2019年高中英语unit2theunitedkingdomsectionⅳlearningaboutlanguage 17页

SectionⅣLearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage[原文呈现]SIGHTSEEING①INLONDONWorriedaboutthetimeavailable②，ZhangPingyuhadmadealistofthesitesshewantedtoseeinLondon③.Herfirstdelight④wasgoingtotheTower.ItwasbuiltlongagobytheNormaninvadersofAD1066.Fancy！⑤Thissolidstone,squaretowerhadremainedstanding⑥foronethousandyears.Althoughthebuildingshadexpanded⑦aroundit,itremainedpartofaroyal⑧palaceandprisoncombined.Tohergreatsurprise⑨，ZhangPingyufoundtheQueen’sjewelsguarded⑩byspecialroyalsoldierswho,onspecialoccasions⑪，stillworethefourhundredyearolduniform⑫ofthetimeofQueenElizabethⅠ.[读文清障]①sightseeing[ˌsaIt'siːIŋ]n．观光；游览②availableadj.可用的；可得到的；有效的③shewantedtoseeinLondon为定语从句，修饰thesites。④delight[dI'laIt]n．快乐；高兴；喜悦vt.使高兴；使欣喜⑤Fancy！是一个独词句。在此处fancy是一个动词。⑥remaindoing“一直在做；仍旧在做”，doing多为不及物动词，如standing,sitting等。⑦expandvi.&vt.扩大；扩展；详述⑧royal['rɔIəl]adj.王室的；皇家的；高贵的⑨tohergreatsurprise作状语，相当于muchtohersurprise，表示“令她很吃惊的是”。⑩foundtheQueen’sjewelsguarded为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，其中宾语补足语由过去分词guarded充当。⑪onspecialoccasions在一些特殊的场合⑫uniform['juːnIfɔːm]n．制服伦敦游记[第1段译文]由于担心时间不够用，张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的景点列了一张清单。她最先想参观的地方是伦敦塔。它是很久以前由入侵的诺曼人在公元1066年修建的。真是太棒了！n这个坚实的用石头砌的方形塔已经屹立在那里1000年了。尽管在塔的四周扩建了一些建筑，但它仍然是皇宫和监狱联合体的一个组成部分。让张萍玉十分惊讶的是，她发现女王的珠宝由皇家的特别卫士守护着，而这些卫士在一些特殊的日子仍然穿着400年前伊丽莎白一世女王时的制服。TherefollowedStPaul’sCathedral⑬builtaftertheterriblefireofLondonin1666⑭.Itlookedsplendid⑮whenfirstbuilt⑯！WestminsterAbbey⑰，too,wasveryinteresting.Itcontainedstatues⑱inmemoryof⑲deadpoetsandwriters,suchasShakespeare.Thenjustasshecameoutoftheabbey,Pingyuheardthefamoussoundoftheclock,BigBen,ringingoutthehour.ShefinishedthedaybylookingattheoutsideofBuckinghamPalace⑳，theQueen’shouseinLondon.Oh,shehadsomuchtotellherfriends!⑬StPaul’sCathedral[səntˌpɔːlzkə'θiːdrəl]圣保罗大教堂⑭过去分词短语built...1666作后置定语，修饰StPaul’sCathedral。⑮splendid['splendId]adj.壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的⑯whenfirstbuilt为省略句，when之后省略了itwas。⑰WestminsterAbbey['westmInstə'æbI]威斯敏斯特教堂(英国名人墓地)⑱statue['stætʃuː]n．塑像；雕像⑲inmemoryof为纪念⑳Buckingham['bʌkIŋəm]Palace白金汉宫[第2段译文]接着参观的是圣保罗大教堂，它是在1666年伦敦那场可怕的大火以后建造的。刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌！威斯敏斯特教堂也是个很有意思的地方，里面珍藏着一些纪念已故诗人和作家的雕像，如莎士比亚的雕像。正当萍玉从大教堂往外走的时候，她听到了著名的大本钟在整点敲响的钟声。她参观了女王的伦敦住所白金汉宫的外景，以此结束了一天的观光。啊，她要同朋友们讲的实在太多了！TheseconddaythegirlvisitedGreenwichandsawitsoldshipsandfamousclockthatsetstheworldtime.Whatinterestedhermostwasthelongitudeline.Itisanimaginarylinedividingtheeasternandwesternhalvesoftheworldandisveryusefulfornavigation.ItpassesthroughGreenwich,soPingyuhadaphototakenstandingoneithersideoftheline.whatinterestedhermost为what引导的主语从句。nlongitude['lɒndʒItjuːd]n．经线；经度latituden．纬度imaginary[I'mædʒInərI]adj.