初中中考英语总复习提纲 13页

新目标英语课本重点复习GradeSeven(A)1.What’sherfamilyname?(P5)●familyname=lastname姓firstname=givenname名●姓名顺序：英美人的名在前，姓在后。如：JimGreen中，Jim是firstname/givenname,Green是familyname/lastname;中国人的姓在前，名在后。●family(家庭)、class（班级），作主语，谓语用单数形式。family(家庭成员)、class（同学们），作主语，谓语用复数形式。如：MyfamilywereeatingdinnerwhenuncleLicamein.Ihaveafamily,thefamilyisahappyone.2.Thanksforthephotoofyourfamily.(P17)●Thanks=ThankyouThanksalot=Thankyouverymuch.=Manythanks.●Thanksforsth./doingsth.谢谢你……Thanksforyourhelp.ThanksforhelpingmewithmyEnglish.Thanksto…多亏…，由于…Thankstotreesandflowers,ourschoolisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.●aphotoofmine我的一张照片aphotoofme一张我本人的照片3.Hereismyfamilyphoto.(P17)●以here,there等副词开头的句子，主谓倒装。（主语为代词时则不倒装）如：Herecomesthebus.Hereisyourpen.Hereyouare.=Hereitis.NotonlyhaveIbeentoBeijing,butalsoIhavebeentoTaiyuan.4.Pleasetakethesethingstoyourbrother.Canyoubringsomethingstoschool?(P23)●take:把东西从此处带走。bring:把东西由别处带来。fetch/get：去把东西带来(goandbring)carry:携带，搬运（无方向性）●some和any都可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词。区别如下：some用于肯定句中，如果用于疑问句，则表示希望得到肯定的回答或表示诚意。any用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句，如果用在肯定句则表示“任何一个”的意思。5.Thatsoundsgood.(P27)●系动词后用形容词作表语。sound/seem/look/become/get/turn/taste/feel/smell/touch+adj.●sound:声音的总称。noise:噪音voice:嗓音6.Doyoulikebananas?(P31)●likesb.todosth.likesb.nottodosth.以此类推：want,tell,teach,ask,●likedoingsth.:一贯性喜欢做某事，经常性喜欢做某事liketodosth.具体某一次喜欢做某事●likev.喜欢prep.介词像……一样7.HowmuchisthisT-shirt?(P41)●Howmuchis/are……?……多少钱？It’s/They’re……●Howmuch修饰不可数名词；Howmany修饰可数名词复数它们都是“多少”的意思。8.CanIhelpyou?(P43)售货员招呼顾客：CanIhelpyou?=WhatcanIdoforyou?=MayIhelpyou?顾客告诉售货员：Yes,please.Iwanttobuy…/I’mlookingfor…/I’dliketobuy…或者：No,thanks.Ionlyhavealook.询问顾客想买东西的特征：Whatcolor/size/kinddoyouwant?向顾客推荐商品：What/Howaboutthisone?Thisoneischeapandnice.顾客询问价格：Howmuchis/are…？Howmuchdoesitcost?What’sthepriceofit?买卖达成：I’lltake/have/buy/getit.9.Whenisyourbirthday?Howoldareyou?(P49)询问年龄：Howoldareyou?What’syourage?回答年龄：主语+be+数词（+yearsold）●Heisaneight-year-oldboy.=Heiseightyearsold.●howold,howoften,howsoon,howfar,howlong,howmany,howmuch,howmanytimes,10.Iwanttoseeanactionmovie.(P53)●wantsth.wanttodosth.wantsb.todosth.wantsb.nottodosth.●look:发生看的动作lookat…看……see:看见没有的结果notice:注意到listen:发生听的动作listento…听……hear:听见没有的结果sound：听起来watch:强调观看运动着的事物或影像。如：看电视，看比赛，看电影，看表演等read:阅读，朗读如：看书，看报，看信，看杂志，看地图11.Canyouplaytheguitar?(P59)●can,may,must,need是情态动词，后面必须跟动词原形一起构成谓语。●playthe+乐器play+球/棋/牌类12.Whatafunnytimetoeatbreakfast!(P67)感叹句：How+adj./adv.（+主语+谓语）！如：Howhardheworks!Whata/an+adj.+名词单数（+主语+谓语）！What+adj.+名词复数（+主语+谓语）！What+adj.+不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！如：Whatbadweather/music/news/water/adviceitis!单词归类记忆：乐器：guitar,drum,piano,trumpet,violin球类：football,soccer,basketball,volleyball,baseball,tennis,ping-pong星期：Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday月份：January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December电影：actionmovie,comedy,documentary,thriller,BeijingOpera,cartoonGradeSeven(B)1.She’sfromJapan.(P1)●befrom=comefrom●国家—人—语言China—Chinese—ChineseAmerica—American—EnglishEngland—Englishman—EnglishCanada—Canadian—English\nGermany—German—GermanFrance—Frenchman—FrenchItaly—Italian—ItalianIndia—Indian—Indian2.MyfavoritesubjectinschoolisP.E.It’sfun.（P5）●one’sfavorite……●V+doinghavefun,bebusy,can’thelp,giveup,lookforwardto,be/getusedto,feellike,havetrouble/problem/difficult/ahardtime,payattentionto,beworth,keepon,putoff,endup,mind,finish,keep,practice,enjoy,permit,spend,keep,continue,consider,suggest,can’thelp,miss3.Thepayphoneisacrossfromthelibrary.（P8）●acrossfrom=beoppositeto在…的对面●询问方向：Where’sthenearest…？Whichisthewayto…？HowcanIgettothe…？Istherea…nearhere?Canyoutellmethewaytothe…？Idon’tknow/Iwanttoknow/Couldyoutellmewhere…is?●指点方向：Go/Walkalong/acrossthisroad/street.Takethefirst/second/thirdturningontheleft/right.It’sabout…kilometersformhere.The…isalongtheroadontheright.It’soverthereontheright.It’squitefarfromhere.4.Whatdoesshedo?（P19）现在的职业：Whatdoessb.do?Whatam/is/aresb?What’ssb’sjob?将来的工作：Whatdoessb.wanttobe?Sb.wantstobe…5.How’stheweatherinBeijing?It’ssunny.（P31）●Howistheweathertoday?=What’stheweatherliketoday?●sun—sunnywind—windycloud—cloudysnow—snowyrain—rainyfog—foggy6.Hi,Alice?ThisisBob.（P33）打电话给某人：May/Can/CouldIspeakto…？I’dliketospeakto…询问对方是谁：Isthat…(speaking)?Who’sthat?Who’scalling/speaking,please?自我介绍：Thisis…(speaking)。…isspeaking.Hello,…here.转告某人接电话：You’rewantedonthephone.There’sacall/phoneforyou.Someonewantsyouonthephone.