高中英语unit5thepowerofnature课时跟踪练一warmingup&reading_prereading 7页

Unit5Thepowerofnature课时跟踪练（一）WarmingUp&Reading-PrereadingⅠ.阅读理解ATheUSgovernmenthasrecentlyhelpedpeoplelearnmoreaboutthedangersofearthquakesbypublishingamap.Thismapshowsthechancesofanearthquakeineachpartofthecountry.Theareasofthemapwhereearthquakesaremostlikelytooccurarecalledearthquakebelts.Thegovernmentisspendingagreatdealofmoneyandisworkinghardtohelptodiscovertheanswerstothesetwoquestions：Canwepredictearthquakes?Canwecontrolearthquakes?Toanswerthefirstquestion,scientistsarelookingverycloselyatthemostactivefault(断层)systemsinthecountry,suchastheSanAndreasfaultinCalifornia.Afaultisabreakbetweentwosectionsoftheearth'ssurface.Thesebreaksbetweensectionsaretheplaceswhereearthquakesoccur.Scientistslookatthefaultsforchangeswhichmightshowthatanearthquakewasabouttooccur.Butitwillprobablybemanyyearsbeforewecanpredictearthquakescorrectly.Andthecontrolofearthquakesisevenfartheraway.However,therehavebeensomeinterestingdevelopmentsinthefieldofcontrollingearthquakes.ThemostinterestingdevelopmentconcernstheRockyMountainArsenalearthquakes.Herewaterwasputintoalayerofrocks4,000metresbelowthesurfaceoftheground.Shortlyafterthisinjection(注射)ofwater,therewasasmallnumberofearthquakes.Scientistshavedecidedthatthewaterwhichwasinjectedintotherocksworkedlikeoiloneachother.Whenthewater“oiled”thefault,thefaultbecameslipperyandtheenergyofanearthquakewasgivenout.Scientistsarestillexperimentingatthesiteoftheseearthquakes.Theyhaverealizedthatthereisaconnectionbetweentheinjectionofthewaterandtheearthquakeactivity.Theyhavesuggestedthatitmightbepossibletousethisknowledgetopreventverybig,dangerousearthquakes,thatis,scientistscouldinjectsomekindoffluidlikewaterintofaultsandchangeonebigearthquakeintoanumberofsmall,harmlessearthquakes.语篇解读：为了提高人们对地震的防范意识，美国政府加大了在防震、预测方面的投入，n他们甚至在努力采取措施控制地震的发生。1．Earthquakesbeltsare________.A．mapsthatshowwhereearthquakesarelikelytooccurB．zoneswithahighprobabilityofearthquakesC．breaksbetweentwosectionsoftheearth'ssurfaceD．thetwolayersofearthalongafault解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句可知，地震多发地带被称为earthquakebelts。2．TheSanAndreasfaultis________.A．anactivefaultsystemB．aplacewhereearthquakeshavebeenpredictedcorrectlyC．aplacewhereearthquakeshavebeencontrolledD．atthefootoftheRockyMountain解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，该地区为地震比较活跃的地区。3．WhatdidscientistslearnaboutearthquakesattheRockyMountainArsenal?A．Theyoccuratabout4,000metresbelowgroundlevel.B．Theinjectionofwaterintoearthquakefaultspreventsearthquakesfromoccurring.C．Theyareusuallycausedbytheoilinthefaults.D．Harmfulearthquakescouldbepreventedbycausingharmlessearthquakes.解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段尾句可知。4．WhatcanbesaidabouttheexperimentsattheRockyMountainArsenal?A．Theyhavenopracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.B．Theymayhavepracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.C．Theyarecertaintohavepracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.D．Nothingistoldabouttheirpracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.解析：选B　推理判断题。根据科学家的试验，通过向断裂带注水可以引发小地震，从而使地震的能量得到释放，因此也就降低了大地震爆发的可能。