2019年高中英语unit2englisharoundtheworldsectionⅱwarmingup 14页

SectionⅡWarmingUp&Reading-LanguagePoints一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1.elevatorn．　　　电梯；升降机2.nativeadj.本国的；本地的n.本地人；本国人3.apartmentn.〈美〉公寓住宅；单元住宅4.vocabularyn.词汇；词汇量；词表5.spellingn.拼写；拼法Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.basevt.以……为根据n．基部；基地；基础→basicadj.基本的；基础的2.gradualadj.逐渐的；逐步的→graduallyadv.逐渐地；逐步地3.enrichvt.使富裕；充实；改善→richadj.富有的4.latteradj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的→latestadj.最近的；最新的→lateradj.后期的→latelyadv.近来；最近→lateadj.迟的；晚的5.identityn．本身；本体；身份→identifyv．认出；鉴定6.fluentadj.流利的；流畅的→fluentlyadv.流利地；流畅地→fluencyn．流利；流畅7.frequentadj.频繁的；常见的→frequentlyadv.常常；频繁地1.同义词(英美英语)①petrol→gasn．　　　　　　汽油②flat→apartmentn.公寓③lift→elevatorn.电梯④underground→subwayn.地铁⑤picture→movien.电影⑥rubber→erasern.橡皮2.反义词①latteradj.后者的②formeradj.前者的3.转化法(n.→v.)①basen．基部；基地；基础→vt.以……为基础②blockn．街区；块；木块；石块→v.阻塞③commandn．命令；指令；掌握→vt.命令；指令；掌握④requestn．请求；要求→vt.请求；要求4.派生法(v.＋ing→n.)①spell→spellingn.拼写②write→writingn.写作；书写③listen→listeningn.听④read→readingn.读⑤feel→feelingn.感情二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.because_of　　　　　　　因为；由于2．come_up走近；上来；被提出3．at_present目前；现在1.in/onateam　　　　　　　　　在球队2．anofficiallanguage一门官方语言3．attheendofthe16thcentury在16n4．make_use_of利用；使用5．such_as例如……；像这种的6．be_based_on以……为基础7．more_than超过；多于8．be_different_from与……不同9．communicate_with和……交流10．a_number_of大量的；许多世纪末4．makevoyages/avoyage航海5．nativeEnglishspeakers以英语为母语的人6．enrichtheEnglishlanguage丰富了英语这门语言7．awidervocabulary更大的词汇量8．asaforeignorsecondlanguage作为一门外语或第二语言n三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.WhynotgobyUnderground?为什么不乘坐地铁去呢？Whynot...？“为什么不……？”表示向别人提出建议。Why_not_baseyourideaonthetruth?为什么不把你的想法建立在事实的基础上呢？2.NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon'tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。evenif＝eventhough引导让步状语从句，意为“即使；尽管”。Even_if/though_I_am_busy_with_my_lessons,_Ihavemanagedtofindtimetohangoutwithmyfriends.(2017·天津高考书面表达)尽管我忙于功课，我还是设法挤出时间和朋友们在一起。3.ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。more...than...与其说……倒不如说……。Inmyopinion,heismore_lucky_than_clever.依我看来，与其说他聪明倒不如说他幸运。1．(教材P9)Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.后来，在17世纪，英国人开始出海远航以征服世界其他地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语。becauseof因为；由于①Wehavemadesuchgreatprogressbecauseofyourhelp.由于你的帮助，我们才取得这么大的进步。(1)becauseof是介词短语，后接名词、代词、动名词或what引导的宾语从句。(2)because是从属连词，引导原因状语从句。②Thesportsmeetinghadtobeputoffbecauseoftheheavyrain.＝Thesportsmeetinghadtobeputoffbecauseitrainedheavily.n由于下大雨，运动会不得不延期举行。③Shedidn'tcometothepartybecause_ofwhatyouhadsaid.因为你所说的话，她没来参加这个聚会。2．(教材P10)NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon'tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。nativeadj.本国的；本地的n．本地人；本国人(1)one'snativecountry/land/language某人的祖国/故乡/母语benativeto原产于……(2)beanativeof...……的人；生长于……的动物或植物①Asamatteroffact,Frenchisnotmynativelanguage.事实上，法语不是我的母语。