高考英语 情态动词用法与高考课件 61页

人教版高中英语必修三情态动词ModalVerbs\n情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词。不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。例如：Wecanbethereontimetomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。MayIhaveyourname?我能知道你的名字吗？Shallwebeginnow?我们现在就开始吗？Youmustobeytheschoolrules.你必须遵守校规。canMayShallmust情态动词的基本用法\n情态动词无人称和数的变化,后面接动词原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加“not”。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,但时态性不强,过去式并不只是表示过去，也可用来更加客气、委婉地表达现在甚至将来时间的情况。情态动词一般不能连用。例如：Hecouldbeheresoon.他很快就来。could情态动词的基本特点\n1）除ought和used外，情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把oughtto和usedto看做是固定词组的话，那么，所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式：Weusedtogrowbeautifulroses.Iaskedifhewouldcomeandrepairmytelevisionset.2）情态动词在谓语中总是位居最前面：Theyneednothavebeenpunishedsoseverely.3）情态动词没有数的变化：Shedarenotsaywhatshethinks.4）除beableto外，没有非限定形式，即没有不定式、分词和动名词形式：Notbeingabletohelpher,hefeltsorry.5）情态动词的“时”的形式不是时间区别的标志。在不少场合，情态动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间：WouldyoumindverymuchifIaskyoutodosomething?Shetoldhimheoughtnottohavedoneit.6）情态动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个谓语动动词中只能出现一个情态助动词：Youshouldhavewashedthewound.usedtowouldneeddareWouldoughttoshould具体特点\n年份推测虚拟语气情感、态度必要性其他2004403602005130220200632242200763133200873121200942420合计371013217高考中的情态动词特点(湖北卷完成句子题中07年2题，08和09年未考)\n高考中的情态动词特点情态动词040506070809合计can(n’t)31526017could0300115may0110316might1001002should(n’t)41152316shall/shan’t2011004need(n’t)1220005must(n’t)26242521will0100001合计13151213141077\nTomisstrong.Hecanlifttheheavybox.(physicalability)IcanseeCentralParkfrommyapartment.(usedwithverbsofsenses)Havingbeentakinglessonsforyears,Mariacanplaythepiano.(skill)Atthehardwarestoreyoucanbuyahammer.(logicalpossibility)Tomisnotup,butyoucanleaveifyourworkisfinished.(permission)(spoken)Thepolicearedoingalltheycantofindher.Canwegohomenow,please?(askingforpermission)Youcan’tbehungryalready—youhadlunchonlytwohoursago!(08浙江)Shecan’thaveleftschool,forherbikeisstillhere.(2008天津)MyMP4playerisn’tinmybag.WherecanIhaveputit?(07福建25)(doubt/deductionaboutpossibility)(surpriseatpossibility)ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butitcanberathercoldsometime.(2008福建)can的主要用法\nshould的主要用法____(对正确而明智的事情的建议)______—Idon’tcarewhatpeoplethink.—Well,youshould.(09四川)—I’msorry.Ishouldn’thaveshoutedatyoutheotherday.(2008江苏)—Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.—How’syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?(07海南、宁夏27)—Itshouldbe,butitisnowheavilypolluted.—Mycat’sreallyfat.(07浙江15)—Youshouldn’thavegivenhersomuchfood.—How’syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?—Itshouldbe,butitisnowheavilypolluted.(07全国27)(正确而明智的做法本来应该是什么但事实上没有这样做)(提出建议或征求意见—“该”)—TurnofftheTV,Jack.Shouldn'tyoubedoingyourhomeworknow?—Mum,justtenmoreminutes,please.(07辽宁30)Whatdoyoumean,thereareonlytentickets?Thereshouldbetwelve.(09海南)(正确的数量或正确的方法—“应该是”)Accordingtotheairtrafficrules,youshouldswitchoffyourmobilephonebeforeboarding.(08年上海卷)(表示命令或指示、要求)Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifitshouldbreakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.(09天津)(表示某事发生或出现的可能性“应该”不大——“万一”)\nshould的主要用法____(对正确而明智的事情的建议)______—Idon’tcarewhatpeoplethink.—Well,youshould.(09四川)—I’msorry.Ishouldn’thaveshoutedatyoutheotherday.(2008江苏)—Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.—How’syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?(07海南、宁夏27)—Itshouldbe,butitisnowheavilypolluted.—Mycat’sreallyfat.(07浙江15)—Youshouldn’thavegivenhersomuchfood.—How’syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?—Itshouldbe,butitisnowheavilypolluted.(07全国27)(正确而明智的做法本来应该是什么但事实上没有这样做)(提出建议或征求意见—“该”)—TurnofftheTV,Jack.Shouldn'tyoubedoingyourhomeworknow?—Mum,justtenmoreminutes,please.(07辽宁30)Whatdoyoumean,thereareonlytentickets?Thereshouldbetwelve.(09海南)(正确的数量或正确的方法—“应该是”)Accordingtotheairtrafficrules,youshouldswitchoffyourmobilephonebeforeboarding.(08年上海卷)(表示命令或指示、要求)Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifitshouldbreakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.(09天津)(表示某事发生或出现的可能性“应该”不大——“万一”)\nIcan’tleave.ShetoldmethatImuststayhereuntilshecomesback.(09全国2)Incrowdedplaceslikeairportsandrailwaystations,youmusttakecareofyourluggage.(07北京26)(表说话人主观上认为因为必要/重要或法律或命令而“必须”)WhenIwasyoung,IwastoldthatImustn’tplaywithmatches.(2008上海春招)(表按规则、规章不应该—“禁止”)(表示很有把握的主观推断——“想必/准是/一定”)—Hi,Tom.AnyideawhereJaneis?—Shemustbeintheclassroom.Isawhertherejustnow.(09重庆)ItmusthavebeenTomthatparkedthecarhere,asheistheonlyonewithacar.(09上海)—It’stheoffice!Soyoumustknoweatingisnotallowedhere.—Oh,sorry.(09湖南)—Guesswhat!IhavegotAformytermpaper.