BThereareover500knownactivevolcanoesintheworldandthousandsofextinctvolcanoes.VolcanoesarefoundoneverycontinentexceptAustralia.Thereareabout80activevolcanoesundertheoceans.Volcanoesarebothterrifyingandfascinating.Inordertounderstandwhyvolcaniceruptionshappen,itisnecessarytoknowsomethingsabouthowtheEarthismade.nThepartoftheEarthweliveonisan18milethicklayerofsolidrockcalledthecrust.Beneaththecrustisalayercalledthemantle(地幔),itishotenoughtomeltsomeoftherock,creatingmagma(岩浆).WhenthemagmafindscracksintheEarth'scrust,itrisesup.Gasbubbles(气泡)insidethemagmagrowbiggerandtrytoescapeasthemoltenrockgetsclosertotheEarth'ssurface.Whenthegasbubblescan'tbeheldbackanylonger,thevolcanoerupts.Imagineshakingasodabottleuntilthegasinsideblowsthecapoff,andyoucanunderstandsomethingofhowavolcanoerupts.Ifthemagmaisrunny,andthegascanescapeeasily,theeruptionisgentle.Butifthemagmaisthick,thegashastobuildupmorepressuretoescape.Thentheeruptionisexplosive.Whenavolcanoerupts,themoltenrockthatflowsfromitiscalledlava.Thelavamayrunforsomedistance,oritmaypileupnearthevolcano,makingthemountainlarger.Duringanexplosiveeruption,piecesofrockarethrownfromthevolcano.Scientistscallthesepyroclasts(火山碎屑).Thesmallestpyroclastsarecalledash.Ashisoftenthrownintotheatmospherebytheforceoftheeruption.Largerrocks,aboutwalnut(胡桃)size,arecalledlapilli,Italianfor“littlestones”.Thelargestpyroclastsarecalledblocksiftheyaresolid,orbombsiftheyaremolten.Volcanoeshavebeenamajorforceintheformationofourplanetforthousandsandthousandsofyears.Todaygeologistscontinuallyobserveactivevolcanoesforsignsoferuption.Usingmoderninstruments,theyareusuallyabletoissueawarningbeforethevolcanoerupts.5．Theauthorexplainshowthevolcanoeruptsby________.A．makingacomparison　B．tellingastoryC．usingfiguresD．askingquestions解析：选A　写作手法题。根据第三段“Imagineshakingasodabottleuntilthegasinsideblowsthecapoff,andyoucanunderstandsomethingofhowavolcanoerupts.”可知，作者在说明火山怎样喷发时打了一个比方。6．Whethertheeruptionisexplosivedependson________.A．thetemperatureofthecrustB．whetherthemagmaisthickC．whetherthemagmaisnearthemantlenD．thenumberofgasbubblesinsidethemagma解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段末三句“Ifthemagmaisrunny...Thentheeruptionisexplosive.”可知，火山喷发是否是爆发性的，取决于岩浆是否黏稠。其中的runny的意思是“松软的，有流动倾向的”。7．WelearnfromParagraph5that________.A．ashissmallerthanpyroclastsB．bombsareaboutwalnutsizeC．blocksarelargerthanlapilliD．lapilliexistintheatmosphere解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第五段“Thelargestpyroclastsarecalledblocks...”可知，block是最大的火山碎屑，故选C项。8．Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom________.A．NationalGeographicB．EntertainmentWeeklyC．HealthD．TVGuide解析：选A　文章出处题。该文介绍了火山的一些常识，最有可能从关于地理方面的杂志中摘选，故A项为正确答案。CSeeingavolcanoeruptisawonderfulexperience,andyoucanreallyfeeltheheatbyclimbingtothesummit(山顶)ofPacayaforacloseupview.ThereareguidedtourseverydayupthishighlyactivevolcanofromAntigua,givingtravelersachancetoseeMotherNatureathermostpowerful.PacayaisaneasydrivefromAntigua,abeautifulcitywithmanycolorfulhousesalongitsoldstreetsthatareturnedintoartworksduringitsHolyWeekFestival.NomatterwhenyoucometoAntigua,youwon'tmissthePacayatourcompanies.ButclimbingPacayaisnoeasyjob:itis2,560metreshigh,andreachingthesummittakestwotothreehoursofseeminglyonestepforwardandtwostepbackmovements.Asyouclimb,youhearthedullsoundsoferuptionshighabove.Steaming,hotremainsfromrecenteruptionsbegintolinethepathasyouneartheactivesummit：theMcKenneyCone(火山锥).Justasthoughyouaregoingtowalkovertotheedgeofthecone,theroadturnstotheleftanduptotherelativesafetyoftheold,inactivesummit.Manytoursaretimedsothatyouarriveattheconeofthevolcanoinplentynoftimeforsunsetandthefullcontrastbetweentheeruptingredlavaandthedarkeningsky.Onagooddaytheviewfromthesummitisextremelyexciting.Theactivemouthboils,sendingredlavaoveritssides,andonceinawhileshootshotstreamsupto100metresintotheair.Thereisastrongbadsmellintheairevenifyoutakecaretobeupwindofthecone.Aseveningturnsdeeperintothenight,theburninglavaquietlyfallsdownthesideofthevolcano.Foryou,too,itistimetogetdown.