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LearningtoLearn一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1.nativeadj. 出生地的,本土的2.billionn.十亿3.varietyn.多样化,多样性4.bowvi.鞠躬;点头5.defeatvt.战胜,击败6.percentagen.百分比,百分率Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.existvi.存在,生存→existencen.存在,生存2.motivatevt.使有动机,促使,激发→motivationn.动力,诱因3.passerbyn.经过的人,过路人→passersbyn.(复数形式)4.techniquen.技术,技巧→technicaladj.(有)技术的;工艺的→techniciann.技术员,技师→technologyn.工艺学5.fluentlyadv.流利地→fluentadj.流畅的→fluencyn.流行,流畅1.achievementn.成就,完成[同义] accomplishmentn.成就,成绩;完成[词块] ①asenseofachievement成就感②makeachievementsin在……方面有成就2.billionn.十亿[联想] 其他相关数词①hundred百 ②thousand千③million百万3.bowvi.鞠躬;点头n.弓[词块] ①giveabow鞠躬②bowsb.in/out躬身迎入/送出③bowtosth.顺从某事物,接受某事物4.defeatvt.战胜,击败n.失败,击败[同义] beat;win5.fluentlyadv.流利地[联想] 后缀ly副词小结①fortunately/luckily幸运地 ②obviously显然地③elegantly优雅地二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.besimilarto 与……相似2.lookup抬头看;查阅3.breakup散(会);分开;拆散4.putoff推迟,拖延5.avarietyof种种,多种多样的1.nativespeaker/language 说母语的人/本国语,母语2.inthefuture未来3.atpresent目前,现在4.takeeveryopportunity(todo)利用一切机会(去做)n6.dealwith处理,对付7.indangerof有……的危险8.worksth.out解决;算出;计划9.pickup 拾起,捡起10.roundup使……聚拢起来5.ontheanniversary在周年纪念日6.standardEnglish标准英语7.inanexcellentsituation处于良好的状况8.internationalcommunication国际交流9.rightnow现在此刻10.makesense有意义,讲得通三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.ThemoreyouuseEnglish,themoreyouwillwanttolearnit.你英语用得越多,你就越想学。“the+比较级(+主语+谓语),the+比较级(+主语+谓语)”意思是“……越……,……就越……”。The_harderyouwork,the_greater_progressyou’llmake.你工作越努力,你取得的进步就越大。2.OneviewisthatEnglishisgoingtobecomeevenmoreimportantasagloballanguage...whilesomeotherlanguageswillbecomelessimportantorjustdisappear.有一种观点认为,作为全球通用语的英语会变得更加重要……然而其他一些语言会变得不那么重要或者会面临消失。while是并列连词,意为“然而,却”,连接两个并列分句,表示前后两种情况的对比。I’mgoodatplayingtabletennis,while_my_brother_is_good_at_playing_tennis.我擅长打乒乓球,而我弟弟擅长打网球。1.(教材P4)native(1)adj.本土的,出生地的benativeto... 原产于……nativeland/speaker/language故乡/说母语的人/母语①IbadlyneedtoimprovemyoralEnglish,soitisgreatformetofindanativespeakertolearnfrom.(2015·四川高考满分作文)我急需提高我的英语口语,因此对我来说能找到一位以英语为母语的人来学习真是太好了。②ThepandaisnativetoChina,whichlikeseatingbamboosverymuch.n大熊猫原产于中国,它非常喜欢吃竹子。(2)n.出生于某地的人,本地人,当地人③ThevisitorstherearenativesofRussia.那里的参观者是俄罗斯当地人。2.(教材P4)That’sabigachievement!那是一项大成就!achievementn.[U]达成,完成[C]成就,成绩(1)asenseofachievement 成就感makeachievementsin(doing)sth.在(做)某事方面取得成就(2)achievev.完成,达到,实现achievesuccess/victory取得成功/胜利achieveone’sgoal/purpose 达到目标/目的①IfeltagreatsenseofachievementwhenIreachedthetopofthemountain.当我到达山顶的时候,我有一种巨大的成就感。②WhileTomisasmartboy,hestillneedstoworkhardtoachieve_his_goal.尽管汤姆是个聪明的孩子,但他仍然需要努力工作才能实现目标。③ZhuZhiwen,agrassrootsinger,hasmadegreatachievements(achieve)inthelastfewyears.朱之文,一位草根明星,在过去的几年里取得了巨大的成绩。3.(教材P4)Don’tputitoff.Beginnow!