—Great!Youmusthavereadwidelyandputalotofworkintoit.(07上海29)—Shelooksveryhappy.Shemusthavepassedtheexam.(07江苏22)—Iguessso.It’snotdifficultafterall.John,lookatthetime.Mustyouplaythepianoatsuchalatehour?(05年全国III19)(口语中提醒听话人,告知你对他的行为不满,译为“偏要/偏偏”)—MayIsmokehere?(06山东30)—Ifyoumust,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.—CouldIhaveawordwithyou,mum?—Ohdear,ifyoumust.(06浙江19)(口语中告诉对方你不赞成其所进行的事但如对方坚持则允许)—Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?—Well,ifyoumustknow,hernameisMabel.(04天津31)(口语中表示说话人认为对方不应该问某事)must的主要用法\nIcan’tleave.ShetoldmethatImuststayhereuntilshecomesback.(09全国2)Incrowdedplaceslikeairportsandrailwaystations,youmusttakecareofyourluggage.(07北京26)(表说话人主观上认为因为必要/重要或法律或命令而“必须”)WhenIwasyoung,IwastoldthatImustn’tplaywithmatches.(2008上海春招)(表按规则、规章不应该—“禁止”)(表示很有把握的主观推断——“想必/准是/一定”)—Hi,Tom.AnyideawhereJaneis?—Shemustbeintheclassroom.Isawhertherejustnow.(09重庆)ItmusthavebeenTomthatparkedthecarhere,asheistheonlyonewithacar.(09上海)—It’stheoffice!Soyoumustknoweatingisnotallowedhere.—Oh,sorry.(09湖南)—Guesswhat!IhavegotAformytermpaper.—Great!Youmusthavereadwidelyandputalotofworkintoit.(07上海29)—Shelooksveryhappy.Shemusthavepassedtheexam.(07江苏22)—Iguessso.It’snotdifficultafterall.John,lookatthetime.Mustyouplaythepianoatsuchalatehour?(05年全国III19)(口语中提醒听话人,告知你对他的行为不满,译为“偏要/偏偏”)—MayIsmokehere?(06山东30)—Ifyoumust,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.—CouldIhaveawordwithyou,mum?—Ohdear,ifyoumust.(06浙江19)(口语中告诉对方你不赞成其所进行的事但如对方坚持则允许)—Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?—Well,ifyoumustknow,hernameisMabel.(04天津31)(口语中表示说话人认为对方不应该问某事)must的主要用法\n情态动词意义及用法用于句式和人称can/could表示人或动物的内在能力。因有某种知识或者技能而有能力做某事。有时可以和beableto互换。Hehurthisfootandcouldn't(wasn'tableto)playfootball.他脚受了伤，所以他不能踢足球了。用于肯定，否定和疑问句。表示能力的情态动词的用法beableto指在具体的困境中有能力做成某一事情。(=manageto)Becauseheworkedhard,hewasabletopasshisexamination.因为他努力工作，所以他能及格。与感官动词和believe,decide,remember,understand以及“be+过去分词”连用时用can/could:Ican'tdecidewheretogoformyholidays.\n情态动词意义及用法用于句式和人称其它may/might表示事实上具体的可能,某事可能要发生或某时可能正在发生。Itmayraintomorrow.明天可能下雨。might表示的是可能性比may小一些逻辑上或事实上的可能。Whatyousaidmightbetrue.你说的可能对。may强调事实上具体的可能。can强调理论上总的的可能。Helookspale.Hemaybeill.他脸色苍白，可能有病。Heisinpoorhealth.Hecanbeillatanytime.他体质很差，任何时候都有可能生病。一般用于肯定和否定陈述句，用于否定时否定动词。Might语气弱，可用于疑问句。Hemaynotbeathome.他可能不在家。Thenewsmay,ormaynot,betrue.这个消息可能是，也可能不是真实的。might可用于含条件从句的句子中：Ifyoutooksomeexercise,youmightnotbesofat.要是你锻炼锻炼，可能不会这样胖。重读“may”时表示可能。He'maynotgotomorrow.重读“not"时表示“允许”。Hemay'notgotomorrow表示“可能性”的情态动词的用法(表一)maycan表可能性时，may不用于问句，而用could(n‘t),belikely或(正式)might：e.g.Coulditbethatyoudon'twanttoleave?AreyoulikelytobevisitingGreeceagainthissummer?Mighttheybepersuadedtochangetheirminds?\n表示“可能性”的情态动词的用法(表二)情态动词意义及用法用于句式和人称其它can/couldcan表示逻辑上或理论上总的可能性，而could是实际上具体而又不把握的可能性。Canitbetrue?这会是真的吗？Anybodycanmakemistake.任何人都可能犯错误。(总的)Theweatherherecouldbeverycoldinwinter.冬天这儿的天气有时很冷。(具体)肯定句表示说话人认为理论上总的有可能；否定句表示说话人很把握的否定；疑问句表示说话人对可能性的怀疑。Hecan'tbeathome.他不可能在家。Anaccidentcanhappenifyoudothis.如果你这样做，可能会发生事故。注意：在肯定句中may强调事实上的具体的可能；can强调理论上的总的可能。Hemaynotbeathome.他可能不在家。表示理论上总的有可能存在或发生；而不表示实际上具体有发生的可能：Itcanberainingoutside.(误)___________________________________________________may/mightnot相当于汉语中的“可能不会”；而can’t/couldn’t相当于“不可能会”。\n表示“可能性”的情态动词的用法(表三)must1)表示说话人对某事有把握的猜测，认为逻辑上是必然的。Thismustbethebookyouwant.这肯定是你要的那本书。2)表示根据逻辑必然发生的事。Allmenmustdie.人都是要死的。一般用于肯定句。Theremustbeamistake.肯定有错误。可用于否定一般疑问句。Mustn'ttherebeanotherreasonforhisbehavior?他的行为肯定没有另外的原因吗？will/would1)表示说话人对将来和现在的预测，认为肯定会发生。Ithinkhewillbeallrightnow.我想他现在一定好了。Thatwouldbehismother.那肯定是他母亲。2)有时表示某种倾向和习惯性。He'lltalkforhoursifyougivethechance.如果给他机会，他会谈上几个小时。Onthemagneticequatortheneedlewouldremainhorizontal.在磁赤道上磁针会保持水平。would可表示过去常常。Hewouldgetupveryearly.过去他常常起的很早。表示可能性时说话人的把握程度现在时否定形式__________________________过去时否定形式将来时肯定形式\n(对可能性的推断)________________________________________\n表示“可能性”的情态动词的用法(表四)oughtto表示说话人较有把握的猜测—“估计应该”，与should可互换。Youshould/oughttohavereceivedthereportbynow.Ienjoyedherfirstnovel,sothenewoneshould/oughttobegood.Theyoughttobetherebynow.他们现在一定到那了。一般用于肯定和否定句。should/shall表示说话人较有把握的猜测—“估计应该/将会”：ThatshouldbeJanetcomingupstairsnow.正在上楼的准是珍妮特。Ishallberichoneday.总有一天我会发财的。多用于第一人称。\n情态动词意义及用法用于句式和人称回答形式注意can/could表示说话人请求许可自己能够做某事：CanIgowithyou?我能跟你一起去吗？用could比用can更加表示说话人的迟疑不决,当说话时没有把握得到允许时,这样更婉转。CouldIaskyousomething?我可以问你一件事吗？Couldyougivemeahand?你可以帮我一下吗？用于肯定句和否定句和疑问句。一般用于第一,二人称。cannot表“禁止”。Youcannotsmokeinthebus.公共汽车上不许吸烟。CanIcarryyourbag?我来替你提包好吗？CouldIgiveyoudinneroneofthesedays?这几天我请你吃顿饭行吗？Can'tyoudoittomorrow?你不能明天做吗？肯定回答,一般是Yes,please.thanks。肯定回答,不能用could—CouldIuseyourphone?—Yes,ofcourseyoucan.1)要注意,在请求“允许”的用法中,could并不表示过去,它指的是将来。2)一般不用来表示过去一次性的允许。DuringthemeetingIcouldaskquestions.(误)表示“许可、请求”的情态动词(表一)\n表示“许可、请求”的情态动词(表二)may/might指许可主语可以某事。