转告的人就在身边：It’sforyou.或Foryou.请对方稍等：Holdon(theline),please.Holdonforamoment.Don’thangup,please.7.Sheneverstopstalking.（P43）●对频率提问，用Howoften.(never,ever,sometimes,often,usually,once,twice,threetimesaday,hardly,hardlyever)●stoptodosth.停止现在的事，去做另一件事。stopdoingsth.停止做某事8.Itwastimetogohome.(P58)It’stimetodosth.It’stimeforsb.todosth.It’stimeforsth.9.Ifoundalittleboycryinginthecorner.（P63）●inthecorner在一角/角落里atthecorner在拐角处●感官动词：不论感官动词是动词的什么形式，其后只有两种形式。（1）see/watch/hear/notice/findsb.dosth.……某人做了某事（全过程）（2）see/watch/hear/notice/findsb.doingsth.……某人正在做某事（正在进行）10.Thatmademefeelveryhappy.（P63）●make/let/stay/keepsb.+adj.●make/letsb.dosth.在被动语态中，省略的to要还原。●makesb.sth.=makesth.forsb.为某人做……11.Don’tarrivelateforclass.(P71)●belatebelatefor●arrivein+大地方arriveat+小地方getto+地方reach+地方注意：home,here,there,upstairs,downstairs,abroad是副词，他们前面的介词要去掉。GradeEight(A)1.What’sthematterwithyou?Ihaveasorethroat.（P7）●What’sthematter=What’sthetrouble?=What’swrong?=What’sup?●There’ssomethingwrongwith…●haveasorethroat,haveasoreback,haveasoreleg●haveacough,haveacold,haveafever,haveatoothache,haveastomachachehaveaheadache2.It’seasytohaveahealthylifestyle,andit’simportanttoeatabalanceddiet.It’s+adj.+todosth.做某事……3.Howdoyougettoschool?Iusuallywalk,butsometimesItakethebus.(P20)回答交通方式时，常用下列形式：take+限定词+交通工具+to+某地go/getto+某地+by+交通工具单数go/getto+某地+in/on+限定词+交通工具walk/ride/drive/flyto+某地如：Wetakeabustoschool.Hegoestoworkbybike.Hismotherdriveshimtoschool.Igotoschoolinmyfather’scar.goto…bybus/ship/boat/car/train/subway=takeabus/ship/boat/car/train/subwayto…goto…onfoot=walkto…goto…byplane/air=flyto…goto…onthebus/bikegoto…inthecar4.It’stakesabout25minutestowalkand10minutesbybus.（P21）●Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.●Sb.spend…onsth./(in)doingsth.Sb.pay…forsth.●Sth.cost…5.LiuYingisnotasgoodatsportsashersister.(P33)begoodwithsb.和…相处融洽●begoodat=dowellin擅长….begoodfor对…..有好处。begoodto=befriendlyto对…..很友善。●as+原级+as和…一样notas/so+原级+as和…不一样6.Iamalittletallerthanher.（P33）●alittle=abit=alittlebit=kindof有点儿\n●akindof…一种…allkindsof…各种各样的…differentkindsof…不同种类的…bekind和蔼的●能放在形容词比较级的前面，表示程度的词有：much,alittle,alot,even,far●不能放在形容词比较级前的词有：quite,very,too,rather7.Turnontheblender.(P41)●turnon,turnoff,turnup,turndown●祈使句的反义疑问：Willyou?Let’s…，shallwe?Letus…，willyou?●祈使句的否定句：在句首加Don’t即可。8.Youarenevertooyoungtostartdoingthings.(P55)●too…（forsb.）to…主语为物时，不定式后不能再带宾语。如：Theboxistooheavyformetocarryit.(it应该去掉)●too…to…可用not…enough…或so…that…来改写。如：Heistooyoungtogotoschool.=Heisn’toldenoughtogotoschool.=Heisoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.9.inOctober,2000,LiYunditookpartinthe14thChopinInternationalpianoCompetitioninPoland.(P57)takepartin:指参与群众性活动、会议、竞赛、考试等。join:指参加团体、组织后，成为其中的一员。也可参加某人。10.Hewonfirstprizeinhisgroup.(P5)win:赢得比赛lose:输掉比赛beat:打败对手hit：打人11.Whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup?(P59)●将来时的表达：1).begoingto+V原2).will+V原3).bedoingsth.●when:当……时；什么时候12.I’mgoingtomoresomethinginteresting.(P61)形容词做定语修饰不定代词时，形容词后置。(something,somebody,somewhere,anything,anything,anywhere,nothing)13.borrowsomemoney.（P68）●borrowsth.fromsb=borrowsb.sth.主语借进lendsth.tosb.=lendsbsth.主语借出●借了多长时间用keep;买了多久时间用have;死了多长时间用bedead,开始了多久用beon14.About200yuananightisenough.(76)enough+n.adj./adv.+enoughGradeEightB1.Doyouthinktherewillberobotsinpeople’shome?(P2)●Doyouthink后跟宾语从句。●Therebe句型中不能在出现have/has;Therebesth/sb.doingsth.●就近原则：Therebe,Either…or…,Neither…nor…,Notonly…butalso…,离动词最近的主语决定动词的单复数形式2．Attheweekends,I’llbeabletodressmorecasually.(P6)●beableto用于任何时态；can用于一般现在时和过去时态●dress+人：给……穿衣Hismotherdressedhiminnewclothes.表示“穿着”的状态时用：bedressedin+衣服或颜色。dressupas,dressoneself,be/getdressedin+衣服、颜色puton:穿衣的动作wear:穿着衣服的状态bein+颜色、衣服、帽子等，强调状态ShewasdressedinRussianstyle.Putonmoreclothes,oryou’llbecold.Maryiswearingayellowdresstoday.Heiswearingasweater.Whosethatmaninaredcoatoverthere?3.Theymightfinditdifficulttoplanthingsforthemselves.(P16)●Sb.find/think/feelitadj.forsb.todosth.●plan—planned—planningbabysit—babysat—babysitting4.WhatwasthegirldoingwhentheUFOtookoff?(P19)takeoff:(脱下；飞机/小鸟起飞；事业/经济的腾飞，迅速发展)take+时间+off休假……5.Lanasaidshewasn’tmadatMarciaanymore.（P27）●anymore=anymorenot…anylonger=nolonger（谓语用延续性动词）not…anymore=nomore●be/getmadatsb.=be/getangrywithsb.生某人的气bemadabout…对……狂热的6.Ifyougototheparty,you’llhaveagreattime.(P34)●if：在条件状语中是“如果”的意思，在宾语从句中是“是否”的意思。Idon’tknowifhewillcomeback,ifhecomesback,pleasecallme.●在状语从句中（由when,after,if,until,unless,assoonas等引导），主句是下列情况之一，从句用一般现在时表示将来的意思：主句有情态动词；主句是祈使句；主句是将来时）7.Ifyouarefamous,peoplewillwatchyouallthetimeandfollowyoueverywhere.