2019年高中英语unit1greatscientistssectionⅰwarmingup 16页

Unit1GreatscientistsTuYouyou，thefirstChinesewomantowinaNobelPrizeinscience，hasmadeusallproud.Tu，bornin1930，discoveredartemisinin(青蒿素)，adrugthathasreducedthedeathratesforpatientssufferingfrommalaria(疟疾).“ArtemisininisagiftfortheworldpeoplefromthetraditionalChinesemedicine”.Itisofgreatimportanceforcuringmalariaandotherinfectiousdiseasesandforprotectingthehealthoftheworldpeople.Tu’swinningtheprizeshowsthatChinahasmaderapidprogressinscientificandtechnologicalfieldandmarksagreatcontributionoftraditionalChinesemedicinetothecauseofhumanhealth.TuwasborninNingbo，Zhejiangprovince，Chinaon30December，1930.TustudiedatBeijingMedicalUniversitySchoolofPharmacy，andgraduatedin1955.LaterTuwastrainedfortwoandahalfyearsintraditionalChinesemedicine.TuworkedattheAcademyofChineseMedicineinBeijingaftergraduation.Shewaspromotedtoaresearcherin1980onlyaftertheChineseeconomicreform.In2011，TubecamethefirstscientistinChinatowinAmerica’sLaskerAward(拉斯克奖)forherachievements.CurrentlysheistheChiefScientistintheAcademy.nSection_ⅠWarmingUp&Reading—PrereadingJOHNSNOW①DEFEATS②“KINGCHOLERA③”JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert④，indeed,thatheattended⑤QueenVictoria⑥asherpersonalphysician⑦.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedto⑧cholera.Thiswasthedeadly⑨diseaseofitsday⑩.Neitheritscausenoritscure⑪wasunderstood.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytime⑫therewasanoutbreak⑬.JohnSnowwantedtofacethechallenge⑭andsolvethisproblem.Heknewthatcholerawouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthat⑮possiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultiplied⑯intheair.Acloudof⑰dangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims⑱.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbed⑲thisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffected⑳persondied.①JohnSnow约翰·斯诺(1813－1858)，英国医生②defeat[dI'fiːt]vt.打败；战胜；使受挫③KingCholera　1854年爆发于英国的一次严重霍乱④expert['ekspɜːt]adj.熟练的n．专家；行家⑤attend[ə'tend]vt.照顾；护理；参加⑥QueenVictoria维多利亚女王(1819－1901)⑦physician[fI'zIʃn]n．医生；内科医师⑧expose[Ik'spəʊz]...to使……显露；暴露过去分词短语exposedtocholera作后置定语，修饰people。⑨deadly['dedlI]adj.致命的⑩ofitsday当时；那时。在句中作后置定语。⑪cure[kjʊə]n．治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗⑫everytime每次；用作连词，连接时间状语从句。⑬outbreak['aʊtbreIk]n．爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争)⑭challenge['tʃælIndʒ]n．挑战n⑮that在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词theories。⑯multiplyv．繁殖；成倍增加；乘⑰acloudof一团……⑱victim['vIktIm]n．受害者⑲absorb[əb'zɔːb]vt.吸收；吸引；使专心absorb...into...将……吸入……⑳过去分词affected在句中作定语，意为“受疾病侵袭的”。约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”[第1～2段译文]约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。霍乱是当时最致命的疾病。人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。因此，每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人死去。约翰·斯诺想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。他知道在找到病源之前，疫情是无法控制的。对于霍乱是如何致人死亡的，当时有两种相对合理的看法，斯诺对这两种看法比较感兴趣。第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖，它像一股危险的气体到处飘浮，直到找到受害者为止。第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。疾病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者很快就会死亡。JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence.SowhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854,hewasreadytobeginhisenquiry.Asthediseasespreadquicklythroughpoorneighbourhoods，hebegantogatherinformation.Intwoparticularstreets,thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.suspect[sə'spekt]vt.认为；怀疑['sʌspekt]n．