2020版高考英语unit1manandnaturaldisasters阅读理解组块专练——练速度（含解析） 9页

Unit1ManandNaturalDisasters阅读理解组块专练——练速度(限时：35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A4HAdultvolunteersareneededtoservePinellasCountyyouth,aged8to12.Theprograminvolvesgivingonehouraweektoleadthekidsthroughfunlearningexperiences.Training,materialandsupportareprovided.Days,timesandlocationsaretailoredtoeachvolunteer’sneeds.AbackgroundcheckisrequiredandtrainingwillbeofferedinAugustandSeptember.Formoreinformation,callKarenSaleyat7275822411.AmericanRedCrossDisasterActionTeamsActiveorretirednurseswithRNorLPNlicensesareneededtoserveasvolunteersonDisasterActionTeams,providingmedicalhelptovictimsoffires,floods,hurricanesandothernaturaldisasters.FordetailsaboutbecomingaRedCrossnursevolunteer,contact(联系)KippHollowayat8133484820,orbyemailto:Holloway@tampabay.redcross.org.BeachmonitorsDr.Beachisseeking“beachmonitors”tokeepwatchonthecoastline.Dr.Beachneedsvolunteerstomeasurebeacherosion(侵蚀),testforredtideandripcurrents.Volunteerswillgettrainingandequipmentandwillbeaskedtovolunteerfor10to15minutestwiceaweek.TheprojectisrunbytheLaboratoryforCoastalResearchatFloridaInternationalUniversity.CallPatriciaHouleat3053486304oremailpatricia.houle@fiu.edu.HavenofRCSTheHavenofRCSisinneedofvolunteerstoassistvictimsofdomestic(家庭的)violence.Peoplewhoarebilingual(双语的)/Spanishspeakersareespeciallyneeded.Therearemanyvariedopportunitiesforvolunteers,includinglegalsupport.Thegrouprequiresitsvolunteerstoattendtrainingthreehoursforfourevenings.Noexperienceisrequired.AvailableHours:MondayFriday9am－5pmnContactRachelThurberat7275843528,oremailrachel.thurber@RCSpinellas.org.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章提供了四则招聘志愿者的广告。1．Whichofthefollowingneedsvolunteerswithprofessionalcertificates?A．4H.　　　　　　　　　B．Dr.Beach.C．HavenofRCS.D．DisasterActionTeams.解析：选D　细节理解题。根据“AmericanRedCrossDisasterActionTeams”部分的“ActiveorretirednurseswithRNorLPNlicensesareneededtoserveasvolunteersonDisasterActionTeams”可知，“DisasterActionTeams”需要专业证书，故选D项。2．Whichnumbershouldyoucallifyouwanttodocoastalresearch?A．3053486304.B．7275822411.C．7275843528.D．8133484820.解析：选A　细节理解题。根据“Beachmonitors”部分的“Dr.Beachneedsvolunteerstomeasurebeacherosion(侵蚀),testforredtideandripcurrents.”和“CallPatriciaHouleat3053486304”可知，如果你想做海岸研究，去测量海难侵蚀等，那么就拨打“3053486304”。故选A项。3．WhocouldgethelpfromtheHavenofRCS?A．Aboywhoisthreatenedatschool.B．Abusinessmanwhoneedslegalsupport.C．Awomanphysicallyinjuredbyherhusband.D．AgirllearningSpanishasaforeignlanguage.解析：选C　推理判断题。根据“HavenofRCS”部分的“inneedofvolunteerstoassistvictimsofdomestic(家庭的)violence”可知，这一组织的帮助对象是那些遭受家庭暴力的人，故一位被丈夫打伤的妇女有可能会得到他们的帮助。故选C项。BIhadbeenbackinEnglandforthreemonthsandwasfedupwithit.Theweathermademefeelill,thetalkoftheordinaryEnglishmanmademesick,Icouldn’tgetenoughexerciseandtheentertainmentinLondonseemedflat.’RichardHannay，’Ikepttellingmyself,‘you_have_got_into_the_wrong_ditch_(沟渠),_my_friend_and_you_had_better_climb_out.’ItmademebitemylipstothinkoftheplansI’dmadeduringthoselastyearsinBulawayo.Ihadgotmyinheritance(遗产)andfiguredoutallkindsofwaysofenjoyingmyself.MyfatherhadbroughtmeouttoSouthAfricafromScotlandattheageofsixandIhadneverbeenhomesince,soEnglandwaslikeanadventuretomenandIexpectedtostoptherefortherestofmydays.ButfromthefirstIwasdisappointedwithit.InaboutaweekIwastiredofseeingthesightsandinlessthanamonthIhadhadenoughofrestaurantsandtheatres.Ihadnorealfriendtogoaboutwith,whichprobablyexplainsthings.AlotofpeopleaskedmetomeetschoolmastersfromNewZealand,andthatwasthemostboringbusinessofall.HerewasI,thirtysevenyearsold,ingoodhealth,withenoughmoneytohaveagoodtime,yawningmyheadoffallday.ThatnightwasfineandclearasIwalkedbacktotheflatIhadhirednearPortlandPlace.Thecrowdpassedmeonthepavements,busyandchattering(喋喋不休),andIenviedthepeopleforhavingsomethingtodo.IgaveacointoabeggarbecauseIsawhimyawn;hewasafellowsufferer.AtOxfordCircusIlookedupintothespringskyandImadeavow(誓言)．IwouldgiveEnglandanotherdaytocomeupwithsomething,ifnothinghappened,Iwouldtakethenextboattoleave.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。继承了大笔遗产的作者打算回英国定居，但住了没多久，英国的生活就让他倍感无趣。4．Whatdidtheauthormeanbysayingtheunderlinedpart?A．Hisfriendwasintrouble.B．HewantedtoleaveEngland.C．Hisfriendhadmadeamistake.D．HeadvisedhisfriendtoleaveLondon.解析：选B　句意理解题。根据第一段中作者在英国的感受“fedup,ill,sick”等可以推知，他想离开这个地方。在画线部分中，作者用“wrongditch(沟渠)”来比喻英国。5．Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor?A．HewasonbusinessinNewZealand.B．HewasenjoyinghislifeinSouthAfrica.C．HehadbeenplanningtosettledowninEngland.D．HehadlivedinScotlandformostofhischildhood.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“plansI’dmade”和“EnglandwaslikeanadventuretomeandIexpectedtostoptherefortherestofmydays”可知，作者本打算在英国定居，度过余生。6．WhatdidtheauthorsayabouthisfirstfewweeksinEngland?A．Hisbusinesswassuffering.B．Hecouldn’tgetusedtothefoodthere.C．Thereweren’tenoughplacesforhimtovisit.nD．Havingafriendtherewouldhavemadetheexperiencebetter.解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Ihadnorealfriendtogoaboutwith,whichprobablyexplainsthings.”可以推知，作者认为，如果有好朋友在身边，那么他在英国的经历会比现在好很多。7．Whydidtheauthorseethebeggaras“afellowsufferer”？A．Theywerebothsick.B．Theywerebothbored.C．Neitherofthemhadajob.D．Neitherofthemhadafriend.解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“yawningmyheadoffallday”和第四段中的“Isawhimyawn”可以推知，这个乞丐和作者一样，对目前的生活感到很无聊。CChinesescientistshaveclonedmonkeysusingthesametechniqueusedincloningDollythesheeptwodecadesago,breakingatechnicalbarriertothedoortocopyinghumans.ZhongZhongandHuaHua,twolongtailedmacaques(猕猴),areexactlythesame.Theywereborneightandsixweeksago,makingthemthefirstprimates(灵长目动物)tobecloned,whichincludemonkeys,apesandhumans.Itwasachievedthroughaprocesscalledsomaticcellnucleartransfer(SCNT)．ResearchersattheChineseAcademyofSciencesInstituteofNeuroscienceinShanghaisaidtheirworkshouldbeacontributiontomedicalresearchbymakingitpossibletostudydiseasesinpopulationsofclonedmonkeys.Butitalsobringsthepossibilityofcloningtothedoorstepofourownspecies(物种)．“Humansareprimates.Soforthecloningofprimatespecies,includinghumans,thetechnicalbarrierisnowbroken，”MumingPoo,whohelpeddirecttheprogram,toldreportersinaconferencecall.“Thereasonwhywebrokethisbarrieristoproduceanimalmodelsthatareusefulformedicine,forhumanhealth.Thereisnointentiontoapplythismethodtohumans.”SinceDollywasborninScotlandin1996,scientistshavesuccessfullyusedSCNTtoclonemorethan20otherspecies,includingcows,pigs,dogs,rabbits,catsandmice.Similarworkonprimates,however,hadalwaysfailed,leadingsomeexpertstowonderifprimateswereresistant.nThenewresearch,publishedonWednesdayinthejournalCell,showsthatisnotthecase.TheChineseteamsucceeded,aftermanyattempts,byswitchingonoroffcertaingenesthatwereconcernedwithembryo(胚胎)development.