(P38)●famous=well-known●　allthetime总是，一直allthesame仍然、还是●befamousfor因……而出名(跟出名的原因)befamousas　　　以……而出名　　（跟职业／身份／地位）8.Thanksforsendingmethesnowglobeofthemonster.(P48)sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb.givesb.sth.=givesth.tosbpasssb.sth=passsth.tosb.offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosbborrowsb.sth.=borrowsth.tosb.buysb.sth.=buysth.forsb.当直接宾语是代词时，只能放在间接宾语的前面。如：passittomebuythemforher9.Bytheway,what’syourhobby?(P48)bytheway顺便说一下intheway妨碍、挡路ontheway在途中inthisway以这种方式10.ThemoreIlearnaboutChinesehistory,themoreIenjoylivinginChina.(P50)●The+比较级，the+比较级越……，就越……●比较级+and+比较级;moreandmore+原级（能加more的形容词）越来越……11.Forexample,droppinglitterisalmostnewerallowed.●例如：forexample,……suchas……●动名词/不定式做主语，谓语用三单形式。allowsbtodosth.beallowedtodosth.12.Whydon’tyougetherascarf?(P60)●提建议：Whydon’tyou+V原？Whynot+V原？Youshould+V原.You’dbetter+V原.Let’s+V原.Howabout+Ving?Whatabout+Ving?\n13.Peopledon’tneedtospendtoomuchmoney.Instead,makingamealisenough.(P65)●Sb.needtodosth.(主语为人)Sth.needdoingsth.（主语为物）●need:情态动词、行为动词●toomuch+不可数名词toomany+可数名词复数muchtoo+形容词●instead:代替（放在句尾）；然而，相反的（放在居首）insteadof…:代替……（放在句中）14.Haveyoueverbeento…？（P68）have/hasbeento去过，已回来have/hasgoneto去……，未回来have/hasbeenin在……15.Me,neither.(P69)●甲方怎样，乙方也怎样：So+谓语+主语●甲方不怎样，乙方也不怎样：Neither/Nor+谓语+主语●甲方怎样，乙方赞同：So+主语+谓语●甲方不怎样，乙方赞同：Neither/Nor+主语+谓语或者：Me,either.●Neither/Either+名词单数，谓语用单数●Neither/Eitherof+名词复数，谓语用单数16.…,morethanthreequartersofthepopulationareChinese,…(P74)●morethan=over●表示人口的“多”用large/big,表示人口的“少”用small.●问“人口的多少”时，用“What’sthepopulationof……”17.Ifeellikepartofthegroupnow.(P80)想做某事：wanttodosth.wouldliketodosth.feellikedoingsth.18.feedsth.to….=feed….withsth.给……喂……keep+动物：饲养动物19.不敢做某事：beafraidtodosth.担心出现某种后果：beafraidofdoingsth.如：I’mafraidoffallingdownfromthewall.I’mafraidtoclimbthetree.GradeNine1.Istudybyworkingwithagroup.(P2)by用法小结：在……旁边(near)Willyousitdownherebythewindow?在……之前Ihavetogobackbyteno’clock.BythetimeIwenthome,mymomhadcookedlunch.借助于……，用……Igotoschoolbybus.IlearnEnglishbylisteningtotheradio.2.dealwith(P8)Howwillyoudealwiththisproblem?Whatwillyoudowiththisproblem?3.Iusedtobeafraidofthedark.（P10）4.usedtodosth.过去常常……be/getusedtodoingsth.习惯于……beafraidof=beterrifiedof5.Sixteen-year-oldsshouldnotbeallowedtogettheirearspierced.（P18）●sixteen-year-olds=sixteen-year-oldteenagers●gettheirearspiercedget/havesth.done6.Whatwouldyoudoifyouhadamilliondollars?(P26)●具体数字/several+hundred/thousand/million/billionhundreds/thousands/millions/billionsof●虚拟语气：主语+would/should/could+V原if+主语+过去时态（be动词用were）7.ItmustbelongtoCarla.(P34)belongtosb.=besb’s8.She’sworriedbecauseofhertest.(P36)●becauseof+短语because+句子（主语+谓语）●beworriedabout=worryabout担心……9.Theremustbesomethingvisitingthehomesinourneighborhood.(P38)●Therebe…doingsth.Therebe句型中不能再有have/has●mustbe一定10.I’llhelpcleanupthecityparks.(P60)动词+副词，代词放中间：cheerup,setup,putup,fixup,cutup,cleanup,giveup,pickup,lookup,mixup,useup,eatup,giveout,workout,hangout,handout,cleanout,turnon,turnoff,turndown,turnup,takeoff,putoff,puton,giveaway,putaway,thinkover,lookover11.It’susedforseeinginthedark.(P69)beusedby被……使用beusedfordoingsth.=beusedtodosth.被用来做……beusedas把……用作……12.Ionlyjustmadeittomyclass.(P78)我刚好到达教室。●makeit办成功，做到，赶到Ithinkwe’lljustmakeit.●及时到达；赶上Thetrainleavesinfiveminutes,we’llnevermakeit!●约定（时间）Asforournextmeeting,let’smakeitthedayaftertomorrow.13.Attimesanadcanleadyoutobuysomethingyoudon’tneedatall.(p106)●attimes=sometimes有时sometime某时sometimes几次，几倍sometime一段时间●leadsb.todosth.纵容/引诱/引导某人做某事Heledustohishome.Youleadandwe’llfollow.14.Iprefertoreceiveagiftthathassomethoughtbehindit.(P108)prefertodosth.prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.preferdoingsth.todoingsth.15.Thewallsaremadefromoldglassbottlesthataregluedtogether.(P122)bemadefrom……由……制成（看不出原料）bemadeof……由……制成（能看出原料）注意：takeplace和happen都是表示“发生”的意思，都没有被动语态。它们的区别是：happentosb.某人发生了某事happentodosth.碰巧发生了某事happen:一切客观事情或情况的偶然或未能预见地发生takeplace:发生事先计划或预想到的事物.(历史上的事件，集会等先布置而后发生或举行的事情，不用于地震等自然现象)Unit1一、Hestudiesbyaskingtheteacherforhelpby以…方式，靠+n/doingIwenttoschoolbybus/train/subway/bike/plane/boat….二、thebestwaytodosth做某事的最好方法三、JoiningtheEnglishclubwasthebestwaytoimproveourEnglish.动名词作主语+V三单四、havetrouble/problem/difficult/ahardtime+doingsth做某事很困难五、laughatsb.嘲笑某人六、last(持续)+一段时间Therainlastedfor6hoursyesterday.七、regard…..as……=consider….as…..=treat……as…….把…..当成……八、complaintosbaboutdoingsth抱怨某人做某事\n九、except/besidesexcept除…以外….Allthestudentswenttothezooexceptmebesides除….以外（包括在内）Ihavefewfriendsbesidesyou.