同can相比，may和might比较正式,含有尊敬之意；而can较口语化。might表示比较迟疑、婉转。不很常用。Youmaysmoke.你可以吸烟。Visitorsmayascendthetower.参观者可以登塔。Youmightpostthisletterforme.是否请你给我寄一下封信。MayImakeasuggestion?我可以提个建议？MightIborrowyourbike?我可以借用你的自行车吗？可以用于肯定,疑问和否定句。否定表示不许可做某事。通常在官方公告中,否定情态动词：Studentsmaynotstayoutaftermidnight.学生午夜后不得在外逗留。用于问句和条件句表示请求。IfImaysayso,youarenotright.你是不对的,如果我可以这么说的话。—MayIgonow?—Yes,youmay.否定回答一般用mustn't或cannot,也可以maynot。—MayIcomein?我可以进去吗？—No,youmustn't.不,你不许进。肯定回答是sure,certainly,ofcourse,不能用might—MightItroubleyouforalight?—Youmayindeed.—我可以向你借火吗？—当然可以”注意,在请求允许的用法中,might并不是过去时,它指的都是将来时。\n表示“许可、请求”的情态动词(表三)情态动词意义及用法用于句式和人称回答形式must表示“许可”时常常表示按规则、规章等“不许”和“禁止”某人做某事。Carsmustnotbeparkedhere.此地不准停车。一般用于否定句。mustnot比maynot语气强硬。Youmustn'tplayfootballinthestreet,children.孩子们,不准在马路上踢球。shall表示建议/征求对方意见让对方决定。ShallIopenthewindow?Shallwetakeumbrellawithus?我们带雨伞好吗？一般用于第一、三人称疑问句。ShallIopenthewindow?我可以开窗户吗？Shallhecometoseeyou?要不要他来看你？肯定回答,一般是ofcourse；certainly；yes,please。否定回答,一般是no,thanks。will/would表示请求(问对方是否愿意做某事)。would更委婉、客气。Will/Wouldyoupassmethesalt,please?Shutthedoor,willyou?一般用于第二人称疑问句。Will/Wouldyouspellyourname?请你拼一下你的名字好吗？肯定回答,一般是sure/certainly。\n情态动词意义及用法句式和人称shall/shouldshall表示在条约、规章和法令等文件中的规定。Allpaymentsshallbemadeincash.Eachplayershallwearanumber.should表示主语应该做某种正确而明智的事，是说话人的劝告。强调主观。语气比must轻。Youshouldn'tjudgeamanalwaysbytheclothes.你不应该总是以貌取人。用于各人称陈述句。ThenewregulationshalltakeeffectonOct.1st.新章程十月一实施。oughttoshould和oughtto的含义大致相同—表对做某种正确而明智的事的建议或者责任、义务(与I连用时用should)。YououghttogoandseeMarytomorrow.明天你应该去看玛丽。Youwereoutenjoyingyourselfwhenyououghttohavebeenstudying.‘Thissoupistoosalty!’‘Youshould/oughttosenditback.’(表建议)You‘llcatchcoldifyougooutlikethat.Ithinkyoushould/oughttotakeahat.(表建议)Peopleshould/oughttobewarned(=passive)ofthedangerofswimmingoffthisbeach.(责任、义务)Ishould/oughttovisitmyparentsmoreoften.(责任、义务)表示“应该”的情态动词的用法(表一)\n情态动词意义及用法句式和人称回答形式must表示说话人主观上认为因为必要/重要或法律或命令而“必须”。Youmustbethereontime.Wemustobeyorders.have(has)to表示因客观上的需要而“不得不”。Itistimeforthemeeting.Ihavetogonow.Youdon'thavetohurry.一般用于肯定句：Youmustcomeearlynexttime.疑问句中表示询问听话人的主观意见。MustIcomeearlytomorrow?用needn't或don'thavetomay/mightmay表示法律规章制度等允许“可以”做某事，语气比shall轻。用的较少。Paymentmaybepaidbycheck.might用来建议某人可以做某事。也可以用来提出批评。Itmightbeagoodideatoputthoseplantsintheshade.Youmightaskbeforeyouborrowmycar.表示“应该”的情态动词的用法(表二)\n情态动词意义及用法适用句式和人称will/would表示主语的“意愿”，will不重读，可用缩写式。I’llworkashardasIcan.Willyouaccepthisoffer?你愿意接受他的报价吗？Would比will语气更婉转。Would/Willyouhaveanothercupoftea?各种人称肯定句。二，三人称疑问句中询问主语是否愿意做某事，并可用于条件句中。Willyouhavesometea?Ifhewillhecancome.Wouldyouexcuseme?shall/should表示说话人的强烈意图、允诺、命令、警告、决心等。Youshalldowhatyouaretoldto.Heshallgethismoney.Youshallgetpaidintime.陈述句二、三人称。在疑问句中则表示征询听话人的愿意。Shallyoudosomeshoppingwithme?表示“意愿、意图”的情态动词的用法\n类别用法举例能力1.能力—人或物先天具备或后天习得的能力Icanclimbthispole.Thepolicearedoingalltheycantofindher.Heisonlyfour,buthecanread.2.结果—与感官动词连用表示某种感官结果—看见、听见、摸到、闻到、尝到等(也是一种能力)Heretheyare—Icanseetheircar.Canyousmellsomethingburning?Ican'tunderstandwhyyou'resoupset.Hecan'trememberwhereheputthetickets.容许3.允许—给某人做某事的权力Youcan'tparkhere-it'sanoparkingzone.'Canwegohomenow,please?''Noyoucan't.‘Anypoliceofficercaninsistonseeingadriver'slicense.can/could(表一)can\n类别用法举例能力1.能力—间接引语中表示过去具备的能力Bythetimeshewaseight,shecouldreadGreekandLatin.IknewIcouldn'taffordtherent.许可2.允许—间接引语中表示过去给某人做某事的权力或表示现在被允许的较小可能性或更委婉Theteachersaidwecouldallgohome.IfIcouldn’tplantodoanythingIwantedto,I’dliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughasmuchofitaspossible.couldcan/could(表一)\n可能性(认为在逻辑上或理论上有发生某事的可能或怀疑、不相信某种可能)1.可能性—多用于非肯定句表不可能或对可能性的怀疑(问句中)，肯定句中表示理论/逻辑上总的可能性Therecanbenodoubtthatheisguilty.Canhestillbealiveafterallthistime?—Wouldyouliketogoswimmingwithmethisafternoon?—I'dloveto.ButI'mafraidIcan’t.Ihavetoomuchworktodo.2.请求许可—问某人有没有得到或做某事的可能性(用于口语)CanIhaveacigarette,please?Canyouhelpmeliftthisbox?3.不相信—用于否定句表示不相信某事的真实性(也是一种可能性)Thiscan'tbetherightroad.Hecan’thavefinishedwritingthepapernow.Hehadn’twrittenasinglewordwhenIlefthimtenminutesago.4.不应该—用于非肯定句表示某人不应该做某事(不应该有这样的可能性)Youcan'texpecttheworldtochangeovernight.Jill'sleftherhusband,butcanyoublameherafterthewayhetreatedher?5.惊讶、怀疑—(口语)非肯定句中表示对某种可能性的惊讶、生气Youcan'tbeserious!Theycan'thavearrivedalready,surely!Howcanyoubesostupid!6.可能会—表示有时候有发生某事的可能性Itcanbequitecoldhereatnight.Petercanbereallyannoying.7.吩咐—口语中用来生气地吩咐某人做某事(是一种可能性)Andyoucanstopthatquarrelling,thepairofyou.Ifyouwon'tkeepquiet,youcangetout.8.推测—对某种可能性进行推测或怀疑；若是现在已经发生或过去发生的事则用can+不定式完成体Michaelcan’tbeapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.TheT-shirtyouhavetakenbymistakecan’tbehers.Sheseldomwearsred.Davidcan’thavegonefar—hiscoat’sstillhere.can/could(表二)MyMP4playerisn’tinmybag.WherecanIhaveputit?(07福建25)Youdon’thavetoknowthenameoftheauthortofindabook.Youcanfindthebookbythetitle.