想象中的；假想的；虚构的现在分词短语dividing...world作后置定语，修饰animaginaryline。navigation[ˌnævI'ɡeIʃn]n．导航；航行passthrough穿过现在分词短语standingoneithersideoftheline作状语。[第3段译文]第二天，萍玉参观了格林尼治，看到了古老的轮船和那座著名的为世界定时的钟。她最感兴趣的是那条经线。它是一条假想的线，它把世界分成东西两半球，从而有利于航海。这条线穿过格林尼治，所以萍玉就跨着这条线拍了一张照片。ThelastdayshevisitedKarlMarx’sstatueinHighgateCemetery.ItseemedstrangethatthemanwhohaddevelopedcommunismshouldhavelivedanddiedinLondon.Notonlythat,buthehadworkedinthefamousreadingroomoftheLibraryoftheBritishMuseum.Sadlythelibraryhadmovedfromitsoriginalplaceintoanotherbuildingandtheoldreadingroomwasgone.Butshewasthrilledbysomanywonderfultreasuresfromdifferentculturesdisplayedinthemuseum.WhenshesawmanyvisitorsenjoyinglookingatthebeautifuloldChinesepotsandotherobjectsonshow，shefeltveryproudofhercountry.ThenextdayPingyuwasleavingLondonforWindsorCastle.“PerhapsIwillseetheQueen？”shewonderedasshefellasleep.HighgateCemetery['haIɡeIt'semətrI]海格特墓地(英伦敦北郊，内有马克思及其家人的坟墓)Itseemedstrangethat...看起来奇怪的是……，it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。communism['kɒmjʊnIzəm]n．共产主义original[ə'rIdʒənəl]adj.最初的；原始的；独创的；新颖的nthrill[θrIl]vt.使激动；使胆战心惊过去分词短语displayedinthemuseum作后置定语，修饰treasures。sawmanyvisitorsenjoyinglookingat为seesb.doing结构。onshow展出中；陈列着(此处onshow作后置定语)wasleaving为过去进行时，表示将来。[第4～5段译文]最后一天，她参观了伦敦海格特墓地里卡尔·马克思的雕像。这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。不仅如此，他还在著名的大英博物馆图书馆的阅览室里工作过。遗憾的是，这个图书馆已经从原来的地方搬到另一座大楼里去了，而原来的阅览室也就没有了。但是令她感到最为震惊的却是博物馆里展出的那么多来自不同文化的奇妙宝物。当萍玉看到那么多参观者用欣赏的目光注视着漂亮的中国古代陶瓷和其他展品时，她心里充满了对祖国的自豪感。第二天，萍玉就要离开伦敦去温莎城堡了。在旅途中，她边打盹边想：“也许我能见到女王呢。”Step1　Readthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.1．HowdidZhangPingyuplanhertour?First,shemadealistofthesites_she_wanted_to_see.Thensheplannedherfourday_trip.2．Howmanysitesdidshevisitinhertripandwhatarethey?Eight;_they_are_the_Tower_of_London,_St_Paul’s_Cathedral,_Westminster_Abbey,_Buckingham_Palace,_Greenwich,_Highgate_Cemetery,_the_British_Museum_and_Windsor_Castle.Step2　Choosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext.1．WhydidZhangPingyumakealistofthesitesbeforevisitingLondon?A．Becauseshewasworriedaboutthetimeavailable.B．Becauseshewantedtovisitmoreplaces.C．Becauseshewasafraidofbeinglost.D．BecauseshelikedLondonsomuch.2．WhichisWRONGabouttheTowerofLondon?A．Itwasbuiltofstone.nB．ItwasbuiltbytheNormaninvaders.C．ItwasbuiltinAD1066.D．Ithadremainedstandingforseveralthousandyears.3．WhencanthevisitorsseetheroyalsoldierswearingthefourhundredyearolduniformofthetimeofQueenElizabethⅠ？A．AnytimeyouvisittheTowerofLondon.B．Onlyonspecialoccasions.C．SometimeonSunday.D．ThetimewhentheQueenisinhighspirits.4．WhatinterestedZhangPingyumostwhenshevisitedGreenwich?A．Theoldships.　　　　　B．Thefamousclock.C．Thelongitudeline.D．BigBen.答案：1～4　ADBC一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1.faxn．　　　　　　传真(机)vt.用传真传输(文件)2.quarreln.争吵；争论；吵架vi.争吵；吵架3.alikeadj.相同的；类似的4.foldvt.