高考英语定语从句及高考考点分析 65页

高考第一轮复习专题——定语从句(Attributiveclause)\n定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，(一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。)2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有where,when,why等。\n定语从句分类定语从句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句\n一.限制性定语从句的构成Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables..IvisitedtheschoolwhereIstudied.ThedaycameatlastwhenIwenttocollege.关系代词关系副词1.从句的位置:2.从句的翻译:3.从句的构成：先行词之后“…….的”关系词注意事项\n一）.关系代词和先行词的关系Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.themachine=thattheboy=whotheboy’s=whose关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格\n指人指物主语宾语thatwhichwhowhomwhose关系代词的用法√√√√√√√√√√√√××××做宾语时可以省略√√定语何时可以省略？\n关系代词的用法练习1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.3.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.Theeggs(that/which)Iboughtthemwerenotfresh.Thefriendwho/thathecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry..Heprefersthecheesethat/whichitcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.\n难用的whoseThehouseismine.Thewindowofthehouseisbroken.Jointhefollowingpairofsentences.Thehousewhosewindowisbrokenismine.whose=thehouse’swindowThehouseismine.thewindowofwhichisbrokenofwhichthewindowisbroken\n二）、关系副词和先行词的关系IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.ontheday=wheninthehouse=whereforthereasons=why小注：关系副词=介词＋先行词?\n关系副词引导的定语从句1.when指时间，在从句中做时间状语Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstcametotheschool.2.where指地点，在从句中做地点状语Shanghaiisthecitywhere/inwhichIwasborn.3.why指原因，在从句中做原因状语Pleasetellmethereasonwhy/forwhichyoumissedtheplane.关系副词=“介词+关系代词”\n介词+关系代词的情况Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?注意介词的位置变化！\n介词+关系代词的情况Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?注意介词的位置变化！\n介词+关系代词的情况Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?注意介词的位置变化！\n介词+关系代词的情况Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin××Arethesetwosentencesright?可见：who、that不能用于介词之后！\n介词+关系代词的情况4Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.下面两句中的介词能提前吗?在固定短语中介词不能提前！\n1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2. Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3. Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4. Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5. Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.7. Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_______istheYellowRiver.onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhichthroughwhichunderwhichofwhich介词+关系代词的情况练习\n注意：如何判断介词1、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配2、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配3、根据介词与先行词搭配eg.Hegavemesomereferencebooks______whichIamnotveryfamiliar.with\n二.非限制性定语从句3、ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.4、Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.1、Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.2、MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.形式作用能否省略关系词限制性定语从句修饰限定不能可用THAT非限制性定语从句插入成分补充解释能不可用THATPleasecompare:\nThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略\n非限制性定语从句和单句的比较1.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.2.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.3.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.4.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.Thiswhichwhomthem×that×Who/that?\nas引导的非限制性定语从句Theearthisround,_____isknowntoall._____isknowntoall,theearthisroundwhich/asAsas具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：asyouknow/asyousee/asweplanned/asweexpected定语从句在句首时只能用as,as和which一样可以代表前面的整个句子\nas引导的限制性定语从句(1)ThisisthesamepenasIlost.ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.Pleasecompare:这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。\nas引导的限制性定语从句(2)Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllike.Thisissointerestingabook_____wealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook____wealllikeit.asthatPleasecompletethefollowingsentencesandcompare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句)\n一、看先行词二、看先行词在从句中所充当的成分三.关系词的选择（重点）1.Theman_______cametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl__________________ImetisLucy.()3.Achild__________parentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook____________youboughtyesterday.()主语who宾语(that/who/whom)定语whose宾语(that/which)\n5.Iliketheperson___________youjusttalked.()6.Weshallneverforgetthedays______wespenttogether.()7.Weshallneverthedays_____welivedtogether.()介宾towhom宾语(that)状语when三.关系词的选择（练习）\ne.g.8.AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown______hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when9.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesepeoplethisyear,______forthefirsttimetheirteamwontheWorldCup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when三.关系词的选择（练习）\n四.难点分析一）区分定语从句和同位语从句1定语从句和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句补充说明先行词的具体内容.2．定语从句的关系词在句中充当成分，有时可省；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中不做成分；也可由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导，充当成分3.同位语从句和先行词一般可用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可\n区分定语从句和同位语从句(1)Thenews(that)hetoldmeistrue.(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.定语同位语定语同位语\n二）区分where引导的定语从句和状语从句Where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。1.Whenyoureadbooks,youhadbettermakeamarkatthespotwhereyouhaveanyquestions.2.Whenyoureadbooks,youhadbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.\n五.定语从句高考考点分析（一）关系代词在从句中做主语时，谓语的单复数由先行词决定eg.1.Themanwho_____(live)downstairsspeaksEnglishfluently.2.Thestudentswho_____(be)inGrade3aregoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.3.Heisoneofthestudentswho_______(have)finishedthehomework.4.HeistheonlyoneofthestudentsWho______(have)finishedthehomework.livesarehavehas\n1.当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时,如:all,few,little,much,every,something,anything,everything,等（二）只能用that做关系代词的情况2.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,little,few,no,any等修饰时3.当人和物合做先行词时4.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时5.在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中\n1.Hedidall/everything_______hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisistheverything_______Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_______werememberedatschool.4.Heistheonlyman_______candothework.5.Thisisthefirstthing_______Iwanttosay.6.Heisthefinestman_______Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_______spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_______isnearesttotheearth.that,whichorwho?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat\n在非限制性定语从句中（三）只用which不用that的情况在介词后面先行词是整个分句e.g.1.Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Azooisaparkin_____manykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it\nthat,which,whose,whomorwho?1.Heoftenspeakstheroleheplayedintheplay,_______madeothersupset.2.