管理学英文术语 8页

［转载］管理学核心概念中英文对照原文地址：管理学核心概念中英文对照作者：jaywang第一章管理总论Manager管理者First-linemanagers基层管理者Middlemanagers中层管理者Topmanagers高层管理者Management管理Efficiency效率Effectiveness效果Planning计戈UOrganizing组织Leading领导Controlling控制Managementprocess管理过程Managementroles管理角色Interpersonalroles人际关系角色Informationalroles信息传递角色Decisionalroles决策制定角色Technicalskills技术技能Humanskills人事技能Conceptualskills概念技能System系统Closedsystems封闭系统Opensystems开放系统Environment环境Specialenvironment具体环境Generalenvironment一般环境Contingencyperspective权变观Organization组织Universalityofmanagement管理的普遍性Nonmanagerialemployees/Operatives操作者第二章管理的历史Divisionoflabor劳动分工Industrialrevolution产业革命Scientificmanagement科学管理Therbligs基本动作元素Generaladministrativetheorists一般行政管理理论家Principlesofmanagement管理原贝1JBureaucracy官僚行政组织、层级组织Quantitativeapproach定量方法Organizationalbehavior(OB)组织行为HawthorneStudies霍桑研究Workforcediversity员工多样化Entrepreneurship企业家e-business(electronicbusiness)电子商务e-commerce(electroniccommerce)电子贸易、电子商务Intranet内部互联网Totalqualitymanagement(TQM)全面质量管理Learningorganization学习型组织Knowledgemanagement知识管理Workplacespirituality团队精神第三章计划Decision决策Decision-makingprocess决策过程Problem问题Decisioncriteria决策标准\nImplementation实施Rationaldecisionmaking理性决策\nBoundedrationality有限理性Satisficing满意Escalationofcommitment承诺升级Intuitivedecisionmaking直觉决策Well-structuredproblems结构良好问题Programmeddecision程序化决策Procedure程序Rule规则Policy政策Poorlystructuredproblems结构不良问题Nonprogrammeddecisions非程序化决策Certainty确定性Risk风险性Uncertainty不确定性Directivestyle指导性风格Analyticstyle分析性风格Conceptualstyle概念性风格Behavioralstyle行为性风格Planning计戈UGoals目标Plans计划Strategicplans战略计划Operationalplans作业计戈ULong-termplans长期计戈UShort-termplans短期计戈1JSpecificplans具体性计划Directionalplans指导性计划Single-useplan单一目标计划Standingplans标准计划Traditionalgoalsetting传统目标设定Means-endschain手段一结果链Managementbyobjectives(MBO)目标管理Mission使命Commitmentconcept承诺概念Formalplanningdepartment正式计戈U部门Strategicmanagement战略管理Strategicmanagementprocess战略管理过程Opportunities机会Threats威胁Corecompetencies核心能力Strengths优势Weaknesses劣势SWOTanalysisSWO份析Corporate-levelstrategy公司层战略Stabilitystrategy稳定战略Growthstrategy增长战略Relateddiversification相关领域多元化经营Unrelateddiversification不相关领域多元化经营Retrenchmentstrategy收缩战略BCGmatrixBCG矩阵波士顿咨询集团矩阵Business-levelstrategyStrategicbusinessunitsCompetitiveadvantageCostleadershipstrategyDifferentiationstrategyFocusstrategy集中化战略Functional-levelstrategyEnvironmentalScanningCompetitorintelligence事业层战略战略经营单位竞争优势成本领先战略差异化战略职能层战略环境扫描竞争者情报、竞争者信息\nForecasts预测Quantitativeforecasting定量预测Qualitativeforecasting定性预测ForecastingTechniques预测技术Benchmarking基准化、标杆Resources资源Budget预算RevenueBudgets收入预算ExpenseBudgets费用预算ProfitBudgets利润预算CashBudgets现金预算Scheduling进度计划、规划GanttCharts甘特图LoadCharts负荷图PERTnetwork计划评审技术网络Events事件Activities活动Slacktime松弛时间Criticalpath关键线路Breakevenanalysis盈亏平衡分析Linearprogramming线性规戈1JProject项目ProjectManagement项目管理Scenario设想方案第四章组织Organizing组织Organizationalstructure组织结构Organizationaldesign组织设计Workspecialization劳动分工Departmentalization部门化Functionaldepartmentalization职能部门化Productdepartmentalization产品部门化Geographicaldepartmentalization地区部门化Processdepartmentalization过程部门化Customerdepartmentalization顾客部门化Cross-functionalteams跨职能团队Chainofcommand指挥链Authority职权Responsibility职责Unityofcommand统——指挥Spanofcontrol管理幅度Centralization集权化Decentralization分权化Formalization正规化Mechanisticorganization机械式组织Organicorganization有机式组织Unitproduction单件生产Massproduction大量生产Processproduction连续生产Simplestructure简单结构Functionalstructure职能型结构Divisionalstructure分部型结构Team-basedstructure团队结构Matrixstructure矩阵结构Projectstructure项目结构Autonomousinternalunits内部自治单位Boundarylessorganization无边界组织Learningorganization学习型组织High-performanceworkpractice高绩效的工作实践\nHumanresourcemanagementprocess人力