折叠；对折5.sightseeingn.观光；游览6.royaladj.王室的；皇家的；高贵的7.uniformn.制服8.splendidadj.1.名词动用常见单词集锦①fax：传真(机)→用传真传输文件②carpet：地毯→覆盖③bridge：桥梁→连接或沟通④chair：椅子；主席→担任主席⑤house：房屋→供给住所2.以字母a开头的常见表语形容词荟萃①alike相同的；类似的　②asleep睡着的③alive活的；有活力的④awake醒着的n壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的9.statuen.塑像；雕像10.errorn.错误；过失；谬误11.tensen.时态12.consistentadj.一致的Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.descriptionn．描写；描述→describevt.描写；描述2.furnishedadj.配备好装备的；带家具的→furnituren．家具3.possibilityn．可能(性)→possibleadj.可能的4.arrangevt.筹备；安排；整理→arrangementn．安排；筹备工作5.delightn．快乐；高兴；喜悦vt.使高兴；使欣喜→delightfuladj.令人喜悦的→delightedadj.高兴的；喜悦的6.communismn．共产主义→communistn．共产主义者7.thrillvt.使激动；使胆战心惊n．兴奋；激动→thrillingadj.惊险的；令人兴奋的→thrilledadj.极为激动的；非常兴奋的⑤afraid害怕的⑥ashamed羞愧的3.常见以ing结尾的名词一览①sightseeing观光；游览②ending结局；结尾③understanding谅解④reading读；阅读⑤shortcoming短处；缺点⑥shopping买东西⑦saying谚语；警句；格言⑧finding(常pl.)调查(或研究)的结果4.抽象名词具体化①delight：高兴→令人高兴的事②success：成功→成功的人或事③failure：失败→失败的人或事物④pleasure：乐趣→令人高兴的事⑤attraction：吸引→有吸引力的人或事物⑥beauty：美；美丽→美丽的人或事物⑦danger：危险→危险的人或因素⑧shock：震惊→令人震惊的事情5.后缀ism的常见意义(1)表示“……主义”　socialism社会主义；realism现实主义(2)表示“宗教”　Buddhism佛教二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.take_the_place_of　　　　　代替2．break_down(机器)损坏；破坏3．make_a_list_of把……列出清单4．to_one’s_surprise令某人吃惊的是5．in_memory_of为纪念……6．ring_out(嗓音、钟声等)响；鸣7．on_show在展览8．be_proud_of为……感到自豪1.remainstanding　　　　　依然屹立2．beguardedby被……守护着3．onspecialoccasions在一些特殊的日子4．looksplendid看起来金碧辉煌5．thesecondday第二天6．passthrough穿过……7．leaveLondonfor离开伦敦到……8．fallasleep睡着n三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Worriedaboutthetimeavailable,ZhangPingyuhadmadealistofthesitesshewantedtoseeinLondon.由于担心时间不够用，张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的景点列了一张清单。worriedabout...为过去分词短语作原因状语。Faced_with_so_many_new_things_to_learn,_Iwasovercomebyfearandwasatalosswhattodo.(2014·湖北高考满分作文)面对这么多要学的新东西，我会感到恐惧，不知道该做什么。2.Itlookedsplendidwhenfirstbuilt!刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌！whenfirstbuilt是whenitwasfirstbuilt的省略形式。Inaddition,whatmayinterestyoumostisthatIamreallynervousandupsetwhen_taking_the_exam.(2014·四川高考满分作文)另外，或许最使你感兴趣的是，考试时我真的紧张烦躁。3.ItseemedstrangethatthemanwhohaddevelopedcommunismshouldhavelivedanddiedinLondon.这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。Itseemedstrangethat...shouldhavedone/shoulddosth.“做……看起来似乎很奇怪”。It_seemed_strange_thatMr.Greenshouldhavemadenoremarkinthediscussion.似乎很奇怪的是，格林先生竟然在讨论中没作任何评论。1．(教材P12)Dothesedifferencescauseconflictsorquarrels?这些差异会引起冲突或争论吗？quarreln．争吵；争论；吵架vi.争吵；吵架①Shehadaquarrelwithherbrotherabout/overthebook.n她和哥哥为了这本书而争吵。②Jimalwaysseemstobequarrellingwithhisparentsabout/overthesematters.在这些事情上，吉姆好像总是和他父母吵架。2．(教材P12)Allofthewordsbelowcantaketheplaceofsaid,buttheyareusedunderdifferentconditionsandindifferentsituations.下面所有这些词都能代替动词said，但它们在不同的条件和情形下使用。