(2008湖南)ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butitcanberathercoldsometime.(2008福建)Shecan’thaveleftschool,forherbikeisstillhere.(2008天津)Petercanbereallydifficultattimeseventhoughhe'sanicepersoningeneral.(2008辽宁)Youcan’tbehungryalready—youhadlunchonlytwohoursago!(08浙江)\n可能性1.可能性—表示现在或将来的比can小的可能性Itcouldbeweeksbeforewegetareply.Ifyou'renotcareful,youcouldgetintoevenworsetrouble.2.可能性—表示过去本有发生某事的可能性但没有发生(本可能)(事后认为可能)Somebodycouldhavebeenkilled.IcouldhavewarnedyouifIhadknownwhereyouwere.3.强调感情—口语中表示某人的某种感情的结果使得某人(过去)有可能IwassoangryIcouldhavekilledher.IwassorelievedIcouldhavekissedthemall.4.请求许可—问现在有没有得到某物或做某事的可能性(用于口语，比can更客气)Couldyouhelpmewiththeseboxes?CouldIhaveadrinkofwater,please?IwonderifIcouldjustaskyoutosignthis.5.建议—建议句中主语现在做某事(是比can小的可能性)Maybewecouldgettogethersometimenextweek.Couldn'tyougetoneofyourfriendstohelpyou?6.恼火—口语中对某人现在(不)可能做某事感到恼火Youcouldatleastsaythatyou'resorry.Howcouldyoubesostupid!7.“否定形式+比较级”表对某种现在或过去的可能性的强调'Howarethings?''Fine!Couldn'tbebetter.'Youcouldhavebeenmorecareful.8.客气—英国英语口语中表示现在吃/喝不下(可能性）'Wouldyoulikeanotherpieceofpie?''Oh,nothanks,Icouldn't.'9.推测—对过去的某种可能性的怀疑或推测，可能性比can小；若表示本可能而事实上没有做则用could+不定式完成体—I’vetakensomeoneelse’sgreensweaterbymistake.—ItcouldbeHarry’s.Healwayswearsgreen.Hepaidforaseat,whenhecouldhaveenteredfree.Ican’trememberwhenwewenttoNanjing,butcouldithavebeensometimelastsummer?现在或将来较小的可能性或委婉对过去的可能性的推测Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon’tthinkwecouldhavemanageditwithoutyou.(08山东)\n\n类别用法举例许可1.允许—表示给某人做某事的权力；问句中表示委婉礼貌地请求允许句中主语做某事Thankyou.Youmaygonow.Thereisasetofrulestoshowwhatmembersmayandmaynotdo.Youmaysitdownorstand,justasyouwish.Noonemayownmorethan10%oftheshares.MayIcomeinandwait?Mayweuseyourofficeforafewminutes?2.口语中表示礼貌的建议、询问(也是一种允许)Allthesethings,ifImaysayso,areentirelyirrelevant.Who,mayIask,isWotherspoon?MayIsuggestthatyouconsiderthematterfurtherbeforetakinganyaction.may\n类别用法举例允许1.英国英语口语中礼貌地请求对方允许主语做某事MightIborrowyourpen?IwonderifImightspeaktoyourson.2.间接引语中表示请求某人允许Heaskedifhemightcomeinandlookaround.might建议3.建议—礼貌地建议做某事Ifyouneedmoreinformation,youmighttrytheInternet.IthoughtwemightgotothenewChineserestaurantontheHighStreet.Itmightbeagoodideatoputthoseplantsintheshade.\n可能性3.可能性—肯定句中表示存在某事发生的事实上具体的可能性Somechemicalsmaycauseenvironmentaldamage.Theremaynotbeenoughmoneytopayfortherepairs.Helenmaygoonthetripwithus,butsheisn’tquitesureyet.4.建议—口语中，mayaswell表示建议句中主语应该做某事/没有理由不做某事/还是怎样为好Ifthere'snothingmoretodo,wemayaswellgotobed.Youmayaswelltellusnow-we'llfindoutsoonerorlater.5.祝愿/希望—正式场合表示对主语的祝愿/希望Weprayforthosewhodied—maytheyrestinpeace.Itisafinetraditionandlongmayitcontinue!Maypeacereturntothetroubledland!6.目的状语从句中表示使某事成为可能(正式场合）Theherosacrificeshislifesothathisfriendmaylive.7.maywell表示完全有理由做某事(很可能)；mayaswell口语中建议某人还是做某事好What'sallthenoise?''Youmaywellask.'Usersmaywellvisitsomeoftheotherservices.Ifthere'snothingmoretodo,wemayaswellgotobed.Youmayaswelltellusnow—we'llfindoutsoonerorlater.8.推测—表示对某事发生的事实可能性进行推测，若对已经发生了或过去发生的事进行事实上的可能性的推测，则用may/might/could+不定式完成体Well,Imayhavebeenwrong.Theymayhavecalledwhileyouwereout.SpencersaysClintonmayhavedoneworktoimprovelooks.NorthKoreamayhavedonenucleartest.9．尽管有某种可能性Imaybeslow,butatleastIdon'tmakestupidmistakes.Althoughthismaysoundlikeasimpleprocess,greatcareisneeded.Strangeasitmayseem,IalwaysfeltIbelongedhere.may—Whereismydictionary?IrememberIputithereyesterday.—Youmighthaveputitinthewrongplace.(07江西27)Althoughthismaysoundlikeasimpletask,greatcareisneeded.(2008四川)Somepeoplewhodon’tliketotalkmucharenotnecessarilyshy；theymayjustbequietpeople.(09安徽)Lizamaywellnotwanttogoonthetrip—shehatestraveling.(2008全国II)—Ican’tfindmypurseanywhere.—Youmayhavelostitwhileshopping.(2008重庆)\n可能性4.说话人没有把握的、现在或将来的具体情况的较小可能性Imightbeafewminuteslate.Shemightnotwanttocomewithus.Isupposehemighthavemissedthetrain.Thismightwellbeherlastpublicperformance.Oneoftheguardsmighteasilypanicandshootsomeone.5.间接引语中作为may的过去式表示过去的可能性Georgesaidhemightbeabletohelpyou.Ithoughttheymighthavegonehome.Shewasworriedthatwemightgethurt.6.对已经发生或过去发生的事进行的推测或过去本可能(但事实上没有发生/出现)的情况Itwasterrifying.Wemighthavebeenkilled.7.说话人对某人没有做本可能做的事感到恼怒Youmightatleastsaythankyou.Theymighthavecleanedupbeforetheyleft.8.间接引语中的目的状语从句中表示一种可能性IaskedfornamesandaddressessothatImightpassondetailstothepolice.might(08江西卷)Whatapity.Consideringhisabilityandexperience,hemighthavedonebetter.•'Whyisn'tTimhereyet?''Itmay/might/couldbebecausehismotherisillagain.'•Theremay/might/couldbesomecakeleft.I'llgoandlook.“Might”cansuggestthatthereislesspossibility,and“could”cansuggestthatwearegivinganopinionaboutwhichweareunsure.