②IsheruncleanativeofShanghai,orjustavisitor?她叔叔是上海本地人，还是只是一名游客？③TheresearchersaysthetigerisnativetoIndia.研究人员说这种虎产于印度。3．(教材P10)I'dliketocomeuptoyourapartment.我很乐意到你的公寓去。comeup走近；上来；被提出；发生；发芽；(太阳、月亮等)升起写出下列句中comeup的含义①Aforeignercameuptomeandaskedthewaytothestation.走近②Inordertofinishthetaskontime,agoodpieceofadvicecameupatthemeeting.被提出③Whenthemooncameup,theyoungpeoplebegantheircelebration.升起④I'lllethimknowifanythingcomesup.发生[名师点津]　comeup作“被提出；被谈到”讲时为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态；comeupwith“提出；想出”，其主语为该动作的发出者，宾语为表示“建议、计划、方案等”的名词。试比较：⑤Agoodwaytosettletheproblemcameupatthemeeting.在会上提出了一个解决这个问题的好办法。⑥Theycameupwithagoodwaytosettletheproblematthemeeting.在会上他们提出了一个解决这个问题的好办法。4．(教材P10)Actuallyalllanguageschangeanddevelopwhenculturesmeetandncommunicatewitheachother.事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所变化、有所发展。actuallyadv.实际上；事实上infact＝asamatteroffact　实际上；事实上①Helookedcalm,butactuallyhewasverynervous.他看起来很镇定，但实际上却非常紧张。②Asamatteroffact/Infact,Idon'tknowthetruth.事实上，我不知道事情的真相。5．(教材P10)ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。basevt.以……为根据/基础；基于n.基部；基地；基础(1)base...on...　　以……为……的基础bebasedon/upon以……为基础/依据(2)basicadj.基本的；基础的①Oneshouldalwaysbasehisopiniononfacts.一个人应该始终以事实为依据发表自己的观点。②Inmydiary,Isetdownaseriesofthingsthatareallbasedon/uponfacts.在我的日记里，我记下了一系列有事实根据的事情。③Based(base)onatruestory,thefilmisverypopular.以一个真实的故事为基础，这部电影非常受欢迎。atpresent现在；目前(1)atthepresenttime(＝atpresent)　　目前；现在forthepresent目前；暂时(2)bepresentat出席①I'mgettingalongwellwithmynewclassmatesatpresent.目前，我与我的新同学相处愉快。②Hedoesn'tknowhowtodealwiththedifficultsituationfor_the_present.暂时他不知道该怎样应对困难的局势。③Allthepeople(who_were)_present_atthemeetingweremovedbyhisstory.所有出席会议的人都被他的故事打动了。6．(教材P10)Sobythe1600'sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。nmakeuseof利用；使用makegooduseof　　　　　　好好利用makethebest/mostof充分利用makefulluseof充分利用makelittleuseof很少利用①You'dbettermakefulluseofthischancetoimproveyourEnglish.你最好充分利用这次机会提高你的英语。②Thewiseuseshouldbe_made(make)ofsuchexpensivematerial.应该明智地使用这种昂贵的材料。③Scientificknowledgeshouldbemadefulluseofto_help(help)usliveahappylife.充分利用科学知识，帮助我们过上幸福的生活。7．(教材P10)ThelattergaveaseparateidentitytoAmericanEnglishspelling.后者体现了美式英语拼写的不同特征。latteradj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的(1)theformer...thelatter...　前者……，后者……(2)lateradj.后期的latelyadv.近来；最近①Thelatterpointisveryimportant.后一个论点非常重要。②Ofthetwo,the_formerismoreusefulthanthe_latter.两者之中前者比后者更有用。③Believeitornot,Imethimagainthreeyearslater(late)．信不信由你，三年后我再次遇见他。8．(教材P10)EnglishisalsospokeninSingaporeandMalaysiaandcountriesinAfricasuchasSouthAfrica.在新加坡、马来西亚和非洲的一些国家，例如南非，人们也说英语。suchas例如……；像这种的①Hecanspeaksixlanguages,suchasChinese,Russian,Germanandsoon.他会讲六种语言，例如汉语、俄语、德语等。[辨析比较]　suchas,forexamplesuchasn用来列举事物，用在列举的事物与前面名词之间，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，as后面不可有逗号forexample用来举例说明前面说过的话或提出的观点，一般列举同类人或事物中的一个，位置灵活，可位于句首、句中和句末，往往用逗号隔开②Theoldmanisconcernedaboutmanyteenagers,such_asJohn,PeterandTom.