十、assoonas….一….就……（条件状语从句，主将从现）I’llcallyouassoonasIgetthere.十一、if引导宾语从句时“是否”if引导条件状语从句“假如，如果”，主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。Idon’tknowifitwillrain,ifitrains,Iwon’tgoout.宾从条从Unit2一、1）usedtodosth过去常常做某事Heusedtodohomeworkuntil10pm.2）beusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事I’musedtogettingupearly.Sheisusedtolivingalone.3）beusedtodosth=beusedfordoingsth被用于做某事Knifeisusedtocutthings=Knifeisusedforcuttingthings.二、afford买得起，负担得起（…的费用）Ican’taffordanewcar.affordtodosth负担得起做某事三、getintroublewith与….发生纠纷bepatientwithsbofsth在某事上对某人很耐心四、beproudof=takepridein+n/doing对…..感到骄傲五、It‘stime(forsb)todosth/It’stimeforsth是（某人）该做某事的时候了Unit3一、beallowedtodosth被允许做某事allowsbtodosth允许某人做某事allowtodosth允许做某事二、(1)insteadof+n/pre/vingSheprefersmilkinsteadof(=ratherthan)coffee.We’dliketogosightseeinginsteadofstayingathome.(2)instead相反的、代替。常放句末。Idon’tlikeswimming,Ilikeplayinggamesinstead.三、Sodowe我也是So+助、be、情态动词+主语“某人也一样”Ihavetodomyhomework.Sodoeshe.Nor/neither助、be、情态动词+主语“某人也不”Marydidn’tgotothepartylastnight.Neither/nordidI.四、I’mnotallowedtogetmyearspierced.Getsthdone/havesthdone这事儿不是主语做的，而是找别人做的。Mybikebrokedown,I’llhaveitrepaired.我的自行车坏了，我得找人修理。五、bestrictwithsb对某人严格bestrictinsth在某方面很严格六、becomfortabletodosth做某事很方便七、begoodfor对…..有好处。Vegetableandfruitaregoodforyourhealth.begoodat=dowellin+n/pre/doing擅长….Heisgoodatswimmingbegoodto=befriendlyto对…..很友善。八、haveanopportunitytodosth有机会做某事。九、语法：不定代词(1)some/any均为“一些”，+可、不可数名词；some一般用于肯定，any多用于否定或疑问句。但在疑问句中，当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应用some.---Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?---Yes,please./No,thanks(2)many/muchmany+可数名词much+不可数名词都可与so,too,as,how搭配。(1)either/neithereither指两者其一neither指两者都不either…..or…..不是…就是….neither…..nor…..既不…也不……十、other,theother,others,theothers,another1)other别的、其他的2)theother两者中另一个one……..,theother……..一个…另一个……3)others泛指别的人或物=other+复数名词some……,others…..一些…..另一些…..4)theothers特指其余剩下的人或物some…..,theothers……一些…..，其余的……5)another任何一个，另一个。（指三者以上中的任何一个）十一、getinthewayof…….妨碍…..十二、On….team.在…队里Heisontheschoolsoccerteam.十三、happen出乎意料的发生takeplace有计划的发生两者都没有被动语态thisaccidenthastakenplacefor5years.十四、beseriousabout+n/pre/doing对….很认真十五、succeed(in)doingsth成功地做某事successn.successfuladjUnit4一、数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion几百/千/百万/十亿hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+of成百的/千的/百万的/十亿的二、辨析bring/take/fetch/carry三、IfIwereyou,I’dwearashirtandtie.IfIhadamilliondollars,I’dbuyabighouse.If的用法：1）在含有非真实条件句的复合句中，表示一种假设，需用虚拟语气，对现在情况的假设，条件从句中用一般过去时（be动词勇were）,主句用would/should/could+V原Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.2）如果假设情况可能发生，句子用陈述语气，条件从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时。Ifhecomes,I’llbringhimapresent.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’thaveapicnic.四、invitesbtosomewhere.invitesbtodosth五、辨析borrow/lend/keepborrow…from….（主语）借进Iborrowedbooksfromschoollibrary.lend…..to…..（主语）借出Couldyoulendyourdictionarytome?keep借并保存一段时间（常用于完成时for,since与搭配，代替borrow）\nI’vekeptthisstorybookforamonth,andIdidn’treturnit.六、许多。(1)alotof,lotsof,some,plentyof既可修饰可数，也可修饰不可数名词。(2)anumberof+可数名词复数+V复“大量的”Anumberoftreesarecutdown.(3)thenumberof+可数名词复数+V三单“..的数量”Thenumberofstudentsinourclassis52.(4)amountof,much,alittle,little,abitof,adealof+不可数名词+V三单(5)many,afew,few+可数名词复数+V复七、(rather)than其后动词的形式，与前面动词的形式保持一致。Ilikesingingthandancing.宁愿做…而不愿做…..1）wouldratherdosththandosth.2）wouldliketodosth,thandosth3）prefertodosthratherthandosth4）preferdoingtodoing八、害怕做某事beafraidofdoingsth=beterrifiedofdoingsth=bescaredofdoingsthbeafraidtodosth九、win赢得比赛、演讲、地位、荣誉beat击败某人、某队十、辨别noise噪音Don’tmakeanynoise!voice人的嗓音Hehasagoodvoice.sound泛指各种声音Thesoundofcaristooloud.十一、tastev.品尝，尝起来n.味道，品味系动词taste,smell,look,sound,feel+adj十二、语法。Givesbsth=givesthtosb这种结构的动词还有：（加to的）give,show,send,bring,pass,lend,tell（加for的）make,buy,do,have,cook,find,singEg:Iboughtagiftforher.=IboughtheragiftShelentmeabook=Shelentabooktome.Unit5一、--Whosebookisthis?--Itmust/might/can’t/couldbesb’sbelongtosb.二、It’s+adj+that….It’snecessary/clear/important……that….It’s+adj+todosthit’simportant/necessarytoworkhard.find/think+it+adj+todosth.IfounditdifficulttorememberEnglishwords.三、对…感到担心。beanxious/worriedabout…worryabout渴望做某事beanxioustodosth四、Hecouldberunningforexercise.情态动词+be+doingsth（表示猜测可能正在做某事）五、sthhappentosb某人碰巧遇到某事Whenhewalkedacrosstheroad,thecaraccidenthappenedtohim.六、太….muchtoo+adj太多….toomuch+不可数ntoomany+可数nUnit6一、prefersthtosthIpreferfishtomeat.prefertodosth,ratherthandosth.