\n可能性9.mightIsay/ask/add等在英国英语口语中表示礼貌地提出自己的意见、问题MightIaskhowoldyouare?MightIjustsayhowlovelyitistoseeeveryoneheretoday.10.might(just)aswell表示建议某人做某事Isupposewemightaswellgohome.11.mightwell表示句中主语完全有理由做某事HemightwellhavequotedtherestofMr.Lincoln'ssentence.Otherwise,hisbasemightwelldecidethatitdoesnotmakeadifferencewhogetselectedandstayhome.12.尽管有某种可能性Hemightbenearlyseventeenbuthe'sstillveryimmature.Surprisingasitmightseem,sometouristsactuallyenjoytheBritishweather.Althoughshemightunderstandhisbeliefs,shecouldnotacceptthem.TryasImight,Icouldn'tworkouttheanswer.might表示过去本可能发生但实际上没发生的情况不能用can/may+havedone，必须用might/could+havedone：IfIhadn'tcomealongatthatmoment,Jimmight/couldhavebeentheonearrestedinsteadoftherealthief.Theplanmight/couldeasilyhavegonewrong,butinfactitwasagreatsuccess.\n\n类别用法举例将来1.表示将来一定会发生的事情；否定表一定不会发生AmeetingwillbeheldnextTuesdayat3p.m.Maybebythenyouwillhavechangedyourmind.Wewon'tseethemagainbeforeChristmas.意愿2.用来表示某人愿意或准备做某事，否定表拒绝或不听使唤DrWeirwillseeyounow.Thebabywon'teatanything.I'llgiveyouanotheropportunitytogetthecorrectanswer.Mum!Suewon'tgivemebackmypencilcase.Thelockwon'topenhoweverItry.3.口语中用来请某人做某事—询问某人是否愿意Willyouphonemelater?Shutthedoor,willyou?4.口语中表示愿意向某人主动提供或邀请某人做某事Willyouhavesomemoretea?Won'tyouhaveaseat?“一定”5.表示一种很有把握的可能性Thiscarwillholdfivepeoplecomfortably.6.表示说话人的主观看法—“必定”ThatwillbeTimcominghomenow.Asyouwillhavenoticed,therearesomegapsinthedata.7.口语中表示说话人的命令、吩咐或按规则提出要求Willyoubequiet!YouwilldoasIsay.Everyemployeewillcarryanidentitycardatalltimes.规律/习惯8.表示在一定条件/情景下通常会发生的情况：规律Oilwillfloatonwater.Accidentswillhappen.EverydayDanwillcomehomefromworkandturnontheTV.9.口语中描述某人的习惯，尤其是令人厌烦的习惯(说话人对该习惯持批评态度)Trishwillkeepaskingdamnsillyquestions.Shewillleaveallthelightsoninthehousewhenshegoesout.will\n类别用法举例“将会”1.表示过去的意图或期望将会发生某事—有可能Theysaidtheywouldmeetusat10.30atthestation.Shesaidshewouldn'tbecomingtothelibraryanymore.Arnoldknewhewouldbetiredthenextday.Itwouldsoonbedark.虚拟语气2.表示说话人设想的可能会发生的情况（实际上不可能发生）—“会”Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonamillionpounds?I'dbeamazedifIgotthejob.Iwishthey'dcomeandvisitus.Ifonlyhewouldlistentome.3.表示与事实相反的没有发生、根本不存在的情景—“一定(不)”Everythingwouldbeverydifferentifyourfatherwerestillalive.Iwouldhavephonedyou,buttherewasn'ttime.Alexwouldneverhavefoundoutifyouhadn'ttoldhim.WhatwouldhavehappenedifIhadn'tbeenhere?Iwouldhavebeenhappytoseehim,butIdidn'thavetime.Ifyourfatherhadstillbeenalive,hewouldhavefeltveryproudofyoutoday.“过去常常”4.表示过去有规律性地反复发生的事—过去的习惯Whenweworkedinthesameoffice,wewouldoftenhavecoffeetogether.Onsummereveningstheywouldsitoutinthegarden.IwashappywhenSamleft.Hewouldtalkaboutpeoplebehindtheirbacks.“过去意愿”5.肯定形式只能表示过去的规律性的意愿；否定可表示过去的总的或特定时候的意愿。WheneverIhadtogototown,Ronwouldgivemealift.(=repeated)Wethoughtthatpeoplewouldn't/wouldbuythebook.(=general)Shewouldn'tsaywhatwaswrongwhenIasked,(not...wouldsay...)(=particularoccasion)would(表一)Johnpromisedhisdoctorhewouldnotsmoke,andhehasneversmokedeversince.(2008北京卷)ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,IwouldnothavewonthefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.(09福建)would与usedto\n若表示过去的反复行为，可用would和usedto；但若表示现在不再存在的过去习惯则只能用usedto：Wewould/usedtolendhimmoneywhenhewasunemployed.Timwould/usedtovisithisparentseveryotherweekend.当该习惯为状态时只能用usedto：Thefactoryusedtobeinthecitycentre.IusedtosmokeheavilywhenIwasatuniversity.\n意愿5.口语中表示礼貌地请求(比will更礼貌)：“愿意”Wouldyoumindwaitingoutside?Wouldsomeonepleasetellmewhatisgoingon?6.口语中表示礼貌地主动提供或邀请—问是否愿意Wouldyoulikeacoffee?We'regoingtothetheatrethisevening.Wouldyoubeinterestedincoming?7.口语中在like/love/rather/sooner/hate/prefer等前表示说话人的愿望—“想”Myparentswouldliketomeetyou.Claudiawouldhavelikedtorefuse(=wantedtorefuse),butshedidn'tdare.I'dhate(=Idonotwant)todisappointyou.I'dratherstayinthisevening,ifthat'sallrightwithyou.目的8.在sothat后表示过去的目的是以便“(不)会”Wepackedallthebooksinwoodenboxessothattheywouldn'tgetdamaged.拒绝9.否定式表示某人拒绝做某事—“拒不”Hewouldn'tgiveusanymoney.10.否定式表示某物不听使唤的特点—就是不Thedoorwouldn'topen,nomatterhowhardshepushed.习惯11.口语中表示提出建议或征求意见—“会”I'dtrytogetthereearlyifyoucan.IwouldtalktothedoctorifIwereyou.Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereinmyposition?12.口语中表示预期中的典型的习惯做法Sheinsiststhatshedidnothingwrong,butthenshewouldsaythat,wouldn'tshe?没把握13．在think/imagine/say等前口语中表示说话人的没把握的意见Iwouldthinkyou'dbehappierinadifferentschool.'Willitcostalot?''Iwouldimagineso.'would(表二)\n\n类别用法举例请求对方决定1.口语中提出建议或请求对方决定—对第一、三人称的行为作出决定ShallIopenthewindow?Shallwesay6o'clock,then?WhatshallIgetfordinner?将来2.正式的英国英语中表示说话人客观上（第一人称）“将会”做某事Weshallbeawaynextweek.Ishallhavetobecareful.I'veneverlikedherandInevershall.WeshallhavefinishedbyFriday.强列意图3.表示说话人的决心/强烈意图/认为一定会发生某事Thetruthshallmakeyoufree.Isaidyoucouldgo,andsoyoushall.命令允诺4.(正式场合如官方文件中)表示命令、规定或允诺Allpaymentsshallbemadeincash.shall—Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?—“Nopersonshallsmokeorcarryalightedcigarette,cigarorpipeinthisarea.”(07四川24)\n\n用法举例1.