不要拖延,现在就开始吧!putoff推迟;使延期①Ithasbecomeahabitforsomestudentstoputofftheirhomework.(2015·广东高考读写任务)对于一些学生来说,推迟做作业已经成为了一种习惯。②Thoughheisbusy,heneverputsoffvisiting_(visit)hisparents.尽管他很忙,但他从不推迟去探望父母。③Iwantthemeetingtobeheldontime.Don’tput_it_off.我想要会议按时举行,不要推迟。[名师点津] (1)putoff的宾语为代词时,应放在put与off之间,为名词或动名词时应放在off之后。(2)putoff=delay,后跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语,而不能跟不定式。nputup 举起;安装;张贴;建造,搭起;在……投宿putupwith忍受,容忍putout熄灭;关(灯);出版;生产putaside储存,保留;把……放在一边,暂不考虑putforward提出(理论、意见等)putaway把……收起;储存,积攒④Itmaynotbeagreatsuggestion.Butbeforeabetteroneisputforward,_we’llmakedowithit.这也许不是一个很好的建议,但在提出一个更好的建议之前,我们还是凑合着用吧。⑤Icanput_up_withthehousebeinguntidy,butIhateitifit’snotclean.房子里东西凌乱我能忍,但是如果它不干净那么我很讨厌它。4.(教材P5)Twothousandyearsago,Englishdidnotexist.2000年前,英语还不存在。existvi.存在,生存(1)existin... 存在于……existonsth.靠某物生存(2)existencen.存在,实有comeintoexistence=comeintobeing产生;成立①Aseveryoneknows,onecan’texistwithoutair.人尽皆知,没有空气人就不能生存。②Doyoubelieveintheexistenceofghosts?Perhapstheyonlyexistinsomepeople’simagination.你相信鬼魂的存在吗?或许它们只存在于一些人的想象里。③Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirstcame_into_existence.关于宇宙起初是如何产生的,科学家们有许多种说法。④Theworkerearnedlittlemoneyamonth,sohehadtoexistononlyfastnoodles.这个工人一个月挣的钱很少,因此他不得不仅靠方便面度日。[名师点津] exist是不及物动词,没有被动语态,也不用于进行时态。5.(教材P5)Atpresent,overhalftheworld’s6,500languagesareindangerofdisappearing.现在,世界上6500种语言中有一半以上正在消失。(1)atpresent目前,现在(=atthepresenttime)n①Atpresent/Atthepresenttime,moreandmorepeoplehaverealizedtheimportanceofalowcarbonlifestyle.现在,越来越多的人们已经意识到低碳生活方式的重要性了。(2)presentadj.目前的,现在的;出席的,到场的n.礼物;现在forthepresent 暂时,目前bepresentat出席,在席②I’vegotenoughmoneyfor_the_present,_butImustgotothebanktomorrow.我的钱暂时还够用,但我明天必须去银行取款。(3)presentv.赠送;呈现;陈述presentsb.withsth. 赠送/授予某人某物presentsth.to...捐赠某物给……③Hisfatherpromisedtopresenthimwithacomputerifhepassedtheexamination.=Hisfatherpromisedtopresentacomputer_to_himifhepassedtheexamination.他父亲承诺如果考试及格,就赠给他一台电脑。形象记忆[名师点津] 用present的形容词作定语时,如果表示“目前的”意思,常作前置定语;如果表示“出席的;在场的”意思,常用作后置定语。[语境串记] Thechairmanpresentedapresenttoallthepeoplepresentatthepartyandpresentedhisopinionsonthepresentsituation.在聚会上,主席向到场的每一个人都赠送了一份礼物,并针对目前的形势陈述了他的见解。6.(教材P5)AnotherviewisthatEnglishisalreadybreakingupintoseveralseparatelanguages.另一种观点是英语已经被分解成几种不同的语言。breakup分解,分裂;破裂,驱散breakdown (机器、车辆等)坏了,出故障;(精神等)崩溃,垮掉breakin插嘴,打岔breakinto强行进入;打断nbreakthrough冲破,突破breakout(战争、火灾等)突然发生或爆发breakoff中止,中断,打断①I’msurprisedtohearthatSueandPaulhavebrokenup.TheyseemedveryhappytogetherwhenIlastsawthem.听说苏和保罗分手了我很吃惊。我最后见到他们时他们看上去在一起很开心。②See,yourcomputerhasbrokendownagain!Itdoesn’tmakesensetobuythecheapestbrandofcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars.(2015·天津高考单选)看,你的电脑又坏了!只为省几美元买最便宜牌子的电脑是没有意义的。③Whenthefirebrokeout,_manypeoplewereshoppinginthesupermarket.当火灾发生时,很多人正在超市里购物。