高考英语 where的用法与高考 10页

where的用法与高考纵观历年高考题，我们不难发现，where一词非常活跃,尤其是近两年的高考题，从不同角度加大了对where的考察力度。where的用法灵活多变,表现在它可以引导多种从句，请看下面的句子：Wherehewasbornisunknowntous.(主语从句)Hetoldmewherehewasborn.(宾语从句)Thisiswherehewasborn.(表语从句)Ihavenoideawherehewasborn.(同位语从句)Thisistheplacewherehewasborn.(定语从句)Heworkswherehewasborn.(地点状语从句)Nomatterwhereyougo,I’llwaitforyouhere.(让步状语从句)下面结合相关试题，将where的用法分类总结，望有助于同学们学习和掌握其用法。一．作连接副词，引导名词性从句I.引导主语从句1.____weshallspendourholidaythissummer____decided.A.why,isnotB.when,hasnotC.where,hasnotbeenD.That,hadn’t此题选C。意为“我们今年夏天将在哪里度假还未决定下来。”where引导主语从句Whereweshallspendourholidaythissummer，在从句中作状语。有时为了平衡句子，避免句子头重脚轻，使用形式主语it，指代where引导的主语从句。如：It’sreallynobusinessofyourswhereIspentmysummer.我们在哪里度假确实与你无关。II.引导宾语从句2.Canyoumakesure____thegoldring?(1990)\nA.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput3.Upongraduationheaskedtobesentto_____.(1988)A.whereheismostneededB.whereheneededC.whereheismostlyneededD.whereishemostlyneededIII.引导表语从句4.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s____youleftit.(1992.33)A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere此题选B。意为“去拿你的上衣去吧，它就在你原来放的地方。”有时where表抽象的含义，不同的情况下译法也不同。如：That’swherewediffer.这就是我们的分歧所在。That’swherewestand.这就是我们的立场。That’swhereyouarewrong.你的错就在这儿。5.---DoyouthinkitwiseforChinesemotherstotrytodoeverythingfortheirchildren?---No,that’s___theyaremistaken.A.whereB.whenC.soD.how6.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis___Idisagree.(2020.全国I.31)A.whyB.whereC.whatD.howIV.引导同位语从句7.Theproposalhadbeenputforward,andthenarosethequestion___weweretogettheproofs___.A.what,neededB.where,toneedC.what,toneedD.where,needed此题选D。“建议被提了出来，然后就出现了这个问题：我们将在哪儿获得所需要的证据。”whereweweretogettheproofs\n是question的同位语从句，对其进行解释说明，needed是proofs的后置定语，相当于从句“whichwereneeded”。二．作关系副词，引导定语从句where引导定语从句，其前有表示地点的先行词，where在从句中作状语,可用“介词＋which”替换。该用什么介词，需根据先行词的具体情况而定。例如：8.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown____hegrewupasachild.(1996.16)A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when答案是B。“在巴黎住了50年以后，他回到了他小时候生长的小镇。”因为先行词“thesmalltown”指地点，且定语从句中缺状语，故应选关系副词where，相当于inwhich。选择引导定语从句的关系词时，不能只看先行词，误认为先行词表示地点就选关系副词where，做这类题的关键要看定语从句里缺少什么成分，当从句中缺少主语，宾语时，应用that或which,缺少地点状语时，应用where引导定语从句。试比较下面两个句子：Thisistheplace_____Iworkedlastyear.Thisistheplace_____Ivisitedlastyear.第一句定语从句里缺少地点状语，即Iworked(intheplace)lastyear,填where或inwhich,　第二句定语从句里缺少visited的宾语，即Ivisited(theplace)lastyear,故填which,that或省略。9.Icanstillrememberthesitting-room____mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.(1986NMET)A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where10.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers____shehadwipedherhands.(2020.全国II.23)A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that11.Ifashophaschairs____womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspend\nmoretimeintheshop.(2020.上海.40)A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where有些名词作先行词时表抽象的地点，其后也可由where引导定语从句，在定语从句中作状语。这类抽象的地点名词有：point,position,situation,condition,state，scene,business,stage等。