目表12附录5词汇表13\n|考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5），要求词汇量为3500左右。二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；\n|（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。\n|附录1语音项目表1.基本读音(1)26个字母的读音(2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5)常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6)辅音字母组合的读音(7)辅音连缀的读音(8)成节音的读音2.重音(1)单词重音(2)句子重音3.读音的变化(1)连读(2)失去爆破(3)弱读(4)同化4.语调与节奏(1)意群与停顿(2)语调(3)节奏5.语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6.朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7.主要英语国家的英语语音差异\n|附录2语法项目表1.名词(1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词(4)名词所有格2.代词(1)人称代词(2)物主代词(3)反身代词(4)指示代词(5)不定代词(6)疑问代词3.数词(1)基数词(2)序数词4.介词和介词短语5.连词6.形容词(比较级和最高级)7.副词(比较级和最高级)8.冠词9.动词(1)动词的基本形式(2)系动词(3)及物动词和不及物动词(4)助动词(5)情态动词10.时态(1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时\n|(1)一般将来时(2)现在进行时(3)过去进行时(4)过去将来时(5)将来进行时(6)现在完成时(7)过去完成时(8)现在完成进行时1.被动语态2.非谓语动词(1)动词不定式(2)动词的-ing形式(3)动词的-ed形式3.构词法(1)合成法(2)派生法(3)转化法(4)缩写和简写4.句子种类(1)陈述句(2)疑问句(3)祈使句(4)感叹句5.句子成分(1)主语(2)谓语(3)表语(4)宾语(5)定语(6)状语(7)补语\n|1.简单句的基本句型2.主谓一致3.并列复合句4.主从复合句(1)宾语从句(2)状语从句(3)定语从句(4)主语从句(5)表语从句5.间接引语6.省略7.倒装8.强调9.虚拟语气\n|附录3功能意念项目表1.社会交往(SocialCommunications)(1)问候(Greetings)(2)介绍(Introduction)(3)告别(Farewells)(4)感谢(Thanks)(5)道歉(Apologies)(6)邀请(Invitation)(7)请求允许(Askingforpermission)(8)祝愿和祝贺(Expressingwishesandcongratulations)(9)提供帮助(Offeringhelp)(10)接受和拒绝(Acceptanceandrefusal)(11)约会(Makingappointments)(12)打电话(Makingtelephonecalls)(13)就餐(Havingmeals)(14)就医(Seeingthedoctor)(15)购物(Shopping)(16)问路(Askingtheway)(17)谈论天气(Talkingaboutweather)(18)语言交际困难(Languagedifficultiesincommunication)(19)提醒注意(Reminding)(20)警告和禁止(Warningandprohibition)(21)劝告(Advice)(22)建议(Suggestions)2.态度(Attitudes)(23)同意和不同意(Agreementanddisagreement)(24)喜欢和不喜欢(Likesanddislikes)(25)肯定和不肯定(Certaintyanduncertainty)(26)可能和不可能(Possibilityandimpossibility)(27)能够和不能够(Abilityandinability)\n|(1)偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(2)意愿和打算(Intentionsandplans)(3)希望和愿望(Hopesandwishes)(4)表扬和鼓励(Praiseandencouragement)(5)责备和抱怨(Blameandcomplaint)(6)冷淡(Indifference)(7)判断与评价(Judgementandevaluation)1.情感(Emotions)(8)高兴(Happiness)(9)惊奇(Surprise)(10)忧虑(Worries)(11)安慰(Reassurance)(12)满意(Satisfaction)(13)遗憾(Regret)(14)同情(Sympathy)(15)恐惧(Fear)(16)愤怒(Anger)2.时间(Time)(17)时刻(Pointoftime)(18)时段(Duration)(19)频度(Frequency)(20)时序(Sequence)3.空间(Space)(21)位置(Position)(22)方向(Direction)(23)距离(Distance)4.存在(Existence)(24)存在与不存在(ExistenceandNon-existence)5.特征(Features)(25)形状(Shape)(26)颜色(Colour)\n|(1)材料(Material)(2)价格(Price)(3)规格(Size)(4)年龄(Age)1.计量(Measurement)(5)长度(Length)(6)宽度(Width)(7)高度(Height)(8)数量(Number)2.比较(Comparison)(9)同级比较(Equalcomparison)(10)差别比较(Comparativeandsuperlative)(11)相似和差别(Similarityanddifference)3.逻辑关系(Logicalrelations)(12)原因和结果(Causeandeffect)(13)目的(Purpose)4.职业(Occupations)(14)工作(Jobs)(15)单位(Employer)\n|附录4话题项目表1.个人情况(Personalinformation)2.家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family,friendsandpeoplearound)3.周围的环境(Personalenvironments)4.日常活动(Dailyroutines)5.学校生活(Schoollife)6.兴趣与爱好(Interestsandhobbies)7.个人感情(Emotions)8.人际关系(Interpersonalrelationships)9.计划与愿望(Plansandintentions)10.节假日活动(Festivals,holidaysandcelebrations)11.购物(Shopping)12.饮食(Foodanddrink)13.健康(Health)14.天气(Weather)15.文娱与体育(Entertainmentandsports)16.旅游和交通(Travelandtransport)17.语言学习(Languagelearning)18.