2020版高考英语总复习unit4astronomythescienceofthestars课时作业 5页

Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsⅠ.阅读理解AHumanbeingsareinforadoubletreatinJanuarywiththeappearanceoftwosupermoons.ThefirstonerisesonthenightofNewYear?sDay.Thesecondcomesonthelastnightofthemonth,endingupwithalunareclipse(月食).Thatistheendofatrilogy(三部曲)ofbigmoontreatsthatbeganinDec.3withafullcoldmoon.TheJan.1supermoonwillbethebiggestoftheyear.Themoonwillappeartobeoversizedforafewnightsafterthat,thoughitwillnolongerbeafullmoon.Asupermoonisafullmoonthatappearsattheclosestpointinthemoon?sorbittoEarth,about14percentlargerand30percentbrighterthanfullmoonsthatappearatthefarthestpointintheorbit.Supermoonshangaroundallnight,areeasytoseeandarenotdamagingtotheeyes,nomatterhowlongyougazeatthemoon.ForthosewhomaymissthenightofJan.1,anevenmorecharmingsupermoonwillriseonthenightofJan.31.Thatwillbethesecondfullmoonofthemonth,whichisusuallycalleda“bluemoon”becauseadoublefull-moonmonthoccursessentiallyonceinabluemoon—aboutevery2.5years.Abluemoonisevenrarerwhenit?sasupermoon.Butthatwon?tbetheonlyraritythatnight.Thesuperbluemoonwillalsooccurduringatotallunareclipse.Ifskiesareclear,thetotaleclipsewillbevisiblefromeasternAsiaacrossthePacificOceantowesternNorthAmerica.Lunareclipsesmakemoonsappearblood-redbecauseofthewaytheblockedsunlightbends,whenEarthmovesbetweenthesunandthemoon,blockingthesun?slightfromreflectingoffthemoon.Soprepareyourselfforthesuperbluebloodmoononthenightofthelunareclipse.Togetthefulleffectofthelunareclipse,watchatmoonset.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“That”inParagraph1referto?A.Thelunareclipse.B.TheNewYear?sDay.C.ThesupermoonofJan.31.D.Thebiggestsupermoon.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutthesupermoononJan.31fromthetext?A.Itwillbeasuperbluemoon.B.Itwillbeginwithalunareclipse.C.Itwillbeobservedallovertheworld.D.Itwillbethebiggestmoonoftheyear.3.WhatdoestheauthoradviseobserverstodoaboutthelunareclipseonJan.31?A.Watchitwhenthemoonsets.B.Decidethespotfirstwhentheywatchit.C.Filmthewholelunareclipsewithmobilephones.D.Preparesunglassesbecausethemoonistoobright.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.DoubleNewYearsupermoonsB.ThedefinitionofasupermoonC.SupermoonswithalunareclipseD.TherarityofthebluesupermoonB“It?sreallyabreakthrough,”saidBritishscientistGuillemaboutthediscoveryofaplanet“moreorless”nlikeEarththatisorbitingProximaCentauri,thestarnearesttooursolarsystem.Proximab,or“EarthⅡ”asyoucouldcallit,isalittlebiggerthanourEarth,anditsyearsonlytake11days.Also,sinceitissomuchclosertoitsreddwarf(矮星)starthanwearetothesun,theskyonitsworldisorangewithoutanyblueatall,creatingaforeversunseteffect.Therearealotofquestionsforlifeformsthatcouldliveonthisnewplanet.AstheChicagoTribunewrote:“Doyouhavepoetry?Superheroes?Television?Diets?Meanbosses?Doyouhaveanyinterestinvisitingotherworlds?Ifso,putEarthonyourMust-Seelist.”ThediscoveryoftheplanetmadeuswonderifanyonehadseenorheardofthespacepostcardsfromPioneer10andPioneer11spaceprobes(探测器),sentupintospacein1972andthenextyear.Togetherwiththeprobeswerepicturesofamanandawoman,alongwithdiagramsofthesolarsystem.GoldrecordsweresentupintospaceonVoyagerprobesin1977.Ifaliens(外星人)onProximabhadplayedtherecords,theywouldhavefoundhumanvoicesandpicturesthatshowedtherichdiversityofEarth.ItmightnotbetimetoplanavisittoProximabjustyet—evenifithasanatmosphere—asfirst,wewouldneedtoinventawaytogetthereinlessthanthe78,000yearsitwouldtakeat36,000mph.“ProximablookstouslikeapromisingPlanetB,justincasethingsgoreallysouthonthisblueplanet,”theChicagoTribunewrote. 5.WhatdoweknowaboutProximab?A.Ithasanorangesky.B.Itisclosertothesun.C.Ithasnosunrise.D.ItisaslargeasEarth.6.WhatcouldbefoundonthegoldrecordssentupbyVoyagerprobesin1977?A.Picturesofacouple.B.Mapsofthesolarsystem.C.Recordedsounds.D.Severalpostcards.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Earthmovestothesouth.B.ProximabgetsclosertoEarth.C.Situationchangesfavourably.D.ConditionsonEarthgetworse.8.WhatwastheattitudeoftheChicagoTribunetowardsthediscoveryoftheplanet?A.Excited.B.Worried.C.Uninterested.D.Proud.Ⅱ.语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThecarrierrocketsentaShenzhou11spacecraft(航天器)withastronautsChenDongandJingHaipengintospace.TherocketwasfiredfromtheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCentre1.　　　　