资源管理过程Laborunion工会Humanresourceplanning人力资源规戈UJobanalysis职务分析Jobdescription职务说明书Jobspecification职务规范Recruitment招聘Decruitment解聘Selectionprocess里瓦选过程Validity效度Reliability信度Worksampling工作抽样Assessmentcenters测评中心Orientation定向、导向Performancemanagementsystem绩效管理系统Writtenessay书面描述法Criticalincidents关键事件法Graphicratingscales评分表法Behaviorallyanchoredratingscales(BARS)行为定位评分法Multipersoncomparisons多人比较法Grouporderranking分组排序法Individualranking个体排序法Pairedcomparison配对比较法360degreefeedback360度反馈skill-basedpay按技能付酬Career职业生涯、职业Organizationalchange组织变革Changeagents变革推动者Organizationaldevelopment(OD)组织发展Stress压力Creativity创造Innovation创新第五章领导Behavior行为Organizationalbehavior组织行为学Attitudes态度Cognitivecomponent认知成分AffectivecomponentT青感成分Behavioralcomponent行为成分Jobsatisfaction工作满意度Jobinvolvement工作投入Organizationalcommitment组织承诺Organizationalcitizenshipbehavior(OCB)组织公民行为Cognitivedissonance认知失调Attitudesurveys态度调查Personality人性Big-fivemodel重要的五大模型Emotionalintelligence(EI)情感智商Locusofcontrol控制点Machiavellianism马基雅维里主义Self-esteem自尊Self-monitoring自我监控Perception知觉Attributiontheory归因理论Fundamentalattributionerror基本归因错误Self-servingbias自我服务偏见Selectivity有选择地接受、选择性Assumedsimilarity假设相似性Stereotyping刻板印象\nLearning学习Operantconditioning操作性条件反射Sociallearningtheory社会学习理论Shapingbehavior行为塑造Motivation动机Need需要Hierarchyofneedstheory需要层次理论Physiologicalneeds生理需要Safetyneeds安全需要Socialneeds社会需要Esteemneeds尊重需要Self-actualizationneeds自我实现需要TheoryXX理论TheoryYY理论Motivation-hygienetheory激励一保健理论Hygienefactors保健因素Motivators激励因素Three-needstheory三种需要理论Needforachievement(nAch)成就需要Needforpower(nPow)权力需要Needforaffiliation(nAff)归属需要Goal-settingtheory目标设定理论Reinforcementtheory强化理论Reinforcers强化物Jobdesign职务设计Jobscope职务范围Jobenlargement职务扩大化Jobenrichment工作丰富化Jobdepth职务深度Jobcharacteristicmodel(JCM)职务特征模型Skillvariety技能多样性Taskidentity任务同一性Tasksignificance任务重要性Autonomy自主性Feedback反馈Equitytheory公平理论Referents参照对象Expectancytheory期望理论Compressedworkweek压缩工作周Flexibleworkhours弹性工作制Jobsharing职务分担Contingentworkers应急工Telecommuting电子通信，远程办公Pay-forperformanceprograms基于绩效的薪酬管理Open-bookmanagement公开帐簿管理Leader领导者Leadership领导Behavioraltheories行为理论Autocraticstyle权威式Democraticstyle民主式Laissez-fairestyle放任式Initiatingstructure定规维度Consideration关怀维度High-highleader高一高型领导者Managerialgrid管理方格论Fiedlercontingencymodel菲德勒权变模型Least-preferredco-worker(LPC)questionnaire最难共事者问卷Leader-memberrelations领导者一成员关系，上下级关系Taskstructure任务结构\nPositionpower职位权力Situationalleadershiptheory(SLT)情景领导理论Readiness准备状态Maturity成熟度Leaderparticipationmodel领导者参与模型Path-goaltheory路径—目标理论Transactionalleaders事务型领导者Transformationalleaders变革型领导者Charismaticleader超凡魅力的领导者Visionaryleadership愿景领导者Legitimatepower法定权Coercivepower强制权Rewardpower奖赏权Expertpower专长权Referentpower模范权Credibility可信度Trust诚信、信任Empowerment授权Communication沟通Interpersonalcommunication人际沟通Organizationalcommunication组织沟通Message信息Encoding编码Channel通道、渠道Decoding解码Communicationprocess沟通过程Noise噪音Nonverbalcommunication非言语沟通Bodylanguage体态语言Verbalintonation语调Filtering过滤Selectiveperception选择性知觉Informationoverload信息超载Jargon行话Activelistening积极倾听Formalcommunication正式沟通Informalcommunication非正式沟通Downwardcommunication下行沟通、向下交流Upwardcommunication上行沟通、向上交流Lateralcommunication平行沟通、横向交流Diagonalcommunication斜行沟通、越级交流Communicationnetworks沟通网络Grapevine小道信息、谣言E-mail电子邮件Instantmessaging(IM)即时信息Voicemail声音邮件Fax传真Electronicdatainterchange(EDI)电子数据交换Teleconferencing电信会议Videoconferencing视频会议Intranet内部互联网Extranet外部互联网第六章控制Control控制Marketcontrol市场控制Bureaucraticcontrol官僚组织控制、层级控制Controlprocess控制过程Managementbywalkingaround(MBWA)走动式管理Rangeofvariation偏差范围\nImmediatecorrectiveaction立即纠正行动Basiccorrectiveaction彻底纠正行动Feedforwardcontrol前馈控制Concurrentcontrol同期控制、现场控制Feedbackcontrol反馈控制