④MrAlbertbrokeoffspeakingtoanswerthetelephoneduringthespeech.阿尔伯特先生在演讲过程中中断了演讲去接电话。7.(教材P5)AlthoughdifferentvarietiesofEnglishwillcontinuetodeveloparoundtheworld,standardEnglishwillsurviveforinternationalcommunication.虽然不同种类的英语将继续在全世界发展,但是以国际交流为目的的标准英语仍将存在。varietyn.种类,品种;多样化,多样性(1)avarietyof 各种各样的varietiesof各种各样的(2)variousadj.不同的,各种各样的(3)varyv.改变,变更,修改varyfrom...to...由……到……不等varywith...随……变化/改变varyin...在……方面不同①Thereareawidevarietyofphonesforthecustomerstochoosefromintheshop.这家商店有许多种手机可供顾客选择。②Oneoftheadvantagesisthatwecanfinda_variety_of/varieties_of/varioustopics,suchasscience,cultureandhistory.(湖南高考书面表达)其中优势之一是我们能够找到各种主题,如:科学、文化、历史等。③However,opinionsonthismattervaryfrompersontoperson.然而,不同的人对这个问题持不同的观点。④Generallyspeaking,pricesoffruitandvegetablesoftenvarywiththeseason.一般来说,水果和蔬菜的价格常随季节而变化。n8.(教材P6)...andastheydefeatedthepeopleinEurope,theyspreadLatineverywhere.……当他们(罗马人)击败欧洲人后,他们到处传播拉丁语。defeatvt.战胜,击败n.战败;失败①Thoughhetriedseveraltimes,hesufferedaseriesofdefeats.尽管他尝试了多次,但得到的却是一连串的失败。②Thoughheadmittedhewas_defeated(defeat),yethedidn’tloseheart.尽管他承认被打败了,但他从来没有失去信心。[辨析比较] defeat/beat,windefeat/beatdefeat和beat是同义词,其宾语为“人”或“一个团体”,常可互换。defeat侧重在战场上打败敌人;在游戏或比赛中击败对手时beat与defeat可互换。winwin后接sth.,表示在较强的竞争中取得了胜利,宾语多用game,match,election,prize等词,不能是人。③We_defeated/beat_theminthegamelastSundayandfinallywewonthematch.我们上周日在比赛中打败了他们,最终我们赢得了比赛。1.ThemoreyouuseEnglish,themoreyouwillwanttolearnit.你英语用得越多,你就越想学。“themore...,themore...”属于“the+比较级(+主语+谓语),the+比较级(+主语+谓语)”句型,表示“越……就越……”。第一个“the+比较级(+主语+谓语)”相当于一个条件句,因此,要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。第二个“the+比较级...”相当于主句,表结果。①Themoreamanknows,themoreheisinclinedtobemodest.[谚语] 大智若愚。②Aseverybodyknows,thelazierapersonis,the_more_thingsheneedstodotomorrow.众所周知,一个人越懒,明天他需要做的事情就越多。③Themoreheeats,the_fatter(fat)hegets.他吃得越多就越胖。2.OneviewisthatEnglishisgoingtobecomeevenmoreimportantasagloballanguage,beingmostwidelyusedintradeandmediawhilesomeotherlanguageswillbecomelessimportantorjustdisappear.有一种观点认为,作为全球通用语的英语会变得更加重要,并在商界和传媒界应用最广泛,然而其他一些语言会变得不那么重要或者会面临消失。n句中的while是并列连词,意为“然而,却”,连接两个并列分句,表示前后两种情况的对比,其中beingmostwidelyusedintradeandmedia在第一个分句中作状语。①ItisbelievedthatChinesepeoplearelivingforothers,whiletheAmericansareforthemselves.普遍认为中国人为别人而活,而美国人为他们自己而活。while作连词时的其他用法:(1)从属连词,意为“当……时”,引导时间状语从句,从句谓语动词为延续性动词。②While(shewas)listeningtotheradio,shefellasleep.她听收音机时睡着了。(while引导时间状语从句)[名师点津] while引导时间状语从句时,当主从句的主语一致且含有be动词时,遵循“省略”原则,即把从句的主语和be动词省略。③Mydaughterislostinitlikeapianistwhileplaying(play)thepiano.当我女儿弹钢琴时,她总是陶醉于其中就像个钢琴家。(2)从属连词,意为“只要”,引导条件状语从句。④Wecansurelyovercomethesedifficultieswhilewearecloselyunited.只要我们紧密团结起来,我们肯定能战胜这些困难。(while引导条件状语从句)(3)从属连词,意为“尽管,虽然”,引导让步状语从句,从句常位于句首,相当于although或though。⑤WhiletheInternetisofgreatusetous,Idon’tthinkweshouldspendtoomuchtimeonit.尽管因特网对我们非常有用,我认为我们不应该花费太多的时间在它上面。