2019高中英语刷题首选卷基础练能力练unit1greatscientistssectionⅰpre_reading 9页

SectionⅠ　Prereading(WarmingUp&Reading)对应学生用书P1[基础题]Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Thepolice________(推断出)thathemustbethemurderer.答案：concluded2．Oneofthebiggest________(挑战)thisgovernmentisfacedwithishowtoremovehunger.答案：challenges3．Asweallknow,VanGoghwasafamous________(画家)．答案：painter4．Tooursurprise,manyriversandlakesnearbyareseriously________(污染)．答案：polluted5．It'snota________(科学的)waytotestthetheory.答案：scientific6．Thescientist________(分析)themilkandfounditcontainedtoomuchwater.答案：analysed7．Afteralongdiscussion,theydrewa________(结论)intheend.答案：conclusion8．Theoldwomaniswell________(照顾)tobyherdaughter.答案：attended9．Heisan________(专家)inthefieldofmaths.答案：expert10．My________(内科医生)advisedmetogiveupsmoking.答案：physicianⅡ.单句语法填空1．[2017·天津高考]Don'twasteyourtimetryingtofind________ifthereceiverhasreadityet.答案：out　findout“弄清楚，查明白”，为固定用语，符合语境，故填out。2．[2017·浙江高考]Pahlssonscreamedsoloudly________herdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.答案：that　此处为so...that...结构，意为“如此……以至于……”，故填that。3．[2016·浙江高考]IhavealwaysenjoyedalltheeventsyouorganizedandIhopen________(attend)moreinthecomingyears.答案：toattend　句意：我总是很喜欢你组织的所有赛事，我希望未来几年参加更多的赛事。hopetodosth.“希望做某事”。4．Topreventtheworldfrom________(pollute)bycars,wewillhavetomakesomechanges.答案：beingpolluted　prevent...fromdoing...“阻止……做……”，又因pollute与theworld之间是被动关系，所以填beingpolluted。5．Oneofthe________(challenge)hehasacceptedistoswimacrosstheriver.答案：challenges　“oneof＋复数名词”表示“……之一”，因此空处填challenges。6．Canyoutellmethenameofthefactory________youvisitedlastweek?答案：that/which　句意：你能告诉我你上周参观的那个工厂的名字吗？分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为thefactory；从句中visited为及物动词，后缺宾语，故用that或which引导。7．Thechildrenarehelpless________(victim)ofthefighting.答案：victims　句意：这些无助的孩子是战争的受害者。由于主语Thechildren是复数形式，所以victim也要用其复数形式。8．Whenhewokeup,hefoundhiswatchgone.Itseemedthathe________(suspect)meofstealingit.答案：suspected　由主句Itseemed的时态可判断，从句中的谓语动词应用一般过去时，故填suspected。suspectsb.ofdoingsth.“怀疑某人做了某事”。9．Fromthegoodresultsoftheexam,wecancometothe________(conclude)thatthestudentshavelearntthisunitwell.答案：conclusion　cometotheconclusion为固定用法，意为“得出结论”。10．Thepolicyispartly________(blame)forcausingtheworstunemploymentinEurope.答案：toblame　betoblamefor“对……负有责任”，是固定用法。Ⅲ.完成句子1．Heknewthatcholerawouldnever__________untilitscausewasfound.他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。答案：becontrolled2．SowhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854,he____________beginhisenquiry.n因此，在1854年伦敦再次暴发霍乱的时候，他着手准备对此进行调研。答案：wasreadyto3．He______________findoutwhy.他决心要查明其原因。答案：wasdeterminedto4．Next,JohnSnow__________thesourceofthewaterforthesetwostreets.接下来，约翰·斯诺调查了这两条街的水源情况。答案：lookedinto5．Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersupplies__________.为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。答案：(should)beexamined[能力题]　Ⅰ.阅读理解DoyousupposeDarwin,oneofthegreatestscientistsofalltime,reallydidfoolishexperiments?Ordidhedoexperimentsthatweresosimpleandbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywerefoolish?Sometimes,peoplethinktheyhavealreadyknowntheanswertoaquestionorthesolutiontoaproblem.Sometimes,theyreallydoknowananswerorasolution,butwithoutthinkingtheyareimportant.CharlesDarwindidn'tsettlefor(满足于)justthinkingheknewsomething.Andhebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe.Supposeyoudropsheetsofpaperthatareofexactlythesamesizeandshape.Ifyoudropthematthesametimeinthesameplace,theywillfallinthesameway.Nowmakeoneofthesheetsofpaperintoatightlittleballandletitdropalongwiththeothersheets.Whathappens?Youhavedoneanexperimentthatissosimplenthatyoumightthinkitcouldn'tbeworthanything.Butthissimpleexperimentisimportant.ItexplainspartofourpresentdayunderstandingsofphysicsthatwereworkedoutlongagobyGalileoandNewton.Andtheseunderstandingsset_asidesomeofancientGreekphysics.Scientistssometimesstoptolookatverysimplethingsandtothinkveryhardaboutthem.Eventhesimplestidea,whichwemightthinkisfoolish,canshakethefoundationsofscience.1．ThepassagetellsusthatCharlesDarwin________.A．wasagreatEnglishscientistB．alwayslikeddoingtheexperimentsthatothersthoughtdifficultC．thoughteventhesimplestthingwasimportantD．didn'tgetonwellwithothers答案：C　细节理解题。短文并没有说查尔斯·达尔文是哪个国家的科学家，可排除A；文中说法是别人认为达尔文的许多实验太简单不值得做，可排除B；文中没有论述达尔文与别人相处的情况，可排除D。由第三段最后一句可知答案为C。2．Theunderlinedphrase“setaside”mostprobablymeans________.A．throwawayB．storeupC．puttouseD．realize答案：A　词义猜测题。由上文可知作者认为做这个简单的实验是重要的，它解释了目前人们对于物理方面的部分理解。因此这些理解当然是“推翻”了一些古希腊物理学的观点。由此可推知setaside与throwaway同义。3．Theauthorofthepassagetriesto________.A．convinceusthatCharlesDarwin,GalileoandNewtonarethegreatestscientistsintheworldB．drawtheconclusionthatbasicsciencesaresimplethingsC．provethattwosheetsofpaper,withthesamesizeandshape,willfallatthesamespeedD．drawourattentiontoeverydayhappeningsaroundus答案：D　推理判断题。短文的最后一段点明作者的观点：最简单的想法都可能动摇科学的根基，即告诉读者要留意身边的每一件事，哪怕它非常简单。4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Darwinreallydidfoolishexperiments.B．Accordingtosomepeople,Darwindidfoolishexperiments.nC．Itisbelievedbyallthepeoplethatthingscouldbeimportantthoughtheyseemedtobesimple.D．GalileoandNewtonworkedoutancientGreekphysics.答案：B　细节理解题。短文第一段最后一句表明，有些人认为达尔文做了愚蠢的实验。Ⅱ.完形填空WilliamThomsonWilliamThomsonwasbornon26June1824inBelfast.Hewastaughtbyhisfather,aprofessorofmathematics.In1832,thefamily__1__toGlasgowwhereThomsonattendeduniversityattheageof10,__2__studiedatCambridgeandParisUniversities.In1846hebecameprofessorofnaturalphilosophyinGlasgow,aposthe__3__formorethan50years.InGlasgow,Thomson__4__thefirstphysicslaboratoryinBritain.Hewasapioneerinmanydifferent__5__，particularlyelectromagnetism(电磁学)andthermodynamics(热力学).__6__Faraday,hewasresponsiblefortheintroductionoftheconceptofanelectromagneticfield__7__Thomsondevelopedtheworkofthe__8__ofthesubject,NicolasCarnotandJamesJoule.Oneofthemost__9__resultsofhisworkwashisideaofanabsolutezerooftemperature—thescalebasedonthisisnamed__10__him.ThroughouthisworkThomson'smaingoalwasthepractical__11__ofscience.Heachieved__12__throughhisworkonsubmarinetelegraphy,amajorpractical__13__oftheday.Hewas__14__asascientificadviserinthelayingoftheAtlantictelegraphcablesin18571858and18651866,forwhichhewasknighted(授以爵位)in1866.His__15__inmarineissuesalsoinspiredhimtodevelopamariners'compassand__16__atidemachineanddepthmeasuringequipment.HeinventedmanyelectricalinstrumentsandhishouseinGlasgowwasthefirsttobe__17__byelectriclight.Thomsonwasraisedtothenoblemenwiththe__18__ofBaronKelvinofLargsin1892.TheKelvinwasasmallriverthat__19__nearGlasgowUniversityandwaspresidentoftheRoyalSocietyfrom1890to1895.Hediedon17December1907inAyrshire,Scotlandandwas__20__inWestminsterAbbey.1．A.flewB．travelledC．wanderedD．moved答案：D　结合上文的“inBelfast”和后面的“toGlasgow”可知，此处表示一家人从贝尔法斯特搬到了格拉斯哥。n2．A.orB．thenC．butD．so答案：B　结合前面的“attendeduniversity”和“CambridgeandParisUniversities”可知，他先在格拉斯哥上大学，后来到剑桥大学和巴黎大学上学。