taketheplaceof代替①Thesubwaywilltaketheplaceofthebustobecomethemainvehicleforthepeopleinthefuture.未来，地铁将会取代公共汽车，成为人们主要的交通工具。(1)takeone’splace　坐某人的座位；代替某人的职位takeplace发生；举行(2)inplaceof代替inone’splace代替某人；处于某人的处境inplace在适当的位置②Shecouldn’tattendthemeeting,soherassistanttook_her_place.她不能出席会议，所以由她的助手代替。③Asweallknow,the24thWinterOlympicswilltake_placeinChinain2022.众所周知，第24届冬季奥运会将于2022年在中国举行。[名师点津]　taketheplaceof与inplaceof都是“代替；替代”的意思。但taketheplaceof是动词短语，相当于replace，在句子中作谓语。inplaceof是介词短语，相当于insteadof，多用作状语。3．(教材P13)Onmywaytothestationmycarbrokedown.在去车站的路上，我的汽车坏了。breakdown(机器)损坏；出故障；破坏；身体垮掉；(化学)分解形象记忆写出下列句中breakdown的含义①Theprintingmachinesarealwaysbreakingdown.出故障②Foodisbrokendowninthestomach.分解③Hishealthbrokedownbecausehehadbeenworkingtoohard.身体垮掉4．(教材P13)Theyhadnotimetoarrangetheirownwedding,sotheyhaditnorganizedbyacompany.他们没有时间准备婚礼，所以他们让一家公司为其筹备。arrangevt.筹备；安排；整理(1)arrangesth.forsb.　　　为某人安排好某事arrange(forsb.)todosth.安排(某人)做某事(2)arrangementn.安排；筹备makeanarrangement/arrangementsfor为……做安排①It’snotnecessaryforparentstoarrangeeverythingfortheirchildren.父母没有必要为孩子安排好一切。②Davearrangedforsomeoneto_drive(drive)himhome.戴夫安排人开车送他回家。③Ifyouareinterested,pleasesignupattheofficebefore5：00pmnextThursdaysothatwewillmakenecessaryarrangements(arrange)．若你感兴趣，请在下周四下午5点前到办公室签名，以便于我们做些必要的安排。[名师点津]　表达“安排某人做某事时”不能用arrangesb.todosth.，而应用arrangeforsb.todosth.。5．(教材P14)HerfirstdelightwasgoingtotheTower.她最先想参观的地方是伦敦塔。delightn．快乐；高兴；喜悦vt.使高兴；使欣喜(1)take(great)delightin(doing)sth.以(做)某事为乐withdelight高兴地；愉快地toone’sdelight＝tothedelightofsb.使某人高兴的是Itisadelighttodosth.很高兴做某事(2)delightsb.withsth.用某物使某人高兴(3)delightedadj.高兴的，愉快的①Tomtakesdelightinhelpingthoseinneed.汤姆以扶危济困为乐。②Atthenews,thekidswerescreamingwithdelight.听到这个消息，孩子们在高兴地欢呼。③Itisadelightto_drink(drink)acolddrinkinsuchahotday.大热天喝杯冷饮是一件快乐的事情。n④Iamverydelighted(delight)totellyousomethingaboutTangpoems.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我非常高兴告诉你有关唐诗的事情。6．(教材P16)Makesurethattensesareconsistent.确保时态一致。consistentadj.一致的；始终如一的beconsistentwith...　　　与……一致beconsistentin...在……方面一致①Theseresultsareentirelyconsistentwithourearlierresearch.这些结果与我们早先的研究完全一致。②Asisknowntoall,heis_consistent_inhisarguments.众所周知，他的论点始终如一。Itlookedsplendidwhenfirstbuilt!刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌！whenfirstbuilt为时间状语从句的省略形式，补充完整为whenitwasfirstbuilt。状语从句省略的条件when,while,before,after,unless,asif等状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或状语从句中的主语为it，状语从句谓语中含有be动词状语从句的省略成分省略从句中的主语和be动词①Ifchosen,Mr.Brown,whoisrichinexperience,willturnouttobeanexcellentmanager.如果被当选，经验丰富的布朗先生会成为一名优秀的经理。②Fillinaproperprepositionwhere(itis)necessary.在需要的地方填入一个适当的介词。[名师点津]　省略句中的谓语动词和主语构成主动关系，则使用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示尚未发生，则使用不定式。③Whensurfing(surf)ontheInternet,Ifoundthenews.当上网时，我发现了这条消息。