被怀疑者；嫌疑犯hitvt.(厄运、灾难等)突然袭击；侵袭enquiry[In'kwaIərI]n．询问as在句中引导时间状语，意为“当……时候”。neighbourhood['neIbəhʊd]n．附近；邻近severe[sI'vIə]adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的so...that...“如此……以至于……”nbedeterminedtodo下定决心做[第3段译文]约翰·斯诺推测第二种理论是正确的，但他需要证据。因此，在1854年伦敦再次暴发霍乱时，约翰·斯诺就准备开始他的调查。当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候，他就开始收集资料。在两条特定的街上霍乱流行得很严重，以至于10天内就有500多人死亡。他决心要查明原因。Firsthemarkedonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthedeadpeoplehadlived.Thisgavehimavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.ManyofthedeathswerenearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallynumbers16,37,38and40)．Healsonoticedthatsomehouses(suchas20and21BroadStreetand8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Hehadnotforeseenthis,sohemadefurtherinvestigations.Hediscoveredthatthesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeerandsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.Next,JohnSnowlookedintothesourceofthewaterforthesetwostreets.HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.HeimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandlefromthepumpsothatitcouldnotbeused.Soonafterwardsthediseasesloweddown.Hehadshownthatcholerawasspreadbygermsandnotinacloudofgas.mark...on...把……标在……上where引导定语从句，修饰先行词places。clue[kluː]n．线索；提示deathn．死；死亡(人数)；死亡案例pump[pʌmp]n．泵；抽水机vt.(用泵)抽(水)BroadStreet牛津城的宽街，历史建筑群最密集的街道之一。Cambridge['keImbrIdʒ]Street剑桥大街nforesee[fɔː'siː]vt.(foresaw,foreseen)预见；预知investigation[InˌvestI'geIʃn]n．调查Itseemedthat...好像……blame[bleIm]vt.责备；谴责n．过失；责备betoblame应受责备；该受责备lookinto调查；了解pollute[pə'luːt]vt.污染；弄脏handle['hændl]n．柄；把手vt.处理；操纵sothat引导目的状语从句。slowdown减缓；缓解germ[dʒɜːm]n．微生物；细菌[第4～5段译文]首先，他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的确切的地方。这提供了一条说明霍乱病因的很有价值的线索。许多死者是住在宽街的水泵附近(特别是16、37、38、40号)。约翰·斯诺还发现有些住宅(如宽街上的20号和21号以及剑桥大街上的8号和9号)却无人死亡。他以前没预见到这种情况，所以他要进行更进一步的调查。他发现，这些人都在剑桥大街7号的酒馆里工作。酒馆为他们免费提供啤酒喝，因此他们没有喝从宽街水泵里抽上来的水。看来水是罪魁祸首。接下来，约翰·斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。他发现，水是从河里来的，而河水被从伦敦排放的脏水污染了。他马上叫宽街上惊慌失措的百姓拆掉水泵的把手，这样，水泵就用不成了。不久，疫情就得到缓解。他证明了霍乱是由病菌而不是由气体传播的。InanotherpartofLondon,hefoundsupportingevidencefromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet，likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Bothsheandherdaughterdiedofcholeraafterdrinkingthewater.WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthegerms.Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofnallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.Thewatercompanieswereinstructednottoexposepeopletopollutedwateranymore.Finally“KingCholera”wasdefeated.supportingadj.有力的；(演员、角色)次要的；配角的supportingevidence有力的证据link[lIŋk]vt.&n．连接；联系link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词woman。haditdelivered(让人运送它)中it代指上文的water，have为使役动词，过去分词delivered作宾语补足语。announce[ə'naʊns]vt.宣布；通告withcertainty“肯定地”，作状语。prevent...(from)doing阻止……做……beexamined为虚拟语气结构，其前省略了should。instruct[In'strʌkt]vt.命令；指示；教导instructsb.todosth.指导某人做某事[第6～7段译文]在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力证据。有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢从那个水泵里抽上来的水，每天都要让人把水运到她家。她和她的女儿喝了这种水后，都得了霍乱而死去。有了这个额外的证据，约翰·斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。为了防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。供水公司得到指示，再也不能让人们接触被污染的水了。最后，“霍乱王”被击败了。PrereadingPleasematchthewordswiththeirpropermeanings.1．defeat　　　　A．tomakeapersonorananimalhealthyagainafteranillness2．cureB．anewordifficulttaskthattestssb.’sabilityandskill3．challengeC．towinagainstsb.inawar,competition,sportsgame,etc.4．