自然(Nature)19.世界与环境(Theworldandtheenvironment)20.科普知识与现代技术(Popularscienceandmoderntechnology)21.热点话题(Topicalissues)22.历史与地理(Historyandgeography)23.社会(Society)24.文学与艺术(Literatureandart)\n|附录5词汇表|Aa(an)artabandonvabilitynableaabnormalaaboardprepabolishvabortionnaboutad&prepaboveprep,a&adabroadadabruptaabsencenabsentaabsoluteaabsorbvabstracta&nabsurdaabundantaabusevacademica&nacademynacceleratevaccentnacceptvaccessn&vaccessibleaaccidentnaccommodationnaccompanyvaccomplishvaccountnaccountantnaccumulatevaccuracynaccurateaaccusevaccustomedaachev&nachievevachievementnacidaacknowledgevacquaintancenacquirevacquisitionnacrenacrossprepactn&vactionnactiveaactivitynactornactressnactualaacuteaADabbr\n|ad=advertisementnadaptvadaptationnaddvaddictedaadditionnaddressnadequateaadjustvadjustmentnadministrationnadmirableaadmirevadmissionnadmitvadolescencenadolescenta&nadoptvadorevadultnadvancev&nadvantagenadventurenadvertisevadvertisementnadvicenadvisevadvocatevaffairnaffectvaffectionnaffordvafraidaAfricanAfricana&nafterad,prep&conjafternoonnafterward(s)adagainadagainstprepagenagencynagendanagentnaggressiveaagoadagreevagreementnagriculturalaagriculturenaheadadaidn&vAIDSnaimn&vairnaircraftnairlinenairmailnairplanenairportnairspacenalarmn&v\n|albumnalcoholnalcoholica&nalgebranalikeadaliveaallad,a&pronallergicaalleynallocatevallowvallowancenalmostadaloneaalongad&prepalongsideadaloudadalphabetnalreadyadalsoadalternativeaalthoughconjaltitudenaltogetheradaluminium(Amaluminum)nalwaysadamv(be)a.m./am,A.M./AMabbramateuraamazevamazingaambassadornambassadressnambiguousaambitionnambulancenAmericanamongprepamountn&vampleaamusevamusementnanalysevanalysisnancestornanchorv&nancientaandconjanecdotenangernanglenangryaanimalnanklenanniversarynannouncevannoyvannualaanothera&pronanswern&vantn\n|Antarcticaantiquenanxietynanxiousaanypron&aanybodypronanyhowadanyonepronanythingpronanywayadanywhereadapartad&aapartmentnapologizevapologynapparentaappealv&nappearvappearancenappendixnappetitenapplaudv&napplenapplicantnapplicationnapplyvappointvappointmentnappreciatevappreciationnapproachn&vappropriateaapprovalnapprovevapproximatelyadapronnarbitraryaarchnarchitectnarchitecturenArcticaarev(be)areanarguevargumentnarise(arose,arisen)varithmeticnarmn&varmchairnarmynaroundad&preparrangevarrangementnarrestvarrivalnarrivevarrownartnarticlenartificialaartistnasad,conj&prep\n|ashnashamedaAsianAsiana&nasideadaskvasleepaaspectnassessvassessmentnassistvassistancenassistantnassociatevassociationnassumevassumptionnastonishvastronautnastronomernastronomynatprepathletenathleticaAtlanticaatmospherenatomnattachvattackv&nattainvattemptv&nattendvattentionnattitudenattractvattractionnattractiveaaudiencenauntnauthenticaauthornauthoritynautomaticaautonomousaautumnnavailableaavenuenaveragea&navoidvawake(awoke,awoken)v&aawardnawareaawayadawesomeaawfulaawkwardaBbabynbachelornbackad,a&nbackgroundn\n|backward(s)adbasinnbaconnbasisnbacterium(plbacteria)nbasketnbad(worse,worst)abasketballnbadmintonnbatnbagnbathnbaggagenbathevbakerynbathroomnbalancenbathtubnbalconynbatterynballnbattlenballetnbaynballoonnBCabbrbamboonbe(am,is,are,was,bann&vwere,being,been)vbanananbeachnbandnbeannbandagenbanknbarnbeancurdnbear1nbear2vbarbecuenbeardnbarbernbeastnbarbershopnbeat(beat,beaten)v&nbareabeautifula|bargainn&vbarkv&nbarriernbasenbaseballnbasementnbasicabeautynbecauseconjbecome(became,become)vbednbeddingsnbedroomnbeen\n|beefnbeernbeforeprep,ad&conjbegvbegin(began,begun)vbehalfnbehavevbehaviour(Ambehavior)nbehindprep&adbeingnbeliefnbelievevbellnbellynbelongvbelowprepbeltnbenchnbend(bent,bent)vbeneathprepbeneficialabenefitn&vbenta&nbesideprepbesidesprep&adbetrayvbetweenprepbeyondprepbicyclenbidv&nbigabike=bicyclenbillnbingonbiochemistrynbiographynbiologynbirdnbirthnbirthdaynbirthplacenbiscuitnbishopnbitnbite(bit,bitten)vbitterablacka&nblackboardnblamen&vblankn&ablanketnbleedvblessvblindablockn&vbloodnblousenblow(blew,blown)vbluen&aboardn&vboatnbodyn\n|boilvbombn&vbondn&vbonenbonusnbookn&vboomn&vbootnboothnbordernboredaboringabornaborrowvbossnbotanicalabotanynbotha&pronbothervbottlenbottomnbouncevboundaboundarynbowv&nbowlnbowlingnboxnboxingnboynboycottvbrainnbraken&vbranchnbrandnbraveabraverynbreadnbreak(broke,broken)v&nbreakfastnbreakthroughnbreastnbreathnbreathevbreathlessabrewerynbricknbridenbridegroomnbridgenbriefabrightabrilliantabring(brought,brought)vbroadabroadcast(broadcast,broadcast或-ed,-ed)vbrochurenbrokenabroomnbrothernbrownn&a\n|brunchnbrushv&nBuddhismnbudgetnbuffetnbuild(built,built)vbuildingnbunchnbungalownburdennbureaucraticaburglarnburn(burnt,burnt或-ed,-ed)v&nburstvburyvbusnbushnbusinessnbusinessman/woman(plbusinessmen/women)nbusyabutconj&prepbutchern&vbutternbutterflynbuttonn&vbuy(bought,bought)vbyprepbyeintCcabncabbagencafencafeteriancagencakencalculatevcalln&vcalma&vcamelncamerancampn&vcampaignncan1(could);can’t=cannotmodalvcan2ncanalncancelvcancerncandidatencandlencandyncanteenncapncapitalncapsulencaptainncaptionncarncarbonn\n|cardncaren&vcarefulacarelessacarpenterncarpetncarriagencarrierncarrotncarryvcartoonncarvevcasencashn&vcassettencast(cast,cast)vcastlencasualacatncataloguencatastrophencatch(caught,caught)vcategoryncatervCatholicacattlencausen&vcautionncautiousacavenCD=compactdisknceilingncelebratevcelebrationncellncentncentigradeacentimetre(Amcentimeter)ncentralacentre(Amcenter)ncenturynceremonyncertainacertificatenchainnchairnchairman/woman(plchairmen/women)nchalknchallengenchallengingachampionnchancenchangen&vchangeableachannelnchantv&nchaosnchapterncharacterncharacteristica&n\n|chargev&nchartnchatn&vcheapacheatn&vcheckn&vcheekncheern&vcheerfulacheersintcheesenchefnchemicala&nchemistnchemistryncheque(Amcheck)nchessnchestnchewvchickennchiefa&nchild(plchildren)nchildhoodnchocolatenchoicenchoirnchoken&vchoose(chose,chosen)vchopsticksnchorusnChristiannChristmasnchurchncigarncigarettencinemancirclen&vcircuitncirculatevcircumstancencircusncitizenncityncivilacivilianncivilizationnclapvclarifyvclassnclassicaclassifyvclassmatenclassroomnclawnclayncleanv&acleanernclearaclerkncleveraclickvclimaten\n|climbvclinicnclocknclonevclosea&adclothnclothesnclothingncloudncloudyaclubnclumsyacoachncoalncoastncoatncocoancoffeencoinncoincidencencokencolda&ncollarncolleaguencollectvcollectionncollegencollisionncolour(Amcolor)n&vcombn&vcombinevcome(came,come)vcomedyncomfortncomfortableacommandn&vcommentncommercialacommitvcommitmentncommitteencommonacommunicatevcommunicationncommunismncommunistn&acompanionncompanyncomparevcompassncompensatevcompetevcompetencencompetitionncompletea&vcomplexa&ncomponentncompositionncomprehensionncompromisevcompulsoryacomputern\n|concentratevconc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