(while引导让步状语从句)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Theroomisinamess.Itmusthavebeenbrokeninto.2.Having_been_defeated(defeat)threetimesinarow,theboxerdecidedtogiveupfighting.3.OnTeacher’sDay,mystudentspresentedmewithsomeflowers.4.Thesportsmeetingwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.5.Itisgenerallybelievedthattheharder(hard)youstudy,themoresuccessfulyouwillbe.6.Asisknowntous,Chinacameintoexistence(exist)asanindependentcountryin1949.7.Everyonearrivedlateatthepartyforavariety(vary)ofreasons.n8.ThescientistsinChinahavemadegreatachievements(achieve)inexploringthespace.9.Whilewatching(watch)television,weheardthedoorbellring.Ⅱ.完成句子1.Thestoreprovidescustomerswith_a_variety_of/varieties_of_goodseveryday.这家商店每天为顾客提供各种各样的商品。2.Weshallnotneedanymorefor_the_present.我们暂时不需要更多的东西了。3.Nooneknowswhensuchacustomfirstcame_into_existence.没有人知道这种风俗是什么时候开始有的。4.Mr.Jamesput_forward_a_good_solutiontotheproblematthemeeting.詹姆斯先生在会上提出了一个解决问题的好办法。5.Asweallknow,thegiantpandais_native_to_China.众所周知,大熊猫是中国特有的动物。6.Pullyourselftogether.Don’thaveanervousbreak_downonmenow.控制你的情绪,别让我紧张得快崩溃了。7.Iholdthefirmbeliefthatyouareboundtoachieve_your_dream_of_being_admitted_to_a_key_university,_whichwillgiveyou_a_wonderful_sense_of_achievement.我坚信你一定会实现被重点大学录取的梦想,这会给你一种巨大的成就感。8.Themorecarefulyouarewhile_writingacomposition,the_fewer_mistakes_you_will_make.当写作文的时候,你越细心,所犯的错误就越少。Ⅲ.阅读理解You’veprobablyneverheardofDr.JuneMcCarroll,butshe’strulyawomanwholefthermarkontheworld.BorninNebraska,shewasageneralpractitionerwholivedinCalifornia.Interestinglyenough,herfameliesoutsidetheworldofmedicine.Anaccidentgotherthinkingaboutmakingourhighwayssafer.Hercarwassideswiped(擦边),andshedeterminedtodosomethingaboutcarsthatcrowdedothersofftheroad.Drivingonaroadthatbulged(突起)downitscenter,Dr.McCarrollnoticedthatthebulgehelpedtokeepmotoristsontheirownsideoftheroad.Thatgaveheranidea.Shetriedpersuadingthelocalgovernmentto“paintalinedownthenmiddleoftheroad”tosetanexampleand“leadthenationinpublicsafety.”Shegotthetypicalbureaucratic(官僚的)response.However,shewassomeonewhowouldnottakenoforananswer.Soshetookherideatothelocalwomen’sclub.Thevotewasunanimous(无记名的)insupportoftheproject.Still,shecontinuedtofacebureaucraticstubbornness(固执)forsevenlongyearsbeforeherideawasputintopractice.In1924theCaliforniaHighwayCommissionagreedtoexperimentwithacenterlineontwosectionsofRoute99.Accidentsonbothteststretcheswerereducedgreatly,andsoontheentirestatemarkedMcCarrolllinesonitshighways.Mostoftheworldhassincefollowedsuit.Message:Whenyoubelieveinanidea,goafterthatidea,especiallyifpeopleyourespectbelieveit’sagoodone.语篇解读:本文是记叙文。Dr.JuneMcCarroll是第一个提出在高速公路的中央划分界线的人,她因为这个创意而闻名于世。1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.SafetyProblemsontheHighwayB.TheWomanWhoDrewtheLineC.AWomanWhoHadHerOwnMindD.HowtheHighwayWasMadeSafer解析:选B 标题归纳题。