3．A.soughtB．confirmedC．heldD．admired答案：C　从空格前面的“professorofnaturalphilosophyinGlasgow,apost”可知，此处表示他担任这个职位长达50多年。4．A.tookupB．brokeupC．setupD．blewup答案：C　由后面的“thefirstphysicslaboratory”可知，此处表示建立了第一个物理实验室。5．A.fieldsB．countriesC．labsD．colleges答案：A　后面提到的“particularlyelectromagnetism(电磁学)andthermodynamics(热力学)”是两个不同的领域。6．A.InspiteofB．ExceptforC．TogetherwithD．Regardlessof答案：C　根据语境可知，此处表示和法拉第一起，他负责引入了电磁场这个概念。7．A.whichB．whenC．howD．where答案：D　由前面的“anelectromagneticfield”可知，这里是表示抽象概念的名词短语作先行词，且在定语从句中作地点状语，故应使用where引导定语从句。8．A.learnersB．pioneersC．competitorsD．leaders答案：B　根据上文的“developedtheworkof”和下文的“thesubject”及其后的两个人名可知，此处指的是汤姆森发展了这两位先驱者在这一学科的成就。9．A.importantB．obviousC．fortunateD．positive答案：A　结合后面的“hisideaofanabsolutezerooftemperature”可知，此处表示他所提出的重要的想法。10．A.forB．withC．afterD．on答案：C　此处是一个固定词组nameafter，表示“以……命名”的意思。n11．A.discoveryB．problemC．adviceD．use答案：D　从下文的“Heachieved__12__throughhisworkonsubmarinetelegraphy...”可知，他的主要目标是让科学被实际利用。12．A.wealthB．fameC．contributionD．enthusiasm答案：B　由第14空所在的句子可知，他由于在大西洋电缆铺设工作上的成就被授以爵位，故此处指他通过自己在海底电报方面的工作而成名。fame“名声，名誉”符合语境。13．A.problemB．fantasyC．experimentD．mystery答案：A　根据语境可知，此处是指海底电报通讯术是当时一个主要的实际问题。14．A.consideredB．attractedC．employedD．accused答案：C　从后面的“asascientificadviserinthelayingoftheAtlantictelegraphcables”可知，他被聘作科学顾问来指导铺设电缆。15．A.hobbyB．desireC．successD．interest答案：D　根据语境并结合后面的“inmarineissuesalsoinspiredhimtodevelopamariners'compass”可知，此处是指他对海洋问题的兴趣激励他开发了水手的指南针等。16．A.operateB．inventC．controlD．produce答案：B　结合前面的“develop”和后面的“atidemachineanddepthmeasuringequipment”可知，他发明了海潮机和深度测量设备。下句的“invented”是提示。17．A.litB．builtC．decoratedD．equipped答案：A　后面的“byelectriclight”表示他家是第一家使用电灯照明的家庭。light“照明，照亮”，符合语境。一般用被动形式，过去分词为lit。18．A.titleB．nameC．honorD．award答案：A　结合空格前面的“wasraisedtothenoblemen”和后面的“BaronKelvinofLargsin1892”可知，在1892年他晋升成为了贵族，拥有KelvinofLargs男爵的称号。19．A.floatedB．rushedC．surroundedD．flowed答案：D　根据前面的“asmallriver”可知，此处表示小河从格拉斯哥大学附近流过。n20．A.buriedB．respectedC．admittedD．preserved答案：A　与前面的“Hediedon17December1907”呼应，此处指他死后被埋葬在威斯敏斯特教堂里面。Ⅲ.短文改错DearSir，ThankyouforinvitemetothesummerEnglishcourseinyourschool.Asforyourchoicebetweenthetwocourses,Ipreferthefourweekcoursebecauseofthiswillallowmemoretimetodosometravelingbutmakeafewnewfriends.OfallthesubjectI'mlearningatschool,IlikeEnglishbetter.IhadbeenlearningEnglishforelevenyearsbutmyspokenEnglishremainspoorly.SoIreallyhopetotakethischancetoimproveit.Ifpossible,I'dliketostaywithafamilyforacoupleofdaysinorderthatIcanknowsomecustomsinEngland,whatI'mparticularlyinterestedin.IbelieveIwillhavewonderfultimethissummer.Yourstruly，LiHua答案：DearSir，ThankyouformetothesummerEnglishcourseinyourschool.Asforchoicebetweenthetwocourses,Ipreferthefourweekcoursebecausethiswillallowmemoretimetodosometravelingmakeafewnewfriends.OfalltheI'mlearningatschool,IlikeEnglish.IbeenlearningEnglishforelevenyearsbutmyspokenEnglishremains.SoIreallyhopetotakethischancetoimproveit.Ifpossible,I'dliketostaywithafamilyforacoupleofdaysinorderthatIcanknowsomecustomsinEngland,I'mparticularlyinterestedin.IbelieveIwillhavewonderfultimethissummer.Yourstruly，LiHua难项分析：第一处：invite→inviting　考查非谓语动词。Thankyoufor(doing)nsth.为常用的固定句型，意为“因为(做)某事而感谢你”，介词for后面要跟名词或动名词短语。故invite应改为inviting。第七处：had→have　考查动词的时态。此处是指学英语这件事从过去持续到现在，且可能继续下去，应用现在完成进行时。故had应改为have。第九处：what→which　考查定语从句的引导词。此处为非限制性定语从句，不能用what引导。引导词在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，且先行词somecustoms指物。故what应改为which。