suspectD．tohaveanideathatsomethingisbadbutwithouthavingndefiniteproof5．blameE．totakeinliquid,gas,oranothersubstancefromthesurfaceorspacearoundsomething6．absorbF．tomakeaconnectionbetweentwoormorethingsorpeople7．linkG．tothinkorsaythatsb./sth.isresponsibleforsth.bad8．conclusionH．thepartofsth.usedtoopenit;todealwith;tooperateorcontrol9．exposeI．toshowsth.thatisusuallycoveredorhidden;tomakesth.knownpublicly10．handleJ．sth.thatyoudecideistrueafterthinkingitcarefully;theendofsth.1～5　________　　6～10　________答案：1～5　CABDG　6～10　EFJIHLeadinMatchthepictureswiththeproperintroductions.1．__F__Heisconsideredasoneofthegreatestscientistsinhistoryforhisdiscoveryofuniversalgravitationandthethreelawsofmotion.2．__B__SheisafamousChinesefemalescientistwhowonthe2015NobelPrizeinmedicineonOctober5forherdiscoveriesconcerninganoveltreatmentagainstmalaria(疟疾).ThisisthefirstNobelPrizegiventoaChinesescientistforworkcarriedoutwithinChina.3．__E__HeisaBritishscientist.Heworkedinastronomyandputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes.4．__A__Hewasascientistwhomadeimportantcontributionstothemissileandspaceprograms.HereturnedtoChinain1955andledtheChineserocketprogram,andbecameknownasthe“FatherofChineseRocketry”.nWhilereadingFastreadingSkimthetextandchoosethebestanswers.1．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．JohnSnowwasawellknowndoctorinLondon.B．Thecauseofcholerawaspollutedwater.C．Thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexamined.D．HowJohnSnowcollected,analyzeddataandfoundthecauseofthediseaseandsolvedit.答案：D2．Findoutthemainidea(ortopicsentence)ofeachparagraph：Para.1　　　A．Pollutedwatercarriedthedisease.Para.2　　B．“KingCholera”wasdefeatedatlast.Para.3　　C．JohnSnowwantedtousehisknowledgetosolvecholera.Paras.4&5D．Hegotinterestedintwotheoriesexplainingthecauseofcholera.Para.6E．Heneededevidencetoprovethesecondtheorywascorrect.Para.7F．Hefoundoutthatdirtywaterwasthecauseofcholera.Para.1________　　Para.2________Para.3________Paras.4&5________Para.6________Para.7________答案：Para.1——C　　　　　　Para.2——DPara.3——EParas.4&5——FPara.6——APara.7——BCarefulreadingReadthetextandchoosethebestanswers.1．AccordingtoJohnSnow’sview,________.A．QueenVictoriasufferedalotfrombadhealthB．acurehadbeenfoundforcholerabeforehistimeC．cholera’scausehadtobediscoveredinordertocontrolitD．thousandsofterrifiedpeopleknewwhattheyshoulddo2．WhichofthefollowingtheoriesdidJohnSnowbelievein?A．Acloudofdangerousgaswouldfloatarounduntilitfounditsvictims.nB．Peopleabsorbedcholeraintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.C．Peoplegotinfectedwithcholerabecauseofcoldandhunger.D．Peoplesufferedfromcholerabecausetheywerenotclean.3．Afterhemadefurtherinvestigations,JohnSnowfound________.A．choleramultipliedintheairB．peopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmealsC．thewaterfromthepollutedriverwastoblameD．fliesspreadthedisease4．Howdidhefindoutthecauseofthedisease?A．Bylivingintheareawherecholerabrokeout.B．Bymarkingamapwhereallthedeadpeoplehadlived.C．Bytellingtheterrifiedpeoplehowtopreventit.D．Bysavingthedyingpeoplesufferingfromcholera.5．Howwas“KingCholera”defeated?A．Bynotpollutingtheriveragain.B．Byeatinghealthydiets.C．Bydeliveringthewaterfromotherrivers.D．Bystoppingdrinkingthepollutedwater.答案：1～5　CBCBDStudyreadingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.[句式分析][尝试翻译]　但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。2．Firsthemarkedonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthedeadpeoplehadlived.[句式分析]　where引导定语从句，修饰先行词places,onamap为地点状语前置，原因是marked的宾语“theexactplaces...hadlived”太长，为了结构紧凑，故放在了地点状语的后面。n[尝试翻译]　首先，他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的确切的地方。3．Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.[句式分析][尝试翻译]　有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢从那个水泵里抽上来的水，每天都要让人把水运到她家。4．Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.[句式分析]　逗号前面的不定式短语作目的状语。suggested后接宾语从句thesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined。[尝试翻译]　为了防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。Ⅰ.阅读理解ABrianGreene,aprofessorofphysicsandmathematicsatColumbiaUniversity,hascreatedanonlinescienceeducationplatform.Hetriesto“buildabridge”withthingsyouknowabout,andthen“bringyouacrossthatbridgetothestrangeplaceofmodernphysics”．RecentlyIhadachancetoaskGreeneaboutwormholes(aholewhichsomescientiststhinkmightexist,connectingpartsofspaceandtimethatarenotusuallyconnected),timetravelandothermysteriesoftheuniverse.Iaskedhimamilliondollarquestion:WhatifIwentthroughawormholeandpreventedmyparentsfrommeeting?“Mostofusbelievethattheuniversemakessense，”Greenesaid.Althoughthereareseveralinterestingtheoriesabouttimetravel,headded,thelawsofphysicswouldprobablypreventsomethingsoillogicalfromtakingplace.Thegoodnewsisthatthetimeparadox(悖论)isopenforfuturephysiciststosolve.Whenaskedhowphysicscouldbecomemoreexcitingforkids,GreenesaidthatbooksbyStephenWeinberg,LeonardSusskind,andotherphysicists,“makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren’tyetready,perhaps,tolearnnmath.”WhenIpointedoutthatsomestudentsstillmightfindphysicsboring,Greenesaidthatthekeyistoteachthemaboutthingsthatarestrange.“Thebasicstuffisimportant，”Greenesaid.“ButIthinkit’sreallyimportanttoalsodescribethemoremodernideas,thingslikeblackholesandtheBigBang.Ifkidshavethoseideasinmind,thenatleastsomeofthemwillbeexcitedtolearnallthedetails.”GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein’sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.AsGreenesaid,physicsis“notjustamatterofsolvingproblemsinanexam”.It’saboutexperimenting,showinganinterestinstrangephenomena(现象)—andhavingfun!语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。物理学家BrianGreene希望更多的孩子可以对现代物理学感兴趣。1．Amilliondollarquestionisprobablyvery________.A．direct　　　　　　　　B．difficultC．personalD．long解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段Greene对这个问题的解释以及他说需要未来的物理学家去解决可知，作者提出的这个问题非常难。2．ThebooksbyWeinbergandSusskind________.A．areboringtoreadB．aremainlyaboutmathC．arepopularsciencebooksD．areonlypopularamongkids解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段的“...booksby...makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren’tyetready,perhaps,tolearnmath”可知，Greene认为Weinberg和Susskind等物理学家写的书浅显易懂，适合普通大众阅读，故这些书属于科普读物。3．AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingdoesGreeneagreewith?A．Modernphysicsisaboringsubject.B．Interestplaysanimportantroleinstudying.C．Itisnotnecessarytolearnallaboutphysics.D．ItiseasytodescribeblackholesandtheBigBang.n解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，当作者指出一些学生觉得物理无聊时，Greene说重要的是向孩子们讲述一些稀奇古怪的事，并描述一些诸如黑洞和宇宙大爆炸的现代物理现象，如果孩子们知道了这些，他们就愿意了解更多详细的内容。因此他认为兴趣在学习过程中起着非常重要的作用。4．Inthelastparagraph,Greenehopesthat________.A．kidscanlovescienceandphysicsB．kidscandowellinphysicsexamsC．kidscanhavefunwithexperimentsD．kidscanfindmorestrangethingsinlife解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein’sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.”可知，Greene希望孩子们可以像他一样对科学和物理感兴趣，去探索宇宙的奥秘。