=wouldratherdosththandosthTheyprefertostayathomeratherthangoout.preferdoingtodoingJimprefersreadingtoplayinggames.二、play+运动、棋类、消遣playbasketball/soccer/volleyball/tennis/ping-pong/baseball/chessplay+the+乐器playtheguitar/violin/piano/trumpet/drums三、go+运动ing:goshopping/fishing/sightseeing/cooking四、aloudloudloudlyaloud指读书readaloud.loud,loudly可互换，但loud可作adj,loudly却不能。五、使….想起….提醒（某人）remindsbremindsbofsthThephotosremindedmeofmyschooldays.remindsbtodosthCanyouremindmetowakehimupat6:25.六、though/although和but不能连用Mygrandfatheris100yearsold,butheisveryhealth.=Thoughmygrandfatheris100yearsold,heisveryhealth.because和so也不能连用七、famous=well-knownbefamousforMartinisfamousforwritingstory.befamousasSheisfamousasascientist.befamoustoTheGreatWallisfamoustotheworld.八、afew+可数名词（表肯定）一些alittle+不可数名词（表肯定）一些few（表否定）几乎没有little（表否定）几乎没有九、because+句子becauseof+名词、代词、动名词短语Hestoppedplayingsoccerbecausehehadaheadache.Hestoppedplayingsoccerbecauseofhisheadache.十、expecttodosth=hopetodosth=wishtodosth.十一、haveagreattime=havefun=enjoyoneself.Unit7一、辨析relaxed/relaxingtired/tiringfascinated/fascinatingexcited/excitingfrustrated/frustratingdisappointed/disappointingsurprised/surprisingamazed/amazinginterested/interesting（加ed的修饰人“感到。。。的”；加ing的修饰物“令人。。。的”）eg:Shewassurprisedtoreadthissurprisingnews.\n相关短语：beexcitedatbedisappointedatbesurprisedat/todosthbeinterestedin=takaaninterestin+n/Ving二、旅行。trek徒步跋涉trektroughthejungle/forest/mountaintravel泛指旅行travelaroundtheworld.trip短途旅行haveatrip.TriptoChengdu.三、想要、愿意做某事wouldliketodosth=wanttodosth.---Wherewouldyouliketogo?---I’dliketovisitsomewherewarm.四、辨析crossthroughoverpast(1)cross从表面上通过walkcrossthestreet/bridge/river….(2)through从空间通过gothroughtheforest/jungle/crowed…(3)over从上方跨过jumpoverthewall(4)past从旁边经过Hewalkedpastthewindowwhenwewerehavingclass.五、hope/wish(1)hopetodosthhope+从句(2)wishtodosthwishsbtodosthwish+从句六、I’dliketogosomewhererelaxing.adj放不定代词后修饰不定代词。七、Whynot+V原…..?=Whydon’tyou+V原….?Let’s+V原八、consider考虑、认为considerdoingsth/+how(what)+todosth/+名词、从句eg:We’reconsideringvisitingParisforholiday.Hehasneverconsideredhowtosolvetheproblem.Allofyoushouldconsiderthefeelingofthepeople.Doyouconsider（认为）thatwecanfinishtheprojectontime?九、oneof+adj最高级+复数名词+V三单OneofthehighestsightsinParisisEiffelTower.十、辨析include/includingOurschoolincludestwoparts:PrimaryandMiddleSchool.Ilikeallsportsincludingplayingsoccer.十一、travelingaroundParisbytaxicancostalotofmoney.travelingaroundParisbytaxi动名词做主语+V三单oneofthecheapestwaystovisitParisistakingtheundergroundtrain.动名词作表语从句的主语十二、辨析costspendpaytakeSthcosts(cost)……TheTVcostme500dollarsSbspend(spent)…..onsth/doingsthIspent500dollarsontheTV.Ispent500dollarsbuyingtheTV.Sbpay(paid)….For…Ipaid500dollarsfortheTV.Ittakes(took)sb…..todosth.Ittookme500dollarstobuytheTV.十三、unless=ifnot条件状语从句，由if,unless引导。（主将从现，主过从过）Ifitdoesn’train,we’llgofishing.Unlessyouseeadoctor,youshouldn’ttakethemedicine.十四、提供。(1)providesbwithsth=providesthforsb.Hetriedtofindajobtoprovidehisfamilywithfood.Hetriedtofindajobtoprovidefoodforhisfamily.(2)offersbsth=offersthtosb.Sheofferedmoneytothepoorchildren.offertodosth自愿做某事十五、mind,finish,keep,bebusy,feellike,practice,havefun,enjoy,havetrouble/problem/difficult/ahardtime,permit,spend,beworth,keepon,keep,beusedto,continue,giveup,putoff,endup,payattentionto,lookforwardto,consider,suggest,can’thelp,miss+doingsthfeel,hear,see,find,watch,noticesbdosth（做过）doingsth（正在做）十六、辨析stoptodo/stopdoingremembertodo/rememberdoingforgettodo/forgetdoingtrytodo/trydoinggoontodo/goondoingallowtodo/allowdoing十七、在介词后（in,at,after,on,to,for,of,by,against,with,without,after,before,）如果要用动词，只能用vingIstudyforatestbyworkingwithgroups.十八、enough的用法adj/adv+enough足够。。。样enough+n足够的。。。十九、语法：主谓一致。1.当and或both…and…连接两个或三个名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。BothyouandIaregoodfriends.2.不定代词作主语+V三单(either,neither,each,theother,another,any/every/no/some引导的不定代词)Everyoneisgoingtobeachtomorrow.3.由each,every引导的作主语，指同一个人时，+V三单Eachboyandgirlwasgivenagift.4.主语后有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,morethan,including,besides,like,except,but.谓语动词由前面的主语决定.MrLiwithhiswifeandchildreniscomingnextweek.Tombesideshisfriendsplaysvolleyballeveryafternoon.5.either…or….neither…nor…notonly…butalso…连接两个主语，谓语动词有靠近它的主语决定，即就近原则。NotonlymyparentsbutalsoIamlookingforwardtomeetingmyuncle.Eitheryouorheisright.\n6.therebe句型的be动词由靠近它的主语决定，即就近原则。Thereisatableandmanydesksintheroom.7.oneof+复数名词+V三单oneofthewomenisfromAmerica.二十、dreamofdoingsthachieve/cometrueIbelieveIwillachievemydreamoneday.