例如：12.We’rejusttryingtoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.(2020.山东.26)A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which此题应选A,整个句子可分解为：We’rejusttryingtoreachapoint；atthepointbothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.由where引导从句，相当于atwhich,本题意为“我们正在尽力去达到一种双方能坐在一起谈判的程度或地步。”13.Eachplayerofchessistryingtotraptheotherplayer’skingintoaposition____escapeisimpossible.A.whenB.thatC.inwhichD.fromwhich（=where）14.Hefoundhimselfinadifficultsituation___hehadtomakeachoicebetweenthetwosubjects.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why15.Iworkinabusiness_____almosteveryoneisfacedwithgreatchallenge.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that在定语从句中，where还可以作介词的宾语，即：由“介词+where”引导定语从句。例如：Sheclimbeduptothetopofthehill,fromwhereshecouldhaveagoodviewofthewholetown.她登上山顶，从那里她可以一览全城风光。（引导定语从句）划线部分相当于…,andfromonthetopofthehill或fromonthetopofwhich…,此句中的先行词是thetopofthehill，而不是the\nhill,从句中表达的意思是“从山顶望去”而不是“从山上望去”，where代替onthetopofthehill，在从句中作介词的宾语。又如：16.Hisheadsoonappearedoutofawindow,____hecouldseeanelephantinthedistance.A.fromwhereB.whichC.fromthatD.where三．作从属连词，引导副词性从句I.引导地点状语从句where引导地点状语从句时，where从句用来修饰主句的谓语动词，意为“在（到）……的地方”。例如：17.Afterthewar,anewschoolbuildingwasputup____therehadoncebeenatheatre.(1997.20)A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when答案是B。“战后，一座新的学校在剧院的旧址上建了起来。”where引导地点状语从句表示主句谓语wasputup的地点。再看下面的例子：18.---Mom,whatdidyourdoctorsay?---Headvisedmetolive____theairisfresher.(2020.四川.23)A.inwhereB.inwhichC.theplacewhereD.where答案选D。句意为：他（医生）建议我住在空气更新鲜的地方。where引导的是地点状语从句，相当于定语从句中的intheplacewhere，即：Headvisedmetoliveintheplacewheretheairisfresher.可见，从涵义上讲，where等同于in/on/at/totheplacewhere。19.Whenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamark___youhaveanyquestions.(1986)A.atwhichB.atwhereC.theplacewhereD.where20.Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethings____youcanfindthemagain.(1999.18)\nA.whenB.whereC.thenD.there21.Shefoundhercalculator_____shelostit.(2000.上海.夏)A.whereB.whenC.inwhichD.that22.Thefamousscientistgrewup____hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.(2002.上海春)A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.wherever23.Ifyouaretraveling____thecustomsarereallyforeigntoyourown,pleasedoastheRomansdo.(2020.天津.5)A.inwhichB.whatC.whenD.where有时地点状语从句兼有抽象条件的意义，这时地点状语从句要放在主句之前。例如：Wherebeesare,thereishoney.哪儿有蜜蜂哪儿就有蜜。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。Wherethereiswater,thereislife.有水的地方，就有生命。Wherethereislife,thereishope.留得青山在,不怕没柴烧Wherethereissmoke,thereisfire.无风不起浪。（事出有因）II.引导让步状语从句Namatterwhere引导让步状语从句，相当于wherever,意为“不管…在哪里，无论何地”。如：Nomatterwherehegoes,I’llgo,andIdon’tcarewhathappens.=Whereverhegoes,I’llgo,andIdon’tcarewhathappens.四．正确运用where的注意事项I.正确分析句子的结构为了增强试题的迷惑性，加大试题的难度，命题者越来越注重使用复杂的句式。例如：24.Theplace____thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe____thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.(2020.江苏.32)\nA.which,whereB.atwhich,whichC.atwhich,whereD.which,inwhich此题选C。“这座桥应建在河流交叉口交通最繁忙的地方。”本题主句为：Theplaceshouldbewherethecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.第一个空填atwhich或where,引导theplace的定语从句：atwhichthebridgeissupposedtobebuilt；第二个空填where，引导表语从句。25.Coulditbeintheroom____wehadatalklastnight____youleftyourkeys?that,whereB.inwhich,whereC.where,thatD.where,where正确答案是C。“可能是在我们昨天晚上谈话的房间里你丢了钥匙吗？”第一个空填where，引导定语从句，说明是在哪个房间；第二个空填that，构成强调结构的疑问形式：Coulditbeintheroomthatyouleftyourkeys?26.---Doyoustillrememberwherewemetforthefirsttime?---Ofcourse.It’sinthehotel____youstayed.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when此题迷惑性较强，很容易使学生误认为这是强调结构，从而错选A项。我们先看看此题的译文：---你还记得我们第一次见面是在哪儿吗？---当然记得。是在你当时住的旅馆里（我们见的面）。我们再看补充完整后的答语：It’sinthehotelwhereyoustayedthatwemetforthefirsttime.由此可知，正确的答案为B。若选A项。句子就成了It’sinthehotelthatyoustayed.若去掉此强调结构中的“Itis…that”后，即：Youstayedinthehotel.意为“你住在旅馆里”，显然答非所问。II.看清句子所缺的成分搞清楚句子缺什么成分是作对题的关键。在下面的题目中where是以干扰项出现的：27.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin____wasawastelandtenyearsago.\n(2020.天津.35)A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where（宾语从句中缺主语）28.Inanhour,wecantraveltoplaces___wouldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.（2020.上海.37)A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what（定语从句中缺主语）29.Hetransplantedthelittletreetothegarden____itwasthebesttimeforit.(2020.上海.39)A.whereB.whenC.thatD.until（从句为时间状语从句）30.---Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?---Yes,there’sonepoint____wemustinsiston.(2020.江西.33)A.whyB.whereC.howD./（定语从句中缺宾语）巩固练习：1.Isthisresearchcenter____wevisitedthemodernequipmentlastyear?A.whereB.thatC.theonethatD.which2.Goandgetyourumbrella.It’sstill____youleftit.A.thereB.inwhichC.whereD.intheplace3.LittleJimisgoingtospendhisholidayinParis,____liveshisuncle.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.that4.Isthisthetown____hevisitedhisfriendtheotherday?A.thatB./C.theoneD.where5.Nowadaysteenagersliketogotothefastfoodrestaurants,____,asthenamesays,eatingdoesn’ttakemuchtime.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.where6.Anewschoolbuildingisunderconstruction,sowecan’twalk_welikedasbefore.A.asB.whereC.whichD.when7.Thisphotoofminewastaken____stoodthefamoushightower.\nA.whichB.inwhichC.whereD.there8.Ikeptthispicture___Icanseeiteverydayasitremindsmeofmyuniversitydays.A.inwhichB.whereC.whenD.whether9.---Wheredoyouplantowork?---I’vemadeupmymindtogo____I’mmostneeded.A.totheplaceB.towhichC.thatD.where10.Heputit____waslight,inotherwords,whereeveryonecouldseeit.A.thereB.whereC.wherethereD.therewhere11.Itwas____myfatherworked____Iworknow.A.where,thatB.where,whenC.that,whereD.that,that12.Ithinkyou’vegotthepoint____achangeisneeded,otherwiseyouwillfail.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where13.Ireallydon’tknow____Ihadmymoneystolen.A.whenwasitthatB.thatitwaswhenC.whereitwasthatD.itwaswherethat14．Itwasinthevillage___heoncelived___hegothisjunioreducation.A.that,whereB.where,thatC.which,whereD.where,which15.Itwas____thatIfoundmybooks.A.whereIhadleftthemB.whereverC.intheplacethatIhadleftthemD.hereandthere答案：1.A2.C3.C4.D5.D.6.B7.C8.B9.D10.C11.A12.D13.C14.B15.A\n