BSirJohnGurdon,aBritishscientist,whowontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein2012,saidhehadpredictedatthetimeofhisfrogexperimentsthatthesuccessfulcloningofamammalwouldhappenwithin50years,andthat“maybethesameanswerisappropriate”forthesteptohumancloning.Parentswholosechildreninaccidentsmaybeabletoclone“copies”toreplacethemthen.Althoughanyattempttocloneanentirehumanwouldraisecomplexmoralissues,thebiologistclaimedpeoplewouldsoonovercometheirconcernsifthetechniquebecamemedicallyuseful.CloningwasregardedwithextremedoubtswhenitwasfirstdevelopedbutbecamewidelyacceptedafterthebirthofLouiseBrown,thefirst“testtubebaby”.Hesaid,“Whenmyfirstfrogexperimentsweredone,anAmericanreporteraskedhowlongitwouldbebeforethesethingscouldbedoneinmammalsorhumans.Isaid,’Well,itcouldbeanytimebetween10yearsand100years—howabout50years？’Itturnedoutthatitwasn’tfaroffthemarkasfarasDollywasconcerned.Maybethesameanswerisappropriate.”SirJohnaddedthatcloningahumanbeingeffectivelymeansmakinganidenticaltwin,anddoctorswouldthereforesimplybe“copyingwhatnaturehasalreadyproduced”．Theaveragevoteonallowingparentsofdeceasedchildren,whoarenolongerfertile(能生育的),tocreateanotherbyusingthemother’seggsandskincellsfromthefirstchild,thinkingthetechniquewassafeandeffective,is60percentinfavor.Thereasonsfor“no”areusuallythatthenewchildrenwouldfeeltheyaresomesortofreplacementsforsomething.n语篇解读：诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主、英国科学家约翰·格登爵士称，那些在事故中失去子女的父母将能在未来50年内借助克隆技术，让他们的子女得到“重生”。5．SirJohnpredictedthehumancloningwouldbearealityin________atmost.A．about100years　　　　B．about60yearsC．about50yearsD．about10years解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知，格登爵士表示，在未来50年内，那些在事故中失去孩子的父母将有可能通过克隆技术得到孩子的“复制品”。故选C项。6．Accordingtothetext,whichstatementisNOTtrue?A．LouiseBrownisthefirst“testtubebaby”．B．Humancloningisstillacontroversialtopic.C．SirJohnispositiveaboutthefutureofhumancloning.D．Humancloningiscreatingsomethingthatdidn’texistbefore.解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“afterthebirthofLouiseBrown,thefirst’testtubebaby’”可排除A项；文章尾段说明赞成者占6成，故排除B项；根据第二段中格登爵士的话可知，他对克隆人充满了希望，故排除C项；根据第二段的尾句可知，D项表述不正确。7．Theunderlinedword“identical”probablymeans“______”．A．sameB．specialC．newD．clear解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“twin”和文中的“doctorswouldthereforesimplybe’copyingwhatnaturehasalreadyproduced’”可知，A项正确。8．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A．mostpeoplecastdoubtonJohn’sexperimentsB．humancloningisandwillbeonlyadreamC．fewchildrenlovetobeclonedinthefutureD．humancloningmayberealizedsomeday解析：选D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段的第一句可知，虽然克隆人类的尝试将引起复杂的道德问题，但是生物学家声称如果克隆技术变得有医学价值，人们很快就会消除他们的担心，因此可推断D项正确。CElizabethBlackwellwasbornonFebruary3,1821inEngland.Whileshewasgrowingup,twoofherbrothersandsixofhersistersdied.Elizabethdecidedtobecomeadoctor.Herfatherwasasugarbusinessman.Heencouragedequality(平等)betweenboysnandgirlsso,unlikemostgirls,Elizabethhadthesameeducationasboys.Onenight,whenElizabethwaseleven,afiredestroyedherfamily’sbusiness.ThefamilybecamesopoorthatMr.BlackwelldecidedtogotoAmerica.WhenthefamilyreachedNewYork,Mr.Blackwelltriedtostartanewbusiness,butfailed.In1837,hedied.Afterbeingrefusedseveraltimesbymedicalschools,ElizabethwasfinallyacceptedbyGenevaMedicalCollegeinNewYork,largelyasajoke.Peoplethere,evenwomen,thoughtshewasindecent(下流的)andaskedhertoleave.Butwithgreatdetermination,Elizabethgraduatedwithhighhonors.Aftergraduation,ElizabethwenttoParistolearnmoreaboutmedicine.ElizabethreturnedtoAmericain1851.Thereshehelpedotherwomenbecomedoctorsandopenedamedicinestore.Then,shebeggedherrichfriendstogivemoneytobuildahospital.Elizabeth’sdreamcametruein1857whentheNewYorkInfirmaryForWomenandChildrenopeneditsdoors.Itwasthefirsttruehospitalforwomen,runbywomendoctorsintheworld.In1868,thehospitalopenedamedicalcollegeforwomen.Afterthat,ElizabethreceivedaletterfromEuropeaskinghertocometoherhomelandanddoforthewomenofEuropewhatshehaddoneinAmerica.ShereturnedtoEnglandin1869.Theresheservedforfortyyears,whichmadeherahero.