④Whenasked(ask)aboutthesecretofhissuccess,hesaidthatheowedmuchofhissuccessandhappinesstohiswifeandchildren.当被问及成功的秘密时，他说他的成功和幸福很大部分归功于妻子和孩子。n⑤Heopenedhismouthasifto_say(say)something.他张开嘴好像要说什么。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Shelikestohaveaquarrelwithneighborsaboutlittlethings.2．Chemicalsinthebodybreakdownourfoodintousefulsubstances.3．(2015·天津高考)TheJiborobot,arrangedto_ship(ship)laterthisyear,isdesignedtobeapersonalizedassistant.4．Thoughcomputerscandoalotofworkmancan’tdo,theycan’tcompletelytaketheplaceofhumanbeings.5．Itisadelightto_see(see)yousofitandhealthy.6．Somestars’fameisnotconsistentwiththeirbehavior,whichoftenletsthefansdown.7．Lost(lose)inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.8．Thisproblemmayleadtomoreseriousonesifleft(leave)unsolved.Ⅱ.选词填空1．Hequarrelled_withhisgirlfriendyesterdayandnowtheyhavemadeup.2．Thesportsmeetingwhichistotake_placethisFridayhastobeputoffbecauseoftheheavyrainthesedays.3．Toourdisappointment,ourcarbroke_downonthewayandwehadtowalktoourdestination.4．—Canyouarrange_forustovisitthemuseumtomorrow?—Noproblem.5．(2015·湖南高考书面表达)To_my_delight,_Michaelsanghighpraiseformygreatachievementsbeforemyclassmates,whichmademefeelproudofmyself.6．Hewas_consistent_inwhathesaid,andtherewasnomistakeinhisspeech.一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高n[本课语言点针对练习]Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Havingquarrelled(争吵)withhiswifeaboutwhoshouldwashthedishes,hefeltveryupset.2．Beforegoingaway,hearranged(安排)hisbusinessaffairs.3．Heoftenmissesthedelights(乐趣)oflifeinthecountry.4．Thrilled(极为激动)atthegoodnews,shecouldn’tsayaword.5．Thewitnessesquestionedbythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptions(描述)ofthefight.6．Whatyou’resayingnowisnotconsistent(一致的)withwhatyousaidlastweek.7．Wespentthedayssightseeing(观光)andtheeveningssittinginthebarsdrinkingthelocalwine.8．Thereisapossibility(可能性)thatthecompanywillsufferagreatlossthismonth.9．Hefolded(折叠)themapupandputitinhispocket.10．Pygmalionmadeastonestatue(雕像)ofabeautifulwoman.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Theyquarreledeachotherovertheprice.quarreled后加with2．Mybossarrangedmetodiscussbusinessdetailswithsomeonefromanothercompany.arranged后加for3．Itwasapitythatourcarbrokeupagainonourwaytothecountryside.up→down4．Tomydelighted,thefirstprizecametome.delighted→delight5．Hewasthrillingaboutbeingaskedtodeliveraspeech.thrilling→thrilled6．Everyeveningafterdinner,ifnottiringfromwork,Iwillspendsometimewalkingmydog.tiring→tired7．—Isthereapossibilitywhatyoucouldpickmeupattheairport?—Noproblem.what→that8．Thetwinsaresolike;it’sdifficulttotellthedifference.like→alike或are→look_Ⅲ.补全句子1．Theyapologizedtotheirfatherforhaving_quarreled_witheachother.因为吵架他们向父亲道歉。2．Hishealthbroke_downunderthepressureofwork.n由于工作的压力，他的身体垮了。3．Theyarranged_to_leavethefollowingspring.