语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。2018年1月25日两只克隆猴登上国际权威学术杂志《细胞》，克隆猴“中中”和“华华”在中国诞生。中国科学家成功克隆猴子，在克隆领域取得重大突破。8．Whyisitabigbreakthroughtohavemonkeyscloned?A．Itismoredifficulttoclonemonkeysthanotherspecies.B．Moreadvancedtechniqueshavebeenusedintheprocess.C．Cloningmonkeysmakesitfarmorelikelytoclonehumans.D．MonkeysarethefirstspeciestobeclonedafterDollythesheep.解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第一段的“breakingatechnicalbarriertothedoortocopyinghumans”，第三段最后一句和第四段第一、二句可知，中国科学家克隆出灵长目动物使得克隆人类成为可能。9．What’stheaimoftheirnewresearchaccordingtoChineseresearchers?A．Tolearnmoreaboutprimates.B．Tocontributetomedicine.C．Tohelprareanimalssurvive.D．Toprepareforcloninghumans.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段的“Thereasonwhywebrokethisbarrieris...applythismethodtohumans.”可知，中国科学家克隆猴子的目的是让这一技术更好地服务于医学和人类健康。10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Primatescan’tbeclonedatall.B．Dollythesheepcan’tbeclonedagain.C．Researchonprimatesfailedmanytimes.D．Scientistshaveclonedmanyspecies.解析：选A　代词指代题。此处that指上一段中所说的“由于克隆灵长目动物的多次失败，导致部分科学家怀疑灵长目动物是不能被克隆的”这一说法。11．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．MorespecieswillbeclonedinthefutureB．AnimalmodelsareusefulforhumanhealthC．NewfindingsaboutprimatesarequiteunexpectedD．Chinesescientistsbreakakeybarrierbycloningmonkeysn解析：选D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，中国科学家成功克隆了猴子，在克隆领域取得重大突破，这将为人类医学做出更大的贡献。DPasswordfatigue(疲劳)isthefeelingexperiencedbymanypeoplewhoarerequiredtorememberanincreasingnumberofpasswordsaspartoftheirdailyroutine,suchastologontoacomputeratwork,undoabicyclelockorconductbankingbusinessesatanATM.TheincreasingimportanceofinformationtechnologyandtheInternetinemployment,finance,recreationandotheraspectsofpeople’slives,andthefollowingintroductionofsecuredealtechnology,haveledtopeopleaccumulatingasuddenincreaseinaccountsandpasswords.AccordingtoasurveyoftheBritishonlinesecurityconsultantNTAMonitor,thetypicalregularcomputeruserhas21accountsthatrequireapassword.Otherthingscausingpasswordfatigueare:demandsthatausercreateanewpasswordthatusesparticularpatternofletters,numbersandspecialcharacters;demandsthattheusertypethenewpasswordtwice;blindtyping—bothwhenrespondingtoapasswordimmediatelyandwhensettinganewpassword.Asidefromcontributingtostress,passwordfatiguemayencouragepeopletoadopthabitsthatreducethesecurityoftheirprotectedinformation.Forexample,anaccountholdermightusethesamepasswordforseveraldifferentaccounts,anddeliberatelychooseeasytorememberpasswordsthataremorelikelytobesolved,orrelyonwrittenrecordsoftheirpasswords.Passwordfatiguewilltypicallyaffectusers,butcanalsoaffecttechnicaldepartmentswhomanageuseraccountsastheyareconstantlyresettingpasswords.Thissituationendsuploweringconfidenceandenthusiasminbothcases.Somecompaniesarewellorganizedinthisrespect,andhaveemployedalternativemethodsoradoptedtechnologiessothatauser’scertificatesareenteredautomatically,butothersmaynotfocusoneaseofuseorevenworsenthesituationbyconstantlycarryingoutnewapplicationswiththeirowncertificationsystem.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了密码疲劳问题，其中包括原因、影响和应对策略。