表示对正确而明智的事情的建议；shouldhavedone表示事后的建议—应该Heshouldn'tbesoselfish.Childrenshouldn'tbeallowedtoplayinthestreet.Whyshouldn'tIsmokeifIwantto?2.表示正确而明智的做法本来应该是什么但事实上没有这样做—“本应该”Theyshouldhavecalledthepolice.3.用来提出建议或征求意见—“该”WhatshouldIdo?ShouldItrusthim?Youshouldreadhisnewbook.IshouldstayinbedifIwereyou.4.表示说话人的期望—“应该”或“本该”Itshouldbeanicedaytomorrow.TryphoningRobert-heshouldbehomebynow.Australiashouldwinthismatch.Itwasaneasytestandheshouldhavepassed,buthedidn't.5.表示正确的数量或正确的方法—“应该是”Everysentenceshouldstartwithacapitalletter.Whatdoyoumean,thereareonlytentickets?Thereshouldbetwelve.Whitewine,notred,shouldbeservedwithfish.6.（官方文件等正式场合中）表示命令或指示、要求PassengersforFlightBA213shouldproceedtoGate12.7.英国英语在某些动词/形容词后的that从句中表“竟然”It’sstrangethatyoushouldsaythat.Itisessentialthatheshouldhaveafairtrial.Theresidentsdemandedthatthereshouldbeanofficialinquiry.should(表一)Whatdoyoumean,thereareonlytentickets?Thereshouldbetwelve.(09海南)—How’syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?—Itshouldbe,butitisnowheavilypolluted.(07全国27)—Mycat’sreallyfat.(07浙江15)—Youshouldn’thavegivenhersomuchfood.Accordingtotheairtrafficrules,youshouldswitchoffyourmobilephonebeforeboarding.(08年上海卷)—TurnofftheTV,Jack.Shouldn'tyoubedoingyourhomeworknow?—Mum,justtenmoreminutes,please.(07辽宁30)—How’syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?(07海南、宁夏27)—Itshouldbe,butitisnowheavilypolluted.Itoldyourfriendhowtogettothehotel,butperhapsIshouldhavedrivenherthere.(07陕西14)—I’msorry.Ishouldn’thaveshoutedatyoutheotherday.(2008江苏)—Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.—Idon’tcarewhatpeoplethink.—Well,youshould.(09四川)\n8.表示某事发生或出现的可能性“应该”不大——“万一”WhatifIshouldfallsickandnotbeabletowork?Shouldyouneedanyhelp(=ifyouneedanyhelp),youcanalwaysphonemeattheoffice.9.(正式英国英语中)用于第一人称表示在某种设想的情景下“就会”做某事Ifanyonetreatedmelikethat,Ishouldcomplaintothemanager.Ishouldbesurprisedifmanypeoplevotedforhim.10.(正式的英国英语中)表示礼貌地请求或提供或愿望Ishouldbegratefulifyoucouldprovidemewithsomeinformation.Weshouldbedelightedtohelpinanywaywecan.Ishouldliketothankyouallforcomingheretonight.11.第一人称后表示过去的意图或期望Weknewthatweshouldbeleavingthenextday.12.表示发生某事后的惊讶Justatthatmoment,whoshouldwalkinbutoldJimhimself.WhyshouldanyonewanttomarryTony?Don'taskme.HowshouldIknow?13．表示说话人希望/认为是事实但没把握Ishouldn'tthinkthey'vegonefar.'Isupposethere'llbealotofcomplaints?''Ishouldimagineso.'14.表示说话人有理由期望因而不意外的情况'Shedoesn'tliketohearmeswearing.''Ishouldthinknot.''Hedidapologize.''Ishouldhopeso,afterthewayhebehaved.'should(表二)Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifitshouldbreakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.(09天津)\n\n表示推测的用法can,could,may,might,must都可表示推测,其用法如下：1)“情态动词+动词原形”表示对现在状态或将来情况的推测：Idon'tknowwheresheis,shemaybeinWuhan.2)“情态动词+不定式进行体”表示对现在(或将来)正进行的情况进行推测：Atthismoment,ourteachermustbecorrectingourexampapers.这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷。3)“情态动词+不定式完成体”表示对过去发生或现在已发生的情况的推测：Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。WemighthavefinishedthisworkbytheendofnextDecember.明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。4)“情态动词+不定式完成进行体”表示对过去正在进行的情况的推测：Yourmothermusthavebeenlookingforyou.你妈妈一定一直在找你。对可能性进行推测时,否定形式用can't,couldn't表示,疑问形式用Can/Could表示：Mikecan'thavefoundhiscar,forhecametoworkbybusthismorning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为今天早上他是坐公汽来上班的。注意：could,might用于推测时不一定指过去时间,只表明其表示的可能性比can,may小。\n情态动词+have+过去分词1)may(might)+havedonesth.和can(could)+havedonesth.用来对过去时间里可能发生的事情进行推测：Philipmay(might)havebeenhurtseriouslyinthecaraccident.2)must+havedonesth.用来对过去时间里可能发生的事情进行推测时语气肯定,"必定"：—Lindahasgonetowork,butherbicycleisstillhere.—Shemusthavegonebybus.3)oughttohavedonesth.和shouldhavedonesth.表示“本应该做某事而事实上并没有做”；其否定句则表示“过去本不该做某事而实际上却做了”：Yououghtto(should)havebeenmorecarefulinthisexperiment.(事实上却不细心)Heoughtnottohavethrowntheoldclothesaway.(事实上却已扔了)Heshould/oughttohaveaskedmebeforehetookmybike.(I'mannoyed)Weshould/oughttohavetakenataxiwhenitrained.(I'msorrywedidn't)表示对过去情况的期盼：Iftheflightwasontime,heshould/oughttohavearrivedinJakartaearlythismorning.Thebuildersshould/oughttohavefinishedbytheendoftheweek.Youshould/oughttohavecaughtalatertrain.4)needn'thavedonesth.表示“过去本没必要做某事而实际上却做了”：Idressedverywarmlyforthetrip,butIneedn'thavedoneso.Theweatherwashot.5)wouldliketohavedonesth.表示“过去本打算做某事而实际上却未做”：Iwouldliketohavereadthearticle,butIwasverybusythen.wouldratherhavedone表示对过去发生的事情的偏爱性选择\n动词用法例句can某人的能力/本领Youcanswim,can'tyou?/Evenasmallpersonalcomputercanstorevastamountsofinformation.请求某人允许做某事CanIhaveacigarette,please?/Canyouhelpmeliftthisbox?允许/许可某人可以做某事Youcan'tparkhere—it'sanoparkingzone./'Canwegohomenow,please?'理论上的可能性——可能会发生某事Iamconfidentthatasolutioncanbefound./Therecanbenodoubtthatheisguilty./Canhestillbealiveafterallthistime?