=Ibelievemydreamwillcometrueoneday.二十一、receive/acceptI’vereceivedherinvitationtotheparty,butIdidn’tacceptit,becauseI’mbusy.二十二、辨析sothatso…..that….such….That…1)sothat=inorderthatheworkshardsothathecanmakemoremoney.2)such修饰强调名词。such+a/an+adj+n+that从句Maryissuchayounggirlthatshecan’tgotoschool.such+adj+不可数名词、复数名词+that从句3)so修饰强调adj或adv.so+adj/adv+that从句Heissocleverthathecanworkoutalltheproblems.4）当名词由many,much,few,little修饰时，只能用sosomany/few+可数名词复数+that从句somuch/little+不可数名词+that从句TherearesomuchtimethatIcanplaywithfriends.5)too…to…=not…enoughto….=so…..that….二十三、短语。bewillingtodosthbesimilartoitseemsthat…seemtodosthholdonto..accordingto二十四、定语从句（详见Unit6-7）1）一般情况下，that可指人，也可指物，可代替who,whom,which;但不能和介词搭配。Which指物who,whom,whose指人where指某地when指某时Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople’health.Iliketheplaceswherepeoplearefriendly.2）掌握that的几种特殊用法（详见书上）3）掌握whom,which与介词的用法Units8-12一、volunteerone’stimetodosth自愿花费时间做某事二、makeaplantodosth=plantodosth计划或某事三、takeafter=besimilarto和….相似四、repair=fixup修理五、thankyou(thanks)fordoingsth六、lke表举例时“像….”其后如果跟动词必须用doing七、be(get)usedtodoingsth习惯于做某事usedtodosth过去常常做某事beusedtodosth=beusedfordoingsth（某物）被用于做某事八、辨析bring,take,carry,fetchbring拿来take带走carry携带，搭乘，运载，抬fetch取回九、adj/adv+enough足够…..enough+n足够的….十、divide…..into…..把….划分成…十一、thepopularityofbasketballhasrisenworldwide.popularity人口+V三单十二、thenumberof(…..的数量)+V三单anumberof(大量的)+V复数十三、dreamofdoingsth梦想做某事十四、happen=takeplace(没有被动语态)十五、辨析forgettodosth忘记去做某事forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事leave(left)sthsomewhere把（某物）忘在某地lose–lost--lost丢失十六、到达arriveat/in+地点getto+地点reach+地点注明：如果后面不跟地点只能用arrive十七、ontime准时intime按时十八、wakeup醒来wake–woke–wakenhangout闲逛十九、wait(for)sbtodosth等待某人做某事二十、invitesbtodosth邀请某人做某事invitesbtosomewhere邀请某人去某地二十一、辨析embarrassed/embarrassing二十二、showup出现、出席stayup熬夜二十三、dressup装扮、打扮dresssb(in)给（某人）穿衣服wear穿着、戴着（表状态）puton穿上（表动作）二十四、hundredsof数百的、thousandsof数千的、millionsof数百万的、billionsof数十亿的。数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion几百、几千、几百万、几十亿二十五、marrysb嫁给（某人）getmarried和（某人）结婚二十六、sellout卖完sell–sold–sold二十七、therebe句型中的be动词用is还是are，取决于靠近它的主语是单数还是复数。二十八、问路方式：1、Couldyoutellme(Doyouknow)howtogetto……?2、Couldyoutellmethewayto….?\n1、CouldyoutellmewhereIcan(dosth)..?2、Couldyoutellmewhere….is?3、Couldyoutellmeifthereis/are…..aroundhere?二十九、beinterestedin=takeaninterestin+n/doing三十、宁愿做某事，而不愿做某事。1)prefertodosthratherthandosth2)wouldratherdosththandosth3)preferdoingtodoingsth注：(rather)than后面的动词形式与前面的并列成分一致。三十一、lookfor寻找find找到、发现findout查明、弄清楚三十二、beconvenienttodosth方便做某事三十三、havefun=haveagoodtime=enjoyoneself玩得高兴havefundoingsth做某事很愉快三十四、agoodplacetodosth做某事的好地方三十五、dressupas….打扮成三十五、when（一般后跟过去时）while（一般后跟进行时）三十六、it’snecessarytodosth做某事很有必要三十七、borrow…..from….向….借….lendsthtosb借给某人某物.keep借并保存一定时间.常与一段时间连用。I’vekeptthisbookforaweek.我已经借了这本书一周了三十八、wonder=wanttoknow想知道三十九、trouble打扰、麻烦havetrouble/difficult/problem/ahardtime+doingsth做某事很困难四十、inorderto……为了…..Inordernottobelate,herushtothebusstop.四十一、besupposedtodosth（不）应该做某事..四十二、dropby顺便拜访四十三、afterall毕竟捡起，挑选pickup指着pointatmakeanoise制造噪音沿着….一直走….walkdown…四十四、make的用法make+adjmakesbdosth(hear,watch,see,have等用法相同)（但变为被动语态时，其后加toMymothermademetowork5hours.Iwasmadetowork5hours.四十五、makemistake犯错四十六、辨析except/besidesexcept（除…..之外）EveryonewenttothebeachexceptJim.besides（除….之外，包括在内）IhavealotoffriendsbesidesMary.四十七、find(think)it+adj+todosth.发现、认为做某事是……四十八、不再…..not……anymore(anylonger)=nomore(nolonger)语法专项动词的分类和时态一、动词短语。（1）动词+介词lookat,listento,lookafter,lookfor,waitfor,takeafter,dependon,thinkof,handin,hearfrom,hearof,studyfor等，此类动词后的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都只能放在介词后。Lookattheblackboard.Lookafteritcarefully.（2）动词+副词turnoff,turnon,turnup,turndown,pickup,setup,cheerup,cleanup,workout,putup,fixup,cutup,giveout,giveup,giveaway,putaway,thinkover,putoff,useup,handout,mixup,lookup,eatup等.此类动词后的宾语是名词时,放在副词前后都可,若是代词,必须放在中间.Heturnoffthelightwhenheleft.Hepickeditupandgiveittome.⑶其他动词短语：getalongwith,takepridein,payattentionto,makegooduseof,beproudof,keepawayfrom,bebusywith,bemadeof,begoodat,beinterestedin,comeupwith,besatisfiedwith三、非延续动词。buy,lend,borrow,die,begin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,come等。不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，要用延续动词替换。（详见现在完成时）四、系动词。be,become,get,look,seem,turn,sound,smell,taste,feel,keep五、助动词。be,have,has,do,does,did,will,shall(详见P54)Ⅰ、动词的五种基本形式(详见P55)Ⅱ、用法：⑴一般现在时。1、肯定句：主语+V原+其他。Iusuallygotoschoolbybus.主语（三单）+V三单Sheplaystennisonceaweek.疑问句：Do+主语+V原……？Does+主语（三单）+V原……？否定句：主语+don’t+V原.