他们安排第二年春天离开。4．Onceuponatime,there_lived_an_old_manatthefootofthehill.从前，在山脚下住着一位老人。5．Feeling_quite_sorry_for_that,_Ibegintothinkaboutwhattodotohelp.我对此感到很遗憾，开始想着做些什么来帮助(他们)。6．(2014·湖南高考满分作文)When_searching_for_some_information,_wecanoperatebytouchingthescreen.当搜索一些信息时，我们可以通过触摸屏幕来操作。7．Itisstrangethatsheshould_have_cheatedintheexam.她竟然考试作弊，真是太奇怪了。8．Computerscannevertake_the_place_of_teachersintheclassroom.课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。[本单元语言点温故练习]Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1．Hehadhishatblown(blow)awayonhiswayhome.2．Hefelthisfacelost(lose)beforehisfriends.3．—Kate,wheredidyougetyourmaterialtyped(type)?—Inthelibraryupstairs.4．Hetriedinvaintomakehimselfunderstood(understand)inChinese,becausemostofthemcamefromEurope.5．Theyfoundthemselveslocked(lock)inahouse.6．Withthebridgebuilt(build),thetwovillagesareconnectednow.7．Thepaperswereingreatneed,sotheworkerskeptthemachinesrunning(run)alldaylong.8．Feelinghisshoulderpatted(pat),heturnedaroundandfoundhisfriendstoodthere.Ⅱ.补全句子1．TheChinesepeopleconsists_of56ethnicgroups.中华民族由56个民族组成。2．Johnisoftenin_conflict_withhisboss.约翰经常与老板发生争执。3．Whatcanwedotohelpthem(to)_break_away_fromthedifficultposition?n我们能做什么来帮助他们摆脱困境呢？4．Weboughtanewcaron_credit.我们用分期付款买了一辆新车。5．DoyouthinkImighthaveleft_anything_out?你觉得我是不是遗漏了什么东西？6．WhenIwentintoherroom,Ifound_her_reading_a_book.我走进她的房间时，发现她正在看一本书。7．What_attracted_me_mosttothejobwasthechancetotravel.这份工作最吸引我的地方是有机会旅行。8．If_it_is_convenient_for_you,_I’llvisityounextTuesday.如果你方便的话，我将于下星期二去拜访你。二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.阅读理解OverlandinginAfricaisoneofthecheapestandbestwaysforadventuretravelerstoexperiencethebeautyanddiversityofAfrica.OverlandtripsinAfricaoftenincludejourneystoseveralcountriesandthetripsusuallylastbetween2weeksto6months.Mostoverlandtripsaremadeinspeciallydesignedtruckswhichcantakethetravelersfaroffthebeatenpath(远离大路).OverlandinginAfricaisforthosewhoenjoyparticipatorycampingandcanlivewithouttheusualcomfortsandconveniencesoflife.A30dayoverlandtripcancostaslittleasUSD800.Thatincludesyourtransport,accommodation(usuallycamping),entryfeesforgameparks,campsitesandmostmeals.There’sanadditionalfeeforthe“kitty”，whichisacompulsorypaymentputintoacentralfundandusedforfreshfoodandotherincidentals.Thetourpriceusuallydoesn’tincludeairfaretoAfrica.Youalsohavetopayforyourvisasandpersonaltravelinsurance.Onthiskindoftrip,you’lloftencampinthebushandgettomeetalotmorelocalpeoplethanyouwouldonanyothertour.Becausethisisnotaholidayofgreatcomfortandpleasure,youareexpectedtobefitandingoodhealth.Furthermore,you’retravelinginagroupwithguideswhoknowwhatthey’redoingandwherethey’regoing.Overlandcompaniesarealwaysuptodatewiththelatestpoliticalhappeningsinthecountriestheyaretravelingthrough.Lastbutnotleast,it’sfun.Ifyou’reyoungatheartandenjoygroupactivities,overlandingisforyou.You’reexpectedtobeateamplayerandreallynparticipateandpullyourweight,evenifyou’renotinthemood.Thatmeansyou’llhelpcook,clean,fixthetruck,pushthetruckifitbreaksdownetc.Groupsizesvarybutthey’reusuallywithin25people.Theaverageageisbetween20and30andformosttoursyouhavetobeatleast18.