与感官动词和心理活动动词连用表示结果“能”Heretheyare—Icanseetheircar./Canyousmellsomethingburning?否定句中表有把握的推断：某情况不可能是真的Itcan'tbeeasycaringforamanandachildwhoarenotyourown.非肯定句表示不许/不能等Youcan'texpecttheworldtochangeovernight./CanIhavealookatyournewpen?Wecan'tgoonlikethis.对可能性的怀疑、惊异、生气Theycan'thavearrivedalready,surely!/Howcanyoubesostupid!Wherecan(could)theyhavegoneto?有时可能Itcanbequitecoldhereatnight./Petercanbereallyannoying.口语中表示命令、要求：可以Youcanstopthatquarrelling,thepairofyou./Ifyouwon'tkeepquiet,youcangetout.Thebiggestproblemformostplants,whichcan’tjustgetupandrunawaywhenthreatened,isthatanimalsliketoeatthem.(07湖南24)\n动词用法例句could用于过去时表示能力Bythetimeshewaseight,shecouldreadGreekandLatin./Inthosedaysyoucouldbuyaboxofcigarsforadollar./IknewIcouldn'taffordtherent.具体情景中说话人不大有把握的可能(=may/might)Mostaccidentsinthehomecouldbeprevented./Itcouldbeweeksbeforewegetareply./Ifyou'renotcareful,youcouldgetintoevenworsetrouble.表示过去本来可能发生而实际未发生某事——“本可能”IcouldhavewarnedyouifIhadknownwhereyouwere./Hecouldhaveescaped,buthechosetostandandfight.(口语中)感情上(本)可能IwassoangryIcouldhavekilledher./IwassorelievedIcouldhavekissedthemall.(口语中)表示礼貌的请求(用于非肯定句)Couldyouhelpmewiththeseboxes?/CouldIhaveadrinkofwater,please?/HowaboutSam?Couldhecomealongtoo?表示建议Youcouldaskyourdoctorforacheck-up./Couldn'tyougetoneofyourfriendstohelpyou?(口语中)对可能而没有做的事或不该做而做了的事感到恼火Youcouldhavetoldmeyouweregoingtobelate!其“否定+比较级”表示对该情况的强调Theirlifestylescouldn'tbemoredifferent./Orderingonlinecouldn'tbesimpler.Hedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthathecoulditdifferently.(09江苏)\nmust表说话人主观上认为因为必要/重要或法律或命令而“必须”。Allpassengersmustwearseatbelts./It'sgettinglate.Ireallymustgo./Youmustworkhard./Wemustallbepatient./MustIpaynow?/Fortheenginetowork,thegreenlevermustbeinthe'up'position.否定形式mustn’t表示按规则/规章或因为形势而不应该发生某事：“禁止“Youmustn'ttalktoyourmotherlikethat./Thisbookmustnotberemovedfromthelibrary./Wemustneverforgethowmuchweowetothesebravemen./Noonemustdisturbhimwhilehe'ssleeping.表示说话人很有把握的主观推断——“想必/准是/一定”Sammustbenearly90yearsoldnow./Hisnewcarmusthavecostaround£20,000./Youmusthavebeenreallyupset.英国英语口语中表示说话人的建议Wemustdothisagain,'hesaid.‘I’veenjoyeditthoroughly.'英国口语表示说话人的意图：“想”干某事Imustcallhertonight.Imustadmit/say/confess口语中强调说话人所说的话Imustsay,itgavemequiteashock(Why)mustyou...?口语中提醒听话人,告知你对他的行为不满,译为“偏要/偏偏”Mustyouspoileverything?/Whymustyoualwaysbesosuspicious?ifyoumust(dosomething)口语中告诉对方你不赞成他进行的事但如对方坚持则允许Allright,comealong,ifyoumust./Ifyoumustsmoke,pleasegooutside.ifyoumustknow口语中表示说话人认为对方不应该问某事Well,ifyoumustknow,I'mthirty-six.Incrowdedplaceslikeairportsandrailwaystations,youmusttakecareofyourluggage.(07北京26)TheteachermusthavethoughtJohnsonwasworthitorshewouldn’thavewastedtimeonhim,Isuppose.(07安徽23)—Shelooksveryhappy.Shemusthavepassedtheexam.(07江苏22)—Iguessso.It’snotdifficultafterall.—Guesswhat!IhavegotAformytermpaper.—Great!Youmusthavereadwidelyandputalotofworkintoit.(07上海29)WhenIwasyoung,IwastoldthatImustn’tplaywithmatches.(2008上海春招)—It’stheoffice!Soyoumustknoweatingisnotallowedhere.—Oh,sorry.(09湖南)ItmusthavebeenTomthatparkedthecarhere,asheistheonlyonewithacar.(09上海)—Hi,Tom.AnyideawhereJaneis?—Shemustbeintheclassroom.Isawhertherejustnow.(09重庆)Ican’tleave.ShetoldmethatImuststayhereuntilshecomesback.(09全国2)OneofthefewthingsyoumustsayaboutEnglishpeoplewithcertaintyisthattheytalkalotabouttheweather.(09北京)—Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?—Well,ifyoumustknow,hernameisMabel.(04天津31)John,lookatthetime.Mustyouplaythepianoatsuchalatehour?(05年全国III19)—MayIsmokehere?(06山东30)—Ifyoumust,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.－CouldIhaveawordwithyou,mum?－Ohdear,ifyoumust.(06浙江19)若表示外在的客观因素使得必须做某事则用haveto。\n\nInmyopinion,lifeinthetwenty-firstcenturyismucheasierthanitusedtobe.(07安徽25)Hebelievesthatchildrenshould(oughtto/must)beallowedtolearn(study)attheirownpace.(07湖北35)ItispossiblethattheKingofStonehengewaslinkedtothestones:hemay(might/could)havehadahandinplanningthemonument,orinhelpingtransportandpullupthestones.(07湖北40)\n1.—Isn’tthatAnn’shusbandoverthere?—No,it________behim.I’msurehedoesn’twearglasses.(04全国I29)A.can’tB.mustnotC.won’tD.maynot2.—I’lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.—You________herlastweek.(04福建32)A.oughttotellB.wouldhavetoldC.musttellD.shouldhavetold3.Ioftenseelightsinthatemptyhouse.DoyouthinkI________reportittothepolice?(04广西21)A.shouldB.mayC.willD.can4.Mr.White________at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn’t’showup.(04广西27)A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarriveC.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving5.—Excuseme.IsthistherightwaytotheSummerPalace?—Sorry,Iamnotsure.Butit________be.(04湖北26)A.mightB.willC.mustD.can√√√√√\n6.—Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.