theGobidesert.AftertwodaysinEarth?sorbit,thespacecraft2.　　　　(be)tolinkupwithChina?sspacelaboratory,calledtheTiangong-2,3.　　　　namemeans“HeavenlyPalace2”.Thelab4.　　　　(place)intoorbitlastmonth. nTheastronautswillspend30daysontheTiangong-2.Theyplantoperform5.　　　　(science)andspacecraft-relatedexperimentsandtestsystemsforafuturespacestation.In6.　　　　words,theTiangong-2laboratorywillnotbepartofthatspacestation.Itsmaingoalistopractisethetechniquesandthe7.　　　　(technology)thatwillbe8.　　　　(use)tobuildandoperatethatfinalspacestation. ItispredictedthattheChinesespacestationwillbebuiltmostlybymachines.Chinahopestohavethespacestation9.　　　　(complete)by2022anditisexpectedtooperateforatleast10years. Chinaalsoplanstolandaprobe(探测器)onMarsby2020.Untilnow,Chinahascompletedatotaloffivemannedspacemissions.And,in2003,it10.　　　　(successful)landedaprobeonthemoon. Ⅲ.短文改错ThereistoomanypeopleandtoomanypollutiononEarth.Ifwemovedtothemoononeday,howwouldlifebelikethere?Inmyopinion,lifewouldbemuchmorecomfortonthemoonthanonEarth.Therewouldbenopollutionandnotrafficjam.Wecouldgowhereverwelikeinoneminutebythespaceship,whichwouldbemuchfastthanatrainoranairplane.Wewouldeatwhateveryoulikewithoutbeingconcernedunhealthyingredients.ThisisaplacewhereIamalwaysdreamingabout.课时作业(十四)Ⅰ.A【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了新年超级月亮。1.C　推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“Thesecondcomesonthelastnightofthemonth,endingupwithalunareclipse(月食).”和第三段第一句“ForthosewhomaymissthenightofJan.1,anevenmorecharmingsupermoonwillriseonthenightofJan.31.”可推知,此处的that是指1月31号的超级月亮,故选C。n2.A　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Thatwillbethesecondfullmoonofthemonth,whichisusuallycalleda‘bluemoon’becauseadoublefull-moonmonthoccursessentiallyonceinabluemoon—aboutevery2.5years.”可知,1月31号的超级月亮是蓝月亮,故选A。3.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句“Soprepareyourselfforthesuperbluebloodmoononthenightofthelunareclipse.Togetthefulleffectofthelunareclipse,watchatmoonset.”可知,作者建议在1月31号月亮落下时观看月食,故选A。4.A　标题概括题。根据第一段第一句“HumanbeingsareinforadoubletreatinJanuarywiththeappearanceoftwosupermoons.”开篇点题,并结合对全文的整体理解可推知,本文主要讲的是两个新年超级月亮,故选A。B【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了科学家发现了Proximab星球,Proximab星球与地球的情况非常相似。5.A　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“…theskyonitsworldisorangewithoutanyblueatall…”可知,Proximab星球有着橙色的天空,故选A。6.C　推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句“GoldrecordsweresentupintospaceonVoyagerprobesin1977.Ifaliens(外星人)onProximabhadplayedtherecords,theywouldhavefoundhumanvoicesandpicturesthatshowedtherichdiversityofEarth.”可推断出goldrecords里有录制好的声音,故选C。7.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“‘ProximablookstouslikeapromisingPlanetB,justincasethingsgoreallysouthonthisblueplanet,’theChicagoTribunewrote.”这句话的意思是Proximab是一个有潜力的星球,万一地球上的情况变糟糕呢,故选D。8.A　观点态度题。最后一段最后一句“‘ProximablookstouslikeapromisingPlanetB,justincasethingsgoreallysouthonthisblueplanet,’theChicagoTribunewrote.”可知ChicagoTribune认为Proximab是一个有潜力的星球,以防地球上的情况变糟糕,所以ChicagoTribune对于发现这个星球非常激动,故选A。Ⅱ.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了中国的太空实验室“天宫2号”的情况。1.in　考查介词。酒泉卫星发射中心地处戈壁滩,表示在某地,故用介词in。2.was　考查动词时态。与上文wasfired呼应可知,事情发生在过去,故用一般过去时,即was。3.whose　考查定语从句。whose引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作定语,修饰先行词Tiangong-2。4.wasplaced　考查动词时态和语态。与语境lastmonth呼应可知,事情发生在过去,且place和句子主语thelab构成逻辑上的被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。5.scientific　考查词性转换。scientific是形容词,在句子中作定语,修饰名词experiments。6.other　考查固定搭配。inotherwords意为“换句话说”,符合语境,故用other。7.technologies　考查名词复数。与语境thetechniques呼应可知,此处用名词复数形式作宾语。8.useful　考查词性转换。根据语境可知,此处是形容词作表语,故填useful。9.completed　考查非谓语动词。havesthdone意为“使某事完成”,符合语境,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。10.successfully　考查词性转换。副词修饰动词、副词、形容词或者整个句子,在句子中作状语,故用副词successfully修饰动词landed。Ⅲ.ThereistoomanypeopleandtoomanypollutiononEarth.Ifwemovedtothemoononeday,how┬what┬are┬muchnwouldlifebelikethere?Inmyopinion,lifewouldbemuchmorecomfortonthemoonthanonEarth.Therewouldbeno┬comfortablepollutionandnotrafficjam.Wecouldgowhereverwelikeinoneminutebythespaceship,whichwouldbe┬jamsmuchfastthanatrainoranairplane.Wewouldeatwhateveryoulikewithoutbeingconcerned∧┬aboutunhealthy┬faster┬weingredients.Thisisaplacewhere或whereIamalwaysdreamingabout.┬(that"/"which)