综合分析文章可知,Dr.JuneMcCarroll是第一个提出在高速公路的中央画分界线的人,因为她的这个创意,高速公路交通事故大大降低,故B项最能体现文章的中心。2.WhenDr.JuneMcCarrollfirstputforwardhersuggestion,thelocalgovernment________.A.didn’tsupportherB.heldanunanimousvoteC.askedthelocalwomen’sclubtoconsideritD.thoughtitwasworthtrying解析:选A 细节理解题。从文章第三段前两句可知,官员们没有理会她。3.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat________.A.Dr.JuneMcCarroll’sideaonlyworkedontwosectionsofRoute99B.acenterlineonthehighwayworkedaswellasthebulge C.Dr.JuneMcCarroll’sideaprovedtobequiteusefulD.onlythestateofCaliforniaacceptedDr.JuneMcCarroll’sidea n解析:选C 细节理解题。文章最后一段说明,在高速公路中央画线后,事故大大降低,其他国家纷纷效仿,因此C项正确。4.ThroughthestoryofDr.JuneMcCarroll,theauthorintendstotellus________.A.wecanbecomefamousoutsideourownfieldB.achancealwayswaitsforsomeonewhoiswellpreparedC.weshouldgoafterourownideanomatterwhatotherssayD.weshouldnevergiveupourideaifwebelieveinit.解析:选D 推理判断题。文章介绍Dr.JuneMcCarroll的提议虽然遭到官方的冷遇,但她从来没有放弃通过自己的努力最终获得成功。文章最后总结一旦你认为自己的想法是正确的就应该坚持、不放弃。因此D项符合作者的意图。Ⅳ.语法填空OnahotsummerdayIwastravelingdownthehighwaytoLosAngeles.Duringmytravelanotherdriversuddenlystartedmergingintomylane.Beinginthefarrightlane,mycar__1__(force)ontotheshoulderoftheroad.Beingaprofessionaldriver,Imanaged__2__(drive)mycarbackontothehighwaywithoutanaccident.WhileIwasn’tveryhappywiththepersonforcuttingmeoff,Iconsideredit__3__honestmistake.Adriverlostinagooddaydream.Itcertainlycouldnot__4__(be)afriendlyact.Thecar__5__(speed)awayaftercuttingmeoffandsoonwasoutofsight.Afterawhile,Ifoundthesamedriveronthesideoftheroad.Hewasanoldgentlemanwhowaswalkingalongthesideoftheroadonthishotday.Withnocallboxinsightandthe__6__(near)servicesbeingatleasttwentymilesaway,Idecidedtostopandseewhattheproblemwas. Theman’scarhadaflattireand__7__hehadasparetire,hehadnoinstrument.Idecidedtohelphim__8__changinghistireforhimandallowedhimtositinmyairconditionedcarwhileIchangedhistire.Fifteenminutes__9__(late),Iwashot,sweatyanddirty,butI__10__feelgood.1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________9.________ 10.________语篇解读:作者开车去洛杉矶的途中,看到有人超车并险些酿成一起车祸。但是后来作者发现这名司机的车爆胎了,于是停车帮了他一把。1.wasforced 句意:我的车行驶在最右边的车道上,因此被迫撞上了路肩。beforcedntodosth.“被迫做某事”。2.todrive 句意:作为一名专业的司机,我成功地把车重新开到了高速路上,没有酿成车祸。managetodosth.“成功做某事”。3.an 此处为泛指,故用不定冠词,且honest的发音为元音音素开头,故用an。4.havebeen 句意:这肯定不是一种友好的行为。此处表示对过去事情的推测,且为否定,应该用“couldn’thavedone”结构,意为“肯定没有做过某事”。5.sped 句意:这辆车超车后加速离开了,很快就不见了踪迹。根据语境可知,此处用一般过去时态。6.nearest 句意:视线内没有公用电话亭,最近的服务站至少有20英里远,我决定停下车来看看出什么事情了。near近的,nearest为最高级,意为“最近的”,符合语境。7.while/although/though 句意:这个人的车爆胎了,虽然他有备胎,但是他没有工具。设空处引导让步状语从句,while,although和though均可引导让步状语从句。8.by 句意:我决定帮他一把,为他换轮胎……。设空处表示方式,介词by符合语境。9.later late“迟的,晚的”;later“随后,以后,后来”;fifteenminuteslater“15分钟以后”。10.did 设空处后为动词原形而不是过去式,由此可推断出此处用助动词对谓语动词进行强调,根据全文用一般过去时态可知用did。