—You________havemycomputerifyoudon'ttakecareofit.(04湖南28)A.shan'tB.mightnotC.needn'tD.shouldn't7.—Idon'tmindtellingyouwhatIknow.—You________.I'mnotaskingyouforit.(04江苏22)A.mustn'tB.maynotC.can'tD.needn’t8.—Mum,I’vebeenstudyingEnglishsince8o’clock.________IgooutandplaywithTomforawhile?—No,I’mafraidnot.Besides,it’srainingoutsidenow.(04辽宁29)A.Can’tB.Wouldn’tC.MaynotD.Won’t9.You________betired—you'veonlybeenworkingforanhour.(04全国II29)A.mustnotB.won'tC.can'tD.maynot10.Childrenunder12yearsofageinthatcountry________beunderadultsupervisionwheninapubliclibrary.(04上海28)A.mustB.mayC.canD.need√√√√√\n11.—Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?—Well,ifyou________know,hernameisMabel.(04天津31)A.mayB.canC.mustD.shall12.I________payTracyavisit,butIamnotsurewhetherIwillhavetimethisSunday.(04浙江26)A.shouldB.mightC.wouldD.could13.“Theinterest________bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides,”declaredthejudge.(04重庆24)A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall14.Hepaidforaseat,whenhe________haveenteredfree.(05年山东34)A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.need15.He________havecompletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldn’tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.(05年北京26)A.shouldB.mustC.wouldn’tD.can’t√√√√√\n16.I________havebeenmorethansixyearsoldwhentheaccidenthappened.(05年天津14)A.shouldn’tB.couldn’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t17.—I’vetakensomeoneelse’sgreensweaterbymistake.—It________Harry’s.Healwayswearsgreen.(05年广东33)A.hastobeB.willbeC.mustn’tbeD.couldbe18.—Tomisneverlateforwork.Whyisheabsenttoday?—Something________tohim.(05年江西22)A.musthappenB.shouldhavehappenedC.couldhavehappenedD.musthavehappened19.TheWorldWideWebissometimesjokinglycalledtheWorldWideWaitbecauseit________beveryslow.(05年浙江9)A.shouldB.mustC.willD.can20.—Lucydoesn’tmindlendingyouherdictionary.—She________.I’vealreadyborrowedone.(05年湖南24)A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t√√√√√\n21.Thiscakeisverysweet.You________alotofsugarinit.(05年辽宁26)A.shouldputB.couldhaveputC.mightputD.musthaveput22.Iwasonthehighwaywhenthiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.They________atleast150kilometersanhour.(05年重庆33)A.shouldhavebeendoingB.musthavebeendoingC.couldhavedoneD.wouldhavedone23.Tom,you________leaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis!(05年全国I26)A.wouldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot24.—DidyoutellJuliaabouttheresult?—Oh,no,Iforgot.I________hernow.(05年全国III8)A.willbecallingB.willcallC.callD.amtocall25.John,lookatthetime.________youplaythepianoatsuchalatehour?(05年全国III19)A.MustB.CanC.MayD.Need√√√√√\n26.Helen________goonthetripwithus,butsheisn’tquitesureyet.(05年安徽26)A.shallB.mustC.mayD.can27.—Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.—Thanks.You________it.Icouldmanageitmyself.(05年福建31)A.needn’tdB.needn’thavedoneC.mustn’tdoD.shouldn’thavedone28.There________beanydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepracticedalotinthedrivingschool.(05年上海27)A.mustn’tB.shan’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t29.Someaspectsofapilot’sjob________beboring,andpilotsoften________workatinconvenienthours.(06湖南32)A.can;havetoB.may;canC.haveto;mayD.oughtto;must30.Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.I________thetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.(06江西24)A.shouldhavetakenB.couldhavetakenC.needn’thavetakenD.mustn’thavetaken√√√√√\n31.There’snolighton—they________beathome.(06全国I、II卷24)A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t32.—MayIsmokehere?—Ifyou________,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.(06山东30)A.shouldB.couldC.mayD.must33.We________haveprovedgreatadventurers,butwehavedonethegreatestmarchevermadeinthepasttenyears.(06天津11)A.needn’tB.maynotC.shouldn’tD.mustn’t34.－What’sthename?－Khulaifi.________Ispellthatforyou?(06北京25)A.ShallB.WouldC.CanD.Might35.－IsJackondutytoday?－It________behim.It’shisturntomorrow.(06四川32)A.mustn’tB.won’tC.can’tD.needn’t√√√√√\n36.－CouldIhaveawordwithyou,mum?－Ohdear,ifyou________.(06浙江19)A.canB.mustC.mayD.should37.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshe________sing,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.(06福建27)A.couldn’tB.shouldn’tC.can’tD.mightnot38.Theworkerswillgoonstrikeifthedemandsthey______putforwardareturneddown.(06福建32)A.couldB.wouldC.不填D.had39.Asyouworkedlateyesterday,you________havecomethismorning.(06陕西19)A.needn’tB.mayn’tC.can’tD.mustn’t40.－IthinkI’llgiveBobaring.－You________.Youhaven’tbeenintouchwithhimforages.(06江苏21)A.willB.mayC.havetoD.should41.Wehopethatasmanypeopleaspossible________joinusforthepicnictomorrow.(06广东A卷10)A.needB.mustC.shouldD.can√√√√√√\n\n