语篇解读：红色的熔岩从火山口喷薄而出冲向百米高空，与黑色的天幕相映生辉，来自大自然的力量令游客叹为观止，流连忘返。9．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．ToattracttouriststoPacaya.B．TodescribethebeautyofPacaya.C．TointroduceguidedtourstoPacaya.D．ToexplainthepowerofnatureatPacaya.解析：选A　写作意图题。B项描述Pacaya之美；C项介绍去Pacaya的旅行；D项解释Pacaya大自然的力量。这三项本文都是点到为止，其最终目的是想吸引游客去Pacaya。10．Antiguaisanisland________.A．wherepeoplecanenjoyculturalfestivalB．wherethedaringPacayatourstartsC．thatgivesacloseupviewofPacayaD．thatisfamousforitstourcompanies解析：选B　细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“NomatterwhenyoucometoAntigua,youwon'tmissthePacayatourcompanies.”可知，这里是冒险之游的起点。11．ClimbingtotheMcKenneyCone,peoplewill________.A．walkdirectlytotheactivesummitB．hearthecontinuousloudnoisefromaboveC．makegreatereffortsthantoothersummitsD．seeapathlinedwithremainsofearliereruptions解析：选D　细节理解题。由第三段第三句“Steaming,hotremainsfromrecenteruptionsbegintolinethepathasyouneartheactivesummit”可知D项正确。12．Manytoursaretimedforpeopleto________.A．getdownthemountainintimewhennightfallsB．avoidthesmellfromtheupwinddirectionoftheconeC．enjoythefantasticeruptionagainstthedarkeningskynD．appreciatethesceneryofthe2,560metrehighmountain解析：选C　细节理解题。由最后一段第一句可知，要准时到达火山锥才能欣赏到日落及岩浆喷发到黑色天空中的壮观景色。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Nowadayswearetoobusytomakeartormakecreativeworks.Herearesomesimpletipstohelpyousolvetheproblem.1．ReadbeforeyoufallasleepThisisaclassicsubconscious(潜意识的)employingtrick,usedalotwhenyoureallyneedtostudyandremembermaterials.__1__StudiesshowthatyourbrainremembersmoreandthinkssubconsciouslyabouttheinformationyouwanttoprocessjustbeforegoingintoREM(RapidEyeMovement)sleep.__2__2．TakenoteswheneverideascomeTakenotesnomatterwhattimeofday(ornight).Keepanotepadandpenbesideyourbed,andalwayscarryoneinyourhandbagorpocket.__3__Sometimesthey'renotimportantorplayful,butsometimestheycanbetinyseedsofgold.3．MakeconversationsaboutyourartworkapriorityThinkabouthowmuchtimeyouspendtalkingoutloudaboutyourartwork.__4__There'salearningcurve(曲线)thatcomesoutofforcingyourselftocommunicate.Setupalistofartiststocontactregardingyourwork.4．Don'tneglectthinkingtime__5__Manyartworksaremadeaftertheyhavebeeninsideyourownheadformonthsorevenyears.Whetheryou'reatwork,walkingpets,ordoingthedishes,usingthismomenttothinkhardaboutyourartworkcanpayoffgreatly.A．Youmightevendreamaboutwhatyouhaveread.B．Trysomeoftheseideasoutandseewhatworksforyou.C．Whenyou'renotmakingartwork,maketimetosimplythink.D．Don'thesitatetotakenotesinpublicoranywheretheinspirationstrikes.E．Inspirationhasbecomemoreimportantthaneverforbusinessleadersorartists.F．Ithelpstoregularlymakeeveryefforttotalkaboutwhatyou'vebeenworkingon.G．Ifyouwanttothinkmoreaboutyourartwork,readaboutitjustbeforeyoufallasleep.n语篇解读：如今我们变得越来越忙以至于没有时间进行艺术创作或者进行思维创新。本文提出了几条建议来解决这一问题。1．选G　本节小标题是：睡前阅读。另外根据承上启下的原则，第1空选G：若要深入思考艺术创作，那么就在睡前进行阅读吧。下一句讲：研究表明，人类大脑在进入快速眼球运动睡眠(RapidEyeMovementsleep)之前，对所要处理的信息消化吸收得最快。第2空选A：你在睡前所读的内容甚至可能出现在梦境中。2．选A　参见上题解析。3．选D　D项中的“takenotesinpublic”和标题“Takenoteswheneverideascome”呼应。4．选F　F项中的“talkaboutwhatyou'vebeenworkingon”和前一句中的“talkingoutloudaboutyourartwork”呼应。5．选C　C项中的“maketimetosimplythink”和标题“Don'tneglectthinkingtime”呼应。