这位老人关心许多青少年，例如约翰、彼得和汤姆。③I'dliketokeepapet,for_example,_adog.我想养宠物，比如养狗。1．NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon'tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。evenif意为“即使；尽管”，相当于eventhough，引导让步状语从句。①Evenifheknowsthesecret,he'llnotletitout.即使他知道这个秘密，他也不会泄露的。②Heiswillingtohelpuseven_if/though_he_is_very_busy.　尽管他很忙，他还是愿意帮我们。③Hecametosaygoodbyetomeeven_if/though_it_was_raining_heavily.即使下着大雨他也来为我送别。2．ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。(1)more...than...　与其说……倒不如说……；比……多；比……更……(2)morethan与数词连用，表示“超过；不止”，相当于over(3)morethan＋n.意为“不只是；不仅仅……”①AsfarasIknow,heismorecarefulthantheothers.据我所知，他比其他人更仔细。②Whenhersonliedagain,shewasmore_sad_than_angry.当她儿子再次撒谎时，与其说她生气倒不如说她伤心。③Theyhavebeeninloveformorethan5years.他们相爱已经5年多了。④Theyaremore_thanclassmates.Theyareclosefriends.他们不只是同学，还是知心朋友。nⅠ.单句语法填空1．Iamverybusyatpresent,andIcan'tjoininyourgame.2．Hisstoryis_based(base)onhisownexperiencewhenhewasstudyinginHarvardUniversity.3．Animalssuchascats,dogsandhorsesareman'sfriends.4．JohnandJamesarebrothers;theformerisadoctor,andthelatter(late)isanengineer.5．Asweallknow,thepandaisnativetoChina.6．Yoursparetimeshouldbemadefulluseofto_make(make)upyourmissedlessons.Ⅱ.词汇替换(每空一词)1．Becausetherewasheavyfog,thefreewaywasclosedforthetimebeing.→Becauseoftheheavyfog,thefreewaywasclosedforthetimebeing.2．Noonebelievedit,but,infact,HelendidgetanAonhermath.→Noonebelievedit,but,actually,_HelendidgetanAonhermath.→Noonebelievedit,butasamatteroffact,_HelendidgetanAonhermath.3．Theproblem,whichisbeingdiscussednow,isconnectedwiththefutureofourschool.→Theproblem,whichisbeingdiscussedatpresent,_isconnectedwiththefutureofourschool.4．ManyquestionsabouthowtolearnEnglishcameupatthemeeting.→TheycameupwithmanyquestionsabouthowtolearnEnglishatthemeeting.5．Althoughwecouldaffordit,wewouldn'tgoabroadforourvacation.→Evenif/thoughwecouldaffordit,wewouldn'tgoabroadforourvacation.6．Thedogisnotonlyapet,butalsoitismyfriend.→Thedogismorethanapet;itisalsomyfriend.一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Mywifeisa(n)native(本地的)NewYorker,butI'mfromChina.2．Thevoyage(航行)fromEnglandtoIndiausedtotakesixmonths.3．Agooddecisionisbased(以……为基础)onone'sknowledgeandexperience.n4．Bytheageoftwoachildwillhavea(n)vocabulary(词汇量)ofabouttwohundredwords.5．Thepoliceaskedhimtoshowhisidentity(身份)cardbeforeheenteredtheroom.6．BothEnglishandFrenchareofficial(官方的)languagesinCanada.7．Iwantanapartment(公寓)withtwobedroomsandakitchen.8．HavingstudiedChinesefortwoyears,nowshecanspeakChinesefluently(流利地)．Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Weholdsuchanactivitytoenrich(rich)ourschoollife.2．HesaidthatheusedtomakevoyagestoAfricaatthattimebecauseofhisbusiness.3．Actually(actual),heisanhonestandreliableperson,whomyoucandependon.4．Gradually(gradual),theyaretiredoflifeinthenoisycity.5．Sincehecametopower,hehaspaidseveralofficial(office)visitstosomeforeigncountries.6．Manyquestionscameupatthemeeting,butheanswerednone.7．