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了非洲陆地游。1．Whenyoupayintothe“kitty”youcan________.A．flytoAfrica　　　　　　　B．getfreshfoodC．obtaininsuranceD．entergameparks解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the’kitty’．..usedforfreshfood”可知答案。2．AccordingtoParagraph4,overlandinginAfricais______.A．interestingB．safeC．adventurousD．cheap解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，非洲陆地游的导游都很专业，而且旅游公司也实时更新旅游目的地的情况，这些都说明非洲陆地游是“安全的”。3．Theoverlandtripsrequiretravelersto________.A．begoodatdifferenttasksB．understandthelocallanguageC．beingoodphysicalconditionD．fitinwithateamof2030people解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“youareexpectedtobefitandingoodhealth”可知，非洲陆地游的条件比较艰苦，需要游客身体健康。4．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthetext?(P：Paragraph)解析：选B　篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章第一段首先对非洲陆地游作了简单的介绍，让大家对这种旅游方式有所了解，然后在剩下的四段里分别介绍了这种旅游方式的优势：便宜、冒险、安全并且有趣，因此B项符合本文结构。Ⅱ.语法填空Anoka,Minnesota：TheHalloweenCapitaloftheWorldnAnoka,Minnesota,calls__1__the“HalloweenCapitaloftheWorld，”asitwasoneofthefirstcitiesintheUnitedStatestoputonaHalloweencelebration.WhenAnokansawoketo__2__(surprise)findtheirwindowssoaped,theirouthousestippedoverandtheircows__3__(walk)ontheMainStreet,theydecidedsomethinghadtobedone.So,in1920,aweeklongcelebrationwasstartedinAnokainaneffort__4__(take)thetrickoutoftrickortreat.Thetown’sloveaffairwiththeOctoberholidayhasbeengoingstrongeversince.Eachyear,__5__(colour)activitiestakeplaceduringtheweekleadinguptothebigday.TheGrandDayParadeincludesaMassBand,madeup__6__bandsfromfourhighschools.AnotherfeaturedeventistheGrayGhost5KRun,__7__(inspire)bysightingsofBillAndberg,amarathonrunnerinhis70s__8__ghostlyfigurecanoftenbeseenrunningthroughalocalcemetery(墓地)．The__9__(compete)includeapumpkinbakeoffandoneforbestHalloweenhousedecorations.MostparticipantsweartheirHalloweencostumes.Doyousupposepeoplewear__10__samecostumesallweeklong?语篇解读：你知道万圣节有首府吗？明尼苏达州的安诺卡自称为“世界的万圣节首府”。1．itself　宾语和主语指的是同一事物，故填itself。2．surprisingly　设空处修饰动词find，故填surprisingly。3．walking　cows与walk之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且walk所表示的动作正在进行，故填walking。4．totake　inanefforttodosth.意为“尽力做某事”。5．colourful　修饰名词activities需用形容词，故填colourful(丰富多彩的)。6．of　bemadeupof是固定搭配，意为“由……构成”。7．inspired　inspire与GrayGhost5KRun之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填inspired。8．whose　设空处引导定语从句修饰runner，且与figure之间是所属关系，故填whose。9．competitions　设空处作主语且由include可知，应用复数形式，故填competitions。10．the　same前通常加定冠词the。n