主语（三单）+doesn’t+V原.2、用法：⑴表示经常或习惯性发生的动作。⑵表示客观真理、事实。Theearthgoesaroundthesun.⑶在时间、条件等状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。(if,assoonas,until,when)\nIfitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgotothepark.WhenIgrowup,I’llgotoParis.1、时间状语：Always,often,sometimes,usually,onSunday,onMondayafternoon,everyday/month/year/week,inthemorning,onceayear,twiceaday,threetimesaday等⑵一般过去时。1、⑴表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。Igotuplatethismorning.⑵表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。WhenIwasinthecountryside.Ioftenswamintheriver.Iusedtogofishing.2、结构：肯定句：主语+V过去+其他。Wevisitedthemuseumlastweek.MyfriendTomwenttothebeachyesterday.疑问句：Did+主语+V原……？Didyougoshoppingwithhim?Didshecookdinnerforherfamily?否定句：主语+didn’t+V原……。Hedidn’tgotoseethemovielastSunday.3、动词的规则变化。4、时间状语：Yesterday,lastnight/week/year/month,lastSunday,in1995,theotherday,justnow,ago等⑶一般将来时。1、用法。①表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。其构成：will+V原肯定句：TheywillleaveforShanghainextweek.否定句：Wewon’tvisithimtomorrow.疑问句：WillyougotoShanghaiintwoweeks?(注：当主语为I或we时，问句中可用shall)whereshallwemeettomorrow?②begoingto+V原表示计划、打算做某事。---whatareyougoingtodonextSunday?---Iamgoingtolistentomusic.Lookattheclouds,thereisgoingtorain.③现在进行时be+Ving有时可以表示将来。常用这种结构的动词：go,come,leave,stay,start,arriveWe’releavingforLondon.（4）现在进行时1、构成：肯定句：主语+is/am/are+ving疑问句：Is/Am/Are+主语+ving否定句：主语+isn’t/amnot/aren’t+ving2、用法：①表示正在进行的动作I’mreadingbooknow.②表示现阶段正在进行的动作或状态。Theyarestudyinghardthisterm.3、时间状语now,thesedays,当句中有look,listen,can’tyousee,canyousee时Listen!Heissinging.(5)现在完成时1、already/yet已经already一般用于肯定，与完成时态和进行时连用，也可以用于疑问句，表惊讶。Ihavealreadyfinishedmywork.yet一般用于否定或疑问句。Hasshegonetoschoolyet?Hisparentshaven’tbeentoParisyet.2、现在完成时表示从过去开始延续到现在的动作，常与for,since连用.现在完成时表示动作才刚结束，但影响还在。Ihavelostmypen.(结果是我的笔丢失了，我现在没有钢笔了)--haveyoufoundyourwatchyet?--No,Ihaven’tfoundityet.Ihavelivedherefor10years.我已经在这里住了10年（可能还会继续住下去）3、结构：肯定句：主语+have/has+V过分疑问句：Have/Has+主语+V过分否定句：主语+haven’t/hasn’t+V过分4、时间状语yet,already,recently,just,once,never,ever,sofar,thesedays.since+过去的时间点/过去时态for+一段时间inthelast(past)+一段时间5、延续和非延续动词。在现在完成时中，有些动词不能与一段时间搭配，所以在与for,since引导的肯定句搭配时，要用其他动词替代：buy---haveborrow---keepdie---bedeadgo/leave/move---beaway(from)begin/start---beonfallasleep---beasleepfinish/end---beoverjoin---bein/bea+名词come---behereopen---beopenclose---beclosedI’velefttheschoolfor3years.()I’vebeenawayfromtheschoolfor3years.()6、辨析have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto,havehasbeeninhave/hasbeento…曾经去过某地，现在已经回来IhavebeentoParis3times.have/hasgoneto…去了某地，现在还没回来，可能还在路上。--whereisyourfather?---hehasgonetoShanghai.have/hasbeenin…已经在某地（呆了多久）MyfamilyhavebeeninChengdufor20years(6)过去进行时1、结构was/were+doing2、用法\n①表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作---whatwereyoudoingat9:30lastnight?---IwaswatchingTV.3、when一般接一般过去时Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenmyfathercamehome.while一般接进行时Whilemymotherwascleaning,Iwentout.Hewasplayingbasketballwhileshewasreadingbooks.（7）过去完成时1、过去完成时表示过去某个时间以前好或过去某个动作以前，已经发生的动作或状态。（过去的过去）WhenIgottoschool,IrealizedIhadleftmybackpackathone.Bythetimeshegottoclass,theteacherhadstartedteaching.2、结构：had+V过分3、时间状语：bythetime+表示过去的时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时。Bythetimewearrivedattheshop,thebushadleft.动词、短语辨析1、dress,puton,weardresssb/oneself(in)给某人穿衣。Shedressedherbabyinaredskirt.dressup打扮、装扮Thegirldressedherselfupantwenttotheparty.Puton（动作）穿上It’scoldoutside,putonyourcoat.wear=bein穿着、戴着LilywearsT-shirteveryday.=LilyisinT-shirteveryday.2、arrive,get,reacharrive+at/in+地点WhendidyouarriveinChengdu?getto+地点Howdoyougettoschool?reach+地点Whenshereachedthesupermarket,hermotherisshopping.3、die,dead,death,dyingdie（动词）死亡→（过去时）diedHisfrienddied3yearsago.dead（die的过去分词，用于完成时，与for,since搭配）Hisfriendhasbeendeadfor3years.death（名词）死亡Hisdeathistheloss（损失）ofChina.dying垂死的Thepoormanisdying.1、lose,forget,leavelose丢失、失去forget忘记forgettodosth/forgetdoingsthleave+地点“把某物落在某地）2、以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t---MustIfinishtheworktoday?---No,youneedn’t.---MayIcomein?---No,youmusn’t.非谓语动词一、动词不定式1、结构to+V原/notto+V原2、用法①作主语+V三单TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus.②作表语Myjobistocleantheroom.③作宾语Helikestoplaysoccer.④作宾语补足语Sheaskedmenottospeakloudly.⑤作定语Haveyougotanythingtoeat?⑥作状语IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.（表目的）注：作宾语的不定式如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加介词。