WemustspeakEnglishfrequently(frequent)inordertoimprovespokenEnglish.8．ThedifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanspelling(spell)areslight.Ⅲ.选词填空becauseof，alargenumberof，atpresent，bedifferentfrom，suchas，thaneverbefore，makeuseof，morethan，comeup，communicatewith1．Assoonastheideacame_up,_peoplepresentallthoughthighlyofit.2．Theydidn'tclimbthemountainbecause_oftherain.3．Make_use_ofeverychanceyouhavetospeakEnglish.4．We'veplantedlotsofdifferentflowers,such_asrosesandlilies.5．Inordertofindabetterjob,moreandmorepeopleareworkinghardtolearnallkindsofskillsat_present.6．It'snecessarythatyoungandoldpeopleshouldcommunicatemorewitheachother.7．More_thanonestudentwastiredofhislongandboringspeech.8．Don'ttrusthim.Usuallywhathehassaidis_different_fromwhathehasdone.n9．Moremoneyisspentontheimprovementoflivingconditionsthan_ever_before.10．Witha_large_number_ofthingstosettle,Ican'tgotoseeafilmwithyou.Ⅳ.课文语法填空SowhyhasEnglishchanged1.overtime?Actuallyalllanguageschangeanddevelop2.whenculturesmeetandcommunicatewitheachother.AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentfromtheEnglish3.spoken(speak)today.Itwasbasedmore4.onGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.ThengraduallybetweenaboutAD800and1150，Englishbecame5.less(little)likeGermanbecausethose6.whoruledEnglandspokefirstDanishandlaterFrench.ThesenewsettlersenrichedtheEnglishlanguageand7.especially(especial)itsvocabulary.Sobythe1600'sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofa8.wider(wide)vocabularythaneverbefore.In1620someBritish9.settlers(settle)movedtoAmerica.Laterinthe18thcenturysomeBritishpeople10.were_taken(take)toAustraliatoo.Englishbegantobespokeninbothcountries.Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达我不了解学英语的正确方法，这使我很伤心。一天，我走上前去(comeup)就如何学好英语征求我们英语老师的意见。他让我目前(atpresent)要尽可能经常地(frequently)使用英语。此外，他告诉我要充分利用(makegooduseof)每一个机会用英语同他人如(suchas)老师、同学和室友等交流(communicatewith)。最后他说，任何方法都建立在努力的基础上(bebasedon)。因为(becauseof)我的努力，我的英语成绩有了很大的提高。I_didn't_know_the_correct_way_to_learn_English,_which_made_me_upset._One_day,_I_came_up_to_our_English_teacher_and_asked_him_for_advice_on_how_to_learn_English_well._He_asked_me_to_try_to_use_it_frequently_at_present._Besides,_he_told_me_that_I_should_make_good_use_of_every_chance_to_communicate_in_English_with_others_such_as_my_teachers,_my_classmates,_and_my_roommates._In_the_end,_he_said_that_any_method_is_based_on_hard_work._Because_of_my_hard_work,_my_English_has_improved_a_lot.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空Whenapersoniscuriousaboutsomething,itmeansheisinterestedinitandwishestoknowmoreaboutit.Thereisnothing__1__withcuriosityinitself.Whetheritisgoodorbad__2__onwhatpeoplearecuriousabout.Curiosityis__3__sillyorwrong.Somepersonswithnothingtodoare__4__nofcuriosityaboutwhattheirneighborsaredoing.Theyare__5__toknowwhattheyareeatingordrinking,whattheyarebringinghomeortakingoutor__6__theyhavecomehomesoearlyorlate.