语篇解读：本文介绍了美国首位取得医学博士学位的伟大女性ElizabethBlackwell。9．WhatmadeElizabethwanttobeadoctor?A．Herpoorfamily.B．Herfather’sadvice.C．Herfamilymembers’earlydeath.D．Theinequalitybetweengirlsandboys解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的内容可知，Elizabeth年幼时她的兄弟姐妹相继死亡，这让她产生了当医生的想法。10．WhydidElizabeth’sfamilymovetoAmerica?A．Tosellmoresugar.B．Tolookforchancestolive.C．Toopenahospitalforwomen.D．TohelpElizabethstudymedicine.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段的内容可知，Elizabeth一家搬到美国是为了寻找生存的机会。11．ItcanbeinferredfromPara.4thatinAmerica________.nA．hardlyanywomenstudiedmedicineB．studyingmedicinewasconsidereddecentC．womenwerenotallowedtoreceiveeducationD．womenandchildrensufferedalotfrompoorhealth解析：选A　推理判断题。文章第四段讲到Elizabeth一开始遭到很多家医学院的拒绝，在她被纽约的一家医学院录取后，当地的人们甚至是妇女都认为她学医很下流，都斥责她让她离开，由此可知当时几乎没有女性学医，因为在人们看来女性学医是一件下流的事情。12．WhichistherightorderofthefollowingeventsaboutElizabeth?a．Sheopenedthefirsthospitalforwomen.b．SheopenedamedicinestoreinAmerica.c．HerfamilymovedtoNewYork.d．Shegraduatedfromamedicalschool.e．ShereturnedtoEnglandtoserve.f．Herfamily’sbusinesswasdestroyed.g．ShewenttoParistostudymedicine.A．cfdgbaeB．fcdgbaeC．fcgdbaeD．fcgdbea解析：选B　事件排序题。根据文章内容可知所列事件的正确顺序是：Elizabeth家的生意因火灾而破产→她全家搬到纽约谋生→她从医学院毕业→她到巴黎进修→她在美国开了一家药店→她开了第一家妇幼医院→她返回家乡做贡献。Ⅱ.阅读七选五HowteenscanstayfitAnytypeofregular,physicalactivitycanimproveyourfitnessandyourhealth.__1__Exerciseshouldbearegularpartofyourday,likebrushingyourteeth,eatingandsleeping.Itcanbeingymclass,joiningasportsteam,orworkingoutonyourown.Keepthefollowingtipsinmind：__2__Agoodattitudeisimportant.Findanactivitythatyouthinkisfun.Youaremorelikelytostickwithitifyouchoosesomethingyoulike.Alotofpeoplefindit’smorefuntoexercisewithsomeoneelse,soseeifyoucanfindafriendorfamilymembertobeactivewithyou.Takeitonestepatatime.__3__Forexample,walkorrideyourbiketoschool.Getonoroffthebusseveralblocksawayandwalktherestoftheway.Usethestairsinsteadoftakingtheelevator.nGetyourheartpumping(跳动).Whateveryouchoose,makesureitincludesaerobic(有氧的)activitythatmakesyoubreatheharderandincreasesyourheartrate.Thisisthebesttypeofexercisebecauseitincreasesyourfitnesslevelandmakesyourheartworkbetter.__4__Examplesofaerobicactivitiesarebasketball,running,orswimming.Don’tforgettowarmup.Withsomeeasyexercisesorstretching(拉伸)beforeyoudoanyphysicalactivity.__5__Itisalsoimportanttostretchoutafteryouexercisetocooldownyourmuscles.A．Italsoburnsoffbodyfat.B．Staypositiveandhavefun.C．Makephysicalactivityahabit.D．Smallchangescanadduptobetterfitness.E．Themostimportantthingisthatyoukeepmoving!F．Thiswarmsyourmusclesupandmayhelpprotectagainstinjury.G．Dotheactivityasoftenaspossible,butdon’texercisetothepointofpain.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章向青少年介绍了几条如何保持身体健康的建议。1．选E　由下文关于运动方面的几条建议可知，作者认为保持身体健康最好的办法是运动。E项中的keepmoving指代下文的Exercise。2．选B　B项中的Staypositive和havefun分别与下文的Agoodattitude和activitythatyouthinkisfun相呼应。3．选D　根据本段小标题Takeitonestepatatime.可知，循序渐进，小小的改变也能使身体更健康，故选D项。4．选A　有氧运动可提高健康水平、使心脏更好地工作，也可起到减肥的作用，故选A项。5．选F　根据下文的stretchoutafteryouexercisetocooldownyourmuscles可知，运动前先进行热身是为了保护身体避免受伤，故选F项。