Idon’thaveenoughtimetostudyforthetest,soIhavesomethingtoworryabout.Ineedaroomtolivein不定式作宾语：want,refuse,wish,need,choose,hope,agree,wouldlike,offer,expect,decide,ask+todosthIhopetofindagoodjobaftergraduatingfromschool.不定式作宾补：tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourage+sb(not)todosthMymotherasksmenottoplaycomputergamesbeforefinishinghomework.不带to的不定式:whynot+do…?Hadbetter(not)dosth.Wouldbetter(not)do…Could/Would/Willyou(not)do…..?另外，有些感官动词和使役动词也不带to:Hear,see,watch,notice,feel,let,make,have+sb(not)do….但变为被动时，要加toThebossmadethemworkthewholeday.Theyweremadetoworkthewholeday.（被动）感叹句（一）what引导1、what+a/an+adj+可数名词单数+主语+谓语Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!2、what+adj+可数名词复数、不可数名词+主语+谓语Whatsweetwateritis!（二）how引导How+adj/adv+主语+谓语Howinterestingthefilmis!（三）如何判断用what还是how凡是有a/an开头，多用what；凡是adj直接加名词的，多用what；其他一般用how.状语从句一、时间状语从句when,while,as,before,after,since,until,assoonas.(1)当主语是一般将来时或祈使句或有情态动词时，从句用一般现在时，“主将从现”I’llringyouassoonasIgettoschool.我一到学校就打电话给你。\n(1)肯定句：until=till直到I’llwaitforyouuntilyoucomeback.否定句：until=beforenot….until直到….才……Ididn’tgotobeduntilIfinishedmyhomework.。二、条件状语从句if,aslongas（只要）,unless（除非）主将从现I’llvisityouifitdoesn’traintomorrow.Useyourhead,andyou’llfindaway.Unlessyouworkhard,you’llgetagoodjob.Ifthetrafficlightsaregreen,youcancrossthestreet.宾语从句一、宾语从句的语态。宾语从句要用陈述语态---Doyouknow______forShanghailastnight?A.whattimeheleavesB.whattimedidheleaveC.whattimeheleft.二、主句与从句时态一致。1、如果主句用现在的某个时态，宾语从句视实际情况而定。Iwonderifyoucanhelpme.我想知道你是否能帮我。2、主过---从过HetoldmethathewouldtakepartinEnglishclub.他告诉我他将参加英语俱乐部。HeaskedmeifIusedhisbike.他问我是否我用过他的自行车。1、如果是客观事实，宾语从句用一般现在时。Jimtoldmethattheearthisround.Jim告诉我地球是圆的。三、连接词1、that可省略，that作主语时不能省。2、what,which,who,whose,whomHeaskedmewhosethebookis.3、when,how,where,whyCouldyoutellmewheretherestaurantis.Doyouknowhowtogettothebank?2、if/whether是否以下情况只能用whether:与ornot连用Canyoutellmewhetherwegoornot.作介词后的宾语从句I’mworriedaboutwhetherweshouldstudyeachother,跟不定式todoHaveyoudecidedwhethertogowithus.定语从句的用法定语从句中只能使用that的情况　　1.当先行词为anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时，只能使用“that”。例：IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?(我能给你做点什么吗？)2.当先行词为all，any，much，many词时，只能使用“that”。例：Tomtoldhermotherallthathadhappened.(汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。)3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用“that”。例：ThisisthemostwonderfultimethatIhaveeverhad.(这是我度过的最美好的时光。)4.当先行词是序数词修饰时，只能使用“that”。例：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。　　5.先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast修饰时，只能使用“that”。例：Thiswillbethelastchancethathecanget.(这将会是他得到的唯一机会。)　Heistheonlypersonthatcanhelpyouout.(他是唯一能帮你的人。)6.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能使用“that”。例：Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.(他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。)7.当主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时，只能使用“that”。例：Whichisthebookthatheboughtfromthelibraryyesterday?(哪本是你们昨天从图书馆借的书？)注意：●指物时，在介词后只能用which，而不能用that.●定词从句修饰代表地点、时间的先行词时,要看代表先行词的关系词在定语从句中是否作谓语动词的宾语.如作动词的宾语,就要用关系代词that或which引导定语从句.反之,要用关系副词where（表地点）或when（表时间）,在定语从句中作状语.如:Marywouldneverforgettheeveningwhenshelostthebook.I’vebeentothecitythatyouvisitedlastweek.被动语态注意事项●构成被动语态表明一个被动性动作，它由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。一般现在时am/is/are+pp.一般过去时was/were+pp.一般将来时willbe+pp.am/is/aregoingtobe+pp.情态动词may/can/must/shouldbe+pp.被动语态否定式为benot+pp.，情态动词被动语态否定式为情态动词＋notbe+pp..●主动语态变为被动语态时，通常将主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语；主动语态的主语变为由介词by引导的宾语；谓语动词变为被动语态“be+过去分词”形式，例如：Everyonelikestheinterestingfilm.(主动语态)→Theinterestingfilmislikedbyeveryone.(被动语态)Theyusedknivestocutthings.(主动语态)→Knivesareusedtocutthings.(被动语态)●某些动词可以跟双宾语如give、pass、bring、write；buy、make等，在变为被动语态时如果直接宾语变为被动语态中的主语，则间接宾语通常由介词to、for引出。例如：Mysistergavemeanicewatchformybirthday.→Anicewatchwasgiventomebymysisterformybirthday.我过生日时收到了姐姐的一块手表。Theyhaveboughtusmanybooks.→Manybookshavebeenboughtforusbythem.很多书都是由他们给我们买的。●某些动词make、hear、see、watch等在主动语态中，其宾语补足语要求用不带to的不定式。但在变为被动语态时通常省略的不定式符号to必须恢复。如：Hemadeuscleantheclassroomafterschool.→Weweremadetocleantheclassroomafter\nschool.我们被迫在放学后打扫教室。Isawhimcomeintotheroom.→Hewasseentocomeintotheroom.人们看见他进了屋子。●在主动语态中如果谓语动词是含有介词或副词的短语动词，变为被动语态时不能丢掉该介词或副词。如：Theymusttakegoodcareofthechildren.→Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof.孩子们必须小心照看。●英语中某些动词如sell、lock、draw、smell、touch、feel、sounds、write、beworthdoing、sth.needsdoing等可以用主动表示被动意义。如：Thiskindofbookssellswell.这种书畅销。Thedoorwon’tlock.门锁不上。