2019年高中英语unit1greatscientistssectionⅲgrammar_过去分词作定语和表语教案（含解析） 8页

SectionⅢGrammar—过去分词作定语和表语语法图解探究发现①Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.②Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.③Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.④Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffectedpersondied.⑤Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.⑥HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.⑦HeimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandlefromthepumpsothatitcouldnotbeused.⑧WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthegerms.[我的发现](1)例句①②④⑥⑦⑧中的过去分词(短语)作定语。(2)例句②④⑦⑧中为单个的过去分词作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的前面；例句①⑥中过去分词短语作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的后面。(3)例句③⑤中的过去分词在句中作表语。一、过去分词作定语1．过去分词作定语时的位置(1)前置定语一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。nThepollutedwaterwastoblameforthespreadofcholera.被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。Therecoveredanimalswillbereleasedsoon.痊愈的动物会很快被释放。[名师点津]　①有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的),given(所给的),concerned(有关的)等。Therearefewtigersleft.Itistimeforthedepartmentsconcernedtotakemeasurestoprotectthemfromdyingout.剩余的老虎不多了，是相关当局采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。②如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。Isthereanythingunsolved?还有什么没解决的吗？(2)后置定语过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。LastTuesdayinamountainousarea,therewereatotalof173sheepkilledalmostimmediately(＝whichwerekilledalmostimmediately)whenlightningstruck.上周二在一个山区，当雷击发生时有173只羊即刻被雷电击死。[即时演练1](1)用所给词的适当形式填空①(2017·北京高考改编)Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytimespent(spend)withhisstudents.②(2016·浙江高考改编)Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I’dlikeyoutolookatastudyconducted(conduct)inAustraliain2012.③(2015·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)built(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.(2)同义句转换①Heisateacherlovedbyhisstudents.→Heisateacherwho_is_loved_by_his_students.②Thegirl,whowasbroughtupbyheruncle,hasbeguntoworknow.→Thegirl,brought_up_by_her_uncle,_hasbeguntoworknow.2．过去分词作定语时的意义n(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。Trucksandbusesweredrivenongascarriedinlargebagsontheroof.(表示被动)卡车与公共汽车皆烧煤气，煤气装在车顶上的大袋中。Theplanputforwardatthemeetingwillbecarriedoutsoon.(表示被动和完成)会上提出的计划将很快被执行。(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。Ourretiredsoccercoachwenttowatchusplayagamelastweek.上周我们已退休的足球教练去看我们打了一场比赛。Therisensunisshiningbrightlyinthemorning.早上已升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀。[即时演练2]　选择填空过去分词作定语有三种情况：A．只表示被动　B．只表示完成　C．既表示被动又表示完成请判断下列句子中加黑部分属于哪种情况①Americaisadevelopedcountry.__B__②IfoundithardtounderstandtheEnglishspokenbythenativevillagers.__A__③Isthereanythingplannedfortheweekend？__C__3．过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别意义形式　　语态时态过去分词被动完成现在分词主动进行Asweallknow,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。Thevisitorcamefromadevelopedcountry.这位游客来自于一个发达国家。[即时演练3]　用分词作定语补全句子①Eventhoughitisstillinsummer,therearemany_fallen_leavesontheground.尽管仍是夏天，但地上有很多的落叶。②Nowadaystherearealotofmanmadesatellitesflying_in_space.n如今在太空中有许许多多人造卫星在飞行。4．过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(beingdone)与动词不定式的被动语态(tobedone)作定语的区别意义形式　　　语态时态done被动完成beingdone被动进行tobedone被动尚未发生Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourclassroombuilding.去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisourclassroombuilding.现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。Thebuildingtobebuiltnextmonthisourclassroombuilding.下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。[即时演练4]　用所给词的适当形式填空①Thecarsbeing_sold(sell)atthemarketnowaremadeinGuangzhou.②TsinghuaUniversity,founded(found)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.③(2014·北京高考改编)Therearestillmanyproblemsto_be_solved(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.二、过去分词作表语1．过去分词作表语的用法过去分词可放在连系动词be,get,feel,remain,seem,look,become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter.看完信后，他显得很忧虑。Whenweheardofit,weweredeeplymoved.当我们听到这件事时，被深深地感动了。[即时演练5](1)用所给词的适当形式填空①(2016·浙江高考改编)—Areyousureyou’rereadyforthetest?—Noproblem.I’mwellprepared(prepare)forit.②(2014·广东高考语法填空)Wegotalittlesunburned/sunburnt_(sunburn),butnthedayhadbeensorelaxingthatwedidn’tmind.③(2014·安徽高考改编)Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytogetpromoted(promote),Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.(2)补全句子①Whydoyoualwayslook_tired?你为什么总是看上去很疲劳？②Iwas_disappointedatthefilmIsawlastnight.Ihadexpectedittobebetter.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。2．过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。Thecupisbroken.杯子破了。(系表结构)ThecupwasbrokenbyTom.杯子是汤姆打破的。(被动语态)[即时演练6]　对比翻译①这本书写得很好。The_book_is_well_written.②这本书是他去年写的。The_book_was_written_by_him_last_year.3．感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词有：　Weweresurprisedatwhathesaidatthemeeting.n我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。Hiswordswerediscouraging,whichmademanypeoplediscouraged.他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。[即时演练7]　用所给词的适当形式填空①Thefrightenedlookonherfacesuggestedthatshewasfrightenedbythefrighteningscene.(frighten)②Thenewswasexcitingandtheywereallexcitedatit.(excite)③Weallfeltencouragedattheencouragingnews.(encourage)④Theaudiencewereallmovedtotearsbythemovingfilm.(move)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2015·北京高考改编)Theparkwasfullofpeople,enjoying(enjoy)themselvesinthesunshine.2．(2014·浙江高考改编)AmieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurseappointed(appoint)toguardher.3．(2014·重庆高考改编)Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecamerasreturned(return)toourshopforqualityproblems.4．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousanddisappointed(disappoint).5．(2014·福建高考改编)Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstayingconnected(connect).6．(2013·湖南高考改编)Youcannotacceptanopinionoffered(offer)toyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.7．Ifyougetlost(lose)inastrangeplace,you’dbetternotmoveandwaitforhelpthere.8．Thepuzzledexpressiononhisfaceshowedthatthequestionwaspuzzling.(puzzle)9．Thestudentlikesreadingstorieswritten(write)bythefamouswriter.10．Manyused(use)computerswillbesoldinthismarket.Ⅱ.单句写作1．(2017·天津高考书面表达)In_order_to/To_be_a_qualified_volunteer,_IhavetoimprovemyselfbyreadingsomebooksaboutTianjinsoastoknowmoreaboutit.为了成为一名合格的志愿者，我不得不阅读一些关于天津的书籍来了解更多的相关信息以提高自己。n2．(2015·福建高考书面表达)Themoralofthestoryis:sparenoefforttoacquireknowledgeandnever_get_discouraged_easilynomatterhowdifficultthesituationmaybe.故事的寓意是：尽最大努力获取知识，不管情况多么艰难，都不要轻易失去信心。3．(2015·北京高考书面表达)If_you_are_interested_in_it,_letmeknowandI’llsendyoumoreinformation.如果你对此感兴趣，请告知我，我会给你发送更多信息。4．(2014·湖南高考书面表达)Soexcited_was_IthatIcouldn’twaittotrywearingthem.我太激动了，迫不及待地想穿上它们。5．(2014·陕西高考书面表达)Weare/feel_honouredtohaveyouhereinthemiddleofourEnglishWeekActivities.您能来参加我们的英语周活动，我们深感荣幸。6．Withreferencetoyour_advertised_position,_IhavethepleasuretosaythatIamthejustpersonyouareaskingfor.关于您做广告的职位，我很高兴地说，我就是那个您要找的人。7．Asforthephenomenonmentioned_above,_somepeoplesupportitwhileothersdonot.关于上文提到的现象，有些人支持，而有些人反对。8．Theplayersselected_from_the_whole_countryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.人们期待这些选自全国的运动员在夏季比赛中能给我们带来荣耀。Ⅲ.语法填空Amottoisasentenceoraphrase__1__caninspireusespeciallywhenweare__2__(face)withdifficulties.Manyofushavemottoes,suchas“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”or“Nothingisdifficultifyouputyourheartintoit.”andsoon.Mymottois“Godhelpsthosewhohelp__3__.”SometimesIamlazyanddon’twanttomakeefforts__4__(work)hard,__5__themomentIthinkofmymottoIwillgetenergeticagainanddevotemyself__6__whatIamdoing.Iwritemymotto__7__Icanseeiteasily.EverytimeIfailinmyexamandbegintoloseheart,mymottoinspiresmewithmuch__8__(confident).Mymottoalsomakesmebecome__9__independentperson.Thatistosay,Iwon’trelyonotherseasily.Myfriends,whatisyourmotto?Ifyoustillhaven’tgotamotto,pleasechooseonebecauseamottocanhaveagreateffect__10__you.n答案：1.that/which　2.faced　3.themselves　4.towork　5.but　6.to　7.where　8.confidence　9.an　10.on