12．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?A．Reasonsforpasswordfatigue.nB．Definitionofpasswordfatigue.C．RolesoftheInternetindailylife.D．Asurveyonregularcomputerusers.解析：选A　段落大意题。根据第二段整体内容和第三段第一句中的“Otherthingscausingpasswordfatigueare”可知，第二段主要讲的是引起密码疲劳的原因，故选A项。13．Whatmaypasswordfatiguecausepeopletodo?A．Tochoosecomplexpasswords.B．Toimprovetheirmemory.C．Tousethesamepasswords.D．Tolearnpasswordsbyheart.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的“Forexample,anaccountholdermightusethesamepasswordforseveraldifferentaccounts”可知，密码疲劳可能会导致人们用同一个密码，故选C项。14．Whatcanweinferaboutpasswordfatigue?A．Itmaycreatenewaccounts.B．Itcanbefinallysolvedinthefuture.C．Itcanencourageaccountholders.D．Itwillcontinuetoexistforever.解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段的整体内容可推知，密码疲劳这一问题还是可以解决的，故选B项。15．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthetext?(P＝Paragraph)解析：选D　推理判断题。根据全文的整体内容可知，第一段讲密码疲劳的定义，第二段和第三段都是引起密码疲劳的原因，第四段和第五段是密码疲劳的影响，最后一段是应对策略，由此可推知，符合本文结构的是D项。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Lowemotionalquotient(EQ)hasaninfluenceonawidevarietyofsocialrelationships.HerearesixoftheclassicsignsoflowEQ：•Gettingintolotsofarguments.__1__BecauselowEQindividualsstruggletounderstandtheemotionsofothers,ntheyoftenfindthemselvesarguingwithoutconsideringhowothersarefeeling.•Thinkingthatotherpeopleareoverlysensitive.PeoplewhoarelowinEQmightcrackoffjokesatinappropriatetimes.__2__Whenotherpeoplereacttosuchoutoflinejokes,thelowEQindividualmayfeellikeothersaresimplybeingtoosensitive.•Blamingothersformistakes.__3__Whenthingsgowrong,theirfirstinstinctistoblameothers.Theymightsuggestthattheyhadnootherchoiceforwhattheydidandthatotherpeoplesimplydonotunderstandtheirsituation.Thistendencytonottakeresponsibilityoftenleavesthemfeelingbitterandvictimized.•Aninabilitytocopewithemotionallychargedsituations.__4__Theseindividualswilloftenwalkawayfromsuchsituationstoavoidhavingtodealwiththeemotionalfallout.Hidingtheirtrueemotionsfromothersisalsoverycommon.•__5__LowEQindividualsoftenstruggletounderstandandcontroltheiremotions.Theymighthaveunexpectedemotionaloutburststhatseemoverblownanduncontrollable.•Lackofempathy(同感)．BecausepeoplewithlowEQdonotunderstandtheemotionsofothers,theyexperiencelittleempathyforotherpeople.Theydonotgetwhatothersarefeeling,soitisimpossibleforthemtoplacethemselvesinanotherperson’sshoes.A．Suddenemotionaloutbursts.B．Beabletocontroltheiremotions.C．LowEQindividualsrefusedtolistentootherpointsofview.D．Forexample,theymightmakeajokerightafteratragicevent.E．StrongemotionsaredifficulttocomprehendforthosewithlowEQ.F．LowEQindividualshavelittleinsightintohowtheirownemotionsmightleadtoproblems.G．Friends,familyandevenrandomstrangersfindthemselvesinvolvedindisputeswiththeseargumentativeindividuals.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。低情商的一些典型特征是什么？请看本文介绍。1．选G　G项中的“involvedindisputeswiththeseargumentativeindividuals”与小标题“Gettingintolotsofarguments.”相呼应。n2．选D　D项承接前一句，具体举例说明低情商的人会开一些不合时宜的玩笑。3．选F　根据小标题可知，低情商的人常常把错误归咎于他人，F项说明低情商的人不知道自己的情感如何导致错误的发生，与小标题相呼应。4．选E　E项说明低情商的人很难理解强烈的情感，与小标题“Aninabilitytocopewithemotionallychargedsituations.”相呼应。5．选A　根据设空后的“struggletounderstandandcontroltheiremotions”以及“unexpectedemotionaloutbursts”可知，A作小标题最佳。