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof_______sataboy.3.Themanto_______Ispokeisafamousscientist.4.Theboy_______motherisdeadwasbroughtupbyhisfather.whichwhichwhomwhose\n（四）先行词是theway时(1)Theway(inwhich/that)heansweredthequestionwassurprising.注意下面俩个句子的不同，(1)Theway(that/which)heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.(2)Theway(that/inwhich)heexplainedittouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.\n历届高考英语定语从句试题精选(1)`1．Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,________,ofcourse,madetheotherunhappy.(2000)A．whoB．whichC．thisD．what2.---Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?---Right,justtheone___youknowIusedtoworkforyears.(FUJIAN05)A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what3.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,____thesailingtimewas226days.(GX04)A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich\n历届高考英语定语从句试题精选(2)4.____isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.(JS04)A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As5.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho____awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen6.York,____lastyear,isaniceoldcity.A.thatIvisitedB.whichIvisitedC.whereIvisitedD.inwhichIvisitedDDB\nCorrectthesentences:1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.^^__(去掉)which____totheone\nCorrectthesentences:5.IstillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem.6.I’mgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.7.Idon’tlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend.inwhen____that/which^^\nCorrectthesentences:8.ThisisthelasttimewhenI’vegivenyoulessons.9.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.10.Weheardthenewswhichourteamwonthegame.11.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.____that____that____whyit____\nCorrectthesentences:12.Thatwasthereasonbecauseshelookedold.13.MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool.14.Taiwan,thatweknow,belongstoChina.as______________giveswhy\nCorrectthesentences:15.Itistheonlyoneofthebestfilmsthathavebeenshownrecently.16.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou.17.Whichisknowntoall,manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky.18.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.that_________hasAsthat________\nCorrectthesentences:19.Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom.20.Thestudentwho’sbookIhadborroweddidn’tcometoschooltoday.21.Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory.22.ThebikebywhichItravelledwashis.as_____whose____that___on____\n定语从句高考点例析\nHaveatry指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.()主语宾语定语宾语\nHaveatry5.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.()6.Ilikethepersontowhomyoujusttalked.()7.Weshallneverforgetthedays(that)wespenttogether.()8.Weshallneverthedayswhenwelivedtogether.()定语介宾宾语状语\n考点一：that和which以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。1.先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。e.g.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen.2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。e.g.Thisisthebestbook(that)I’veeverread.\n考点一：that和which3.先行词被theonly，thevery，thelast修饰时，用that。e.g.HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttoseenow.4.先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。e.g.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.5.定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用that。e.g.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.\n考点二：连接词which的用法Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。e.g.1.Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Theweatherturnedouttobegood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.itBB\n考点三：介词+关系代词****“of+which/whom”可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。e.g.1.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson____________shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom2.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows,mostof________hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.whichDD\n关系代词前介词的确定1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’msure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.\n关系代词前介词的确定4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.\n关系代词前的介词的确定5.Whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.\nCanyouworkthemout????????Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions:1.Thesungivesusheatandlight,________whichwecan’tlive.2.Thestudent________whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.3.I’llneverforgettheday_____whichshesaidgood-byetome.4.Whocangivemethereason______whichhehasn’tturnedupyet?foraboutonwithout\n考点四:关系副词的运用在限定性和非限定性从句中，when的先行词是时间名词，where的先行词是地点名词，分别在定语从句中做状语。e.g.1.AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown______hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when2.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesepeoplethisyear,______forthefirsttimetheirteamwontheWorldCup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.whenBD\n考点五：as与which引导的定语从句两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1.关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g.Asweallknow,theearthisround.2.当与such或thesame连用时，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.Ihavethesameplanasyou.\nGoonPlease!3.当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。e.g.Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.\nGoonplease!4.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如beknown，besaid，bereported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.\nCorrectthesentences:1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.^^__which____totheone\nCorrectthesentences:5.IstillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem.6.I’mgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.7.Thosethathaven’tbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.8.Idon’tlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend.inwhen____who___(that/which)^^\nCorrectthesentences:9.ThisisthelasttimewhenI’vegivenyoulessons.10.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.11.Weheardthenewswhichourteamwonthegame.12.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.___that____that____whyit____\nCorrectthesentences:13.Thoseatthedeskwanttobuyticketswritedownyournames.14.Thatwasthereasonbecauseshelookedold.15.MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool.16.Taiwan,thatweknow,belongstoChina.aswho______________giveswhy^\nCorrectthesentences:17.Itistheoneofthebestfilmsthathavebeenshownrecently.18.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou.19.Whichisknowntoall,manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky.20.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.that_________hasAsthat________\nCorrectthesentences:21.Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom.22.Thestudentwho’sbookIhadborroweddidn’tcometoschooltoday.23.Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory.24.ThebikebywhichItravelledwashis.as_____Whose____that___on____\ngoodbyegoodbyegoodbyegoodbye