Tobeinterestedinthesethingsis__7__becausetheyarenotimportantatall.Itisnoneoftheir__8__toknowwhatneighborsdooraredoing.Suchcuriosityis__9__notonlyfoolishbutalsoharmful.Formostprobably,it__10__tosmalltalkwhichoftenbrings__11__，shameordisrespecttoothers,andthushurttheirfeelings.Ontheother__12__，thereisanoblecuriosity—thecuriosityofthewise,who__13__atallthegreatthingsandtrytofindoutallthey__14__aboutthem.Columbuscould__15__havefoundAmericaifhehadnotbeen__16__.JamesWattwouldnothavemadethesteamengine__17__hiscuriosityabouttheraisingofthekettlelid(水壶盖).Allthegreatdiscoveriesandinventionsinhumanhistoryhavebeenmade__18__aresultofcuriosity.__19__thecuriosityisneveraboutunimportantthings,whichhave__20__ornothingtodowiththehappinessofthepublic.语篇解读：每个人都有一颗好奇的心，那么好奇是好事还是坏事呢？本文就这一问题展开了论述。1．A.good　　　　　　　B．wrongC．rightD．special解析：选B　结合后面的“Whetheritisgoodorbad”可知，好奇本身没有什么错。2．A.worksB．putsC．takesD．depends解析：选D　好奇是好还是坏取决于人们所好奇的事情。dependon“依靠；取决于”。3．A.alwaysB．sometimesC．seldomD．neither解析：选B　根据后面讲述的内容可知，好奇有时候是愚蠢或错误的。4．A.fullB．fondC．proudD．lack解析：选A　结合“withnothingtodo”可知，有些无所事事的人就对他们的邻居做什么充满了好奇。5．A.angryB．worriedC．pleasedD．anxious解析：选D　由“curiosity”一词可知，他们急切地想知道邻居家吃什么或喝什么。n6．A.howB．whenC．whyD．where解析：选C　他们好奇邻居为什么回来得这么早或晚。7．A.sillyB．necessaryC．possibleD．funny解析：选A　与该段首句“Curiosityis__3__sillyorwrong.”可知，对这些事情好奇是很愚蠢的。8．A.workB．homeworkC．dutyD．business解析：选D　因为他们好奇的事情不重要，也与他们无关。Itisnoneofsb.'sbusiness“与某人无关”。9．A.nothingB．anythingC．somethingD．everything解析：选C　这样的好奇是不仅愚蠢而且有害的东西。something在此表示“某种东西”。10．A.refersB．leadsC．causesD．results解析：选B　这样的好奇会导致一些小的争吵。leadto“导致；造成”。referto“提及；参考”；result和in搭配表示“导致”。11．A.prideB．harmC．nervousnessD．selfishness解析：选B　根据后面“shameordisrespecttoothers,andthushurttheirfeelings”的提示可知，此处应选harm与之对应。12．A.faceB．sideC．wayD．hand解析：选D　前面讲述了好奇不好的方面，此处讲好奇好的方面，故用ontheotherhand“在另一方面”。13．A.expectB．likeC．wonderD．doubt解析：选C　由前面的“thecuriosityofthewise”可知，他们想知道所有好的东西。14．A.needB．dareC．mustD．can解析：选D　并且他们尽一切努力弄清楚它们。15．A.neverB．evernC．probablyD．finally解析：选A　如果哥伦布不好奇的话，他就永远不能发现美国大陆。never“永远不”。16．A.famousB．carefulC．curiousD．hard解析：选C　该段主要讲述好奇的好处，故答案为C项。17．A.forB．withoutC．inD．from解析：选B　没有好奇，瓦特就制造不出蒸汽发动机。18．A.beforeB．asC．afterD．during解析：选B　在人类历史上所有伟大的发现和发明都是好奇的结果。asaresultof“是……的结果”，为固定搭配。19．A.SoB．AndC．ButD．Or解析：选A　此处是根据前面内容得出的结论，故用so。20．A.muchB．littleC．someD．few解析：选B　与后面的nothing相一致，故选little。Ⅱ.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Iaminterestedatswimmingverymuch.Atfirst,Iwentswimmingjusttokeephealth.NowmydreamwastoswimformycountryintheOlympics.Thoughpracticinginthepoolisverybored,butIstillworkveryhardinordertorealizemydream.Becausemyhardwork,Ihavealreadycomefirstinmuchimportantcompetitions.Inthecompetitions,I'vemadelotoffriendsandwe'reveryclose.It'smucheasiertohavefriendswhichareswimmersbecausetheyalsohavetogetupearlytopracticelikeyouandtheyunderstandthiskindoflife.n答案：第一句：at→in第二句：health→healthy第三句：was→is第四句：bored→boring;去掉but第五句：my前加of;much→many第六句：lot→lots或lot前加a第七句：which→who/that;you→me