初中中考专项之代词与易错题 11页

辅导教案教学课题初中英语代词知识点讲解；教学目标掌握各类代词知识点；中考单选训练过程初中英语语法专项习题-代词代词（pron.）代替名词,兼有名词和形容词的作用（一）代词的类别相互代词eachother,oneanother指示代词this,that,these,those不定代词（不指明特定的人或事物的代词）each,every,both,all,either,neither,none,no,one,(a)few,(a)little,some,any,many,much,other,another复合不定代词everybody,somebody,anybody,nobody,everyone,someone,anyone,noone,every-thing,something,anything,nothing疑问代词what,who,whom,which,whose直接代词疑问代词都可作连接代词，引导宾语从句，表语从句等。关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which用引导定语从句。（二）代词的用法1.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词和指示代词的用法（1）人称代词有主格和宾格之分，主格用来作主语，宾格用来作动词或介词的宾语等。eg.Shegavemearedapple.她给了我一个红苹果：（She作主语,me作动词宾语）Kath　isnearhim.凯西靠近他。（介词near的宾语）2.物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。①形容词性物主代词位于名词前：theirschool,hisbackpack②名词性物主代词相当干一个名词,在句中可作主语、宾语等，后面不能再接名词。EgItisn’t　my　pen.→Mine（=my　pen）　is　missing.（作主语）I　left　my　pen　at　home.You　can　use　hers（=her　pen）,（作宾语）③“of+名词性物主代词”属双重所有格的一种形式。eg.acatofhers她的一条狗,afriendofyours你的一个朋友11\n（3）反身代词①反身代词在句中可作同位语，起强调作用，也可作动词或介词的宾语。eg.Afewdayslater,ImyselfhadtogotoParis.（作同位语）Sheboughtherselfanewbag.（作动词宾语）He’snotworriedabouthimself.（作介词宾语）②带有反身代词的常用短语。teachoneself自学helponeselfto随便吃些…吧saytooneself自言自语。learn……byoneself自学…enjoyoneself过得愉快leaveonebyoneself把某人单独留下hurtoneself伤了自己dressoneself自己穿衣服cometooneself苏醒过来（4）相互代词①表示相互关系，可用作动词或介词的宾语，用法区别不大。eg.Foryears,thetwosisterslookedafteroneanother（eachother）。多年来姐妹俩互相照顾。Weshouldlearnfromeachother.我们应当互相学习。②可以用格表示所有关系：eachother’s,oneanother’s互相的，彼此的eg.Theyarelookingateachother’spictures.他们相互看对方的照片。（5）指示代词①指示代词有单复数之分，既可指物，也可用于介绍人。eg.Thisisanappletree,andthatisanorangetree.这是一棵苹果树，那是一棵桔子树。Thesearemyfriends,andthatismysister.这些是我朋友，那个是我姐姐。②指示代词可用来指上文中提到的事情：eg.Stevehadabadcold.This／Thatwaswhyhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.2.不定代词的用法（1）each,every,both,all,either,neither,no,none的用法11\n①each“每个／各个”（强调个体），用于两者或两者以上。eg.Twogirlscameandlgaveanappletoeach.来了俩姑娘，我给她们每人一个苹果。Eachofthemhasanicering.她们每人有一枚漂亮的戒指。②every“每个／各个”（强调全体），用于两者以上。every常作形容词用。eg.Everydayisimportanttous.每天对我们都很重要。Hehasreadeverybook（allthebooks）Onthesubject.他阅读了所有有关这个主题的书。③both表示两者“都”（强调全体）。eg.Herparentsarebothdoctors.她父母都是医生。Bothofthemaredoctors.他俩都是医生。Theybothlikepotatoes.他俩喜欢吃土豆。④all“全体／大家／一切”用于三者以上，也可接不可数名词。eg.That’sallfortoday.今天到此为止。AllofusarefromChina.我们都来自中国。Allthefoodisdelicious.所有的食物都很好吃。⑤either“两者之一”，用于两者（强调个体）。eg.Thetwocoatsarecheap,soyoucanchooseeitherofthem.那两件外套不贵，你可以随便挑一件。⑥neither“两个都不”，用于否定两者。eg.NeitherOfthebooksis／aresointeresting.那两本书没一本好看的。⑦no（=notany／nota）“没有”可接可数名词单复数，也可接不可数名词。eg.IhavenobrothersOrsisters.我没有兄弟姐妹。Aclockhasnomouth,butitcantalk.钟表没有嘴，但能说话。Thereisnofirewithoutsomesmoke.有火就有烟。⑧none“没有一个人／物”用于否定三者或三者以上的可数名词eg.NoneOfthemhas／havebeentoJapan.他们都没去过日本。Ilikenoneofthebooks.这些书我全都不喜欢。⑨neither和none表示完全否定；all,both,each和every（含every的复合词）等与not连用时表示部分否定。eg.Idon’tknowallofyou.我不完全认识你们。NoteveryoneOfusknowhowtogothere.不是我们每个人都知道怎样去那儿。11\n（2）one,ones和noone的用法one用来代替前面刚提到的一个东西或一个人,以免重复；复数ones用来代替前面提到的一些物或一些人；noone表示否定。eg.——Wouldyoupleasepassmethesciencebook？给我递过那本科学方面的书好吗？一Whichone？哪一本？一Theoneonmyshelf.我书架上的那本。Noonehastraveledfartherthantothemoon.没有人旅行远过月球。（3）（a）few,（a）little；many,much；some,any的用法①many（+复数名词）,much（+不可数名词）表示“许多/很多”。eg.ManyOfthestudentscomefromEngland.那些学生许多是从英国来的。Thanks,it’stoomuchforme.谢谢,我承受不起。②few（+复数名词）,little（+不可数名词）表示“没多／很少”（表否定）。eg,Therewerefewpeopleinthestreetlastnight.昨晚街上没什么人。Iamveryworriedthatlhavelittletimetofinishthejob.我担心，我几乎没有时间完成这份工作了。③afew（+复数名词）,alittle（+不可数名词）表示“有一些／有几个”（表肯定）。eg.Icallseeafewcakesandalittlebreadinthefridge.我看到冰箱里有几块蛋糕和一些面包。注意：quiteafew表示“相当多”eg.Therearequiteafewstudentsoverthere.那儿有相当多的学生。④some（+复数名词／不可数名词）,any（+复数名词／不可数名词）表示“有一些／有几个”（表肯定）。eg.Therearesomebirdsinthetree.树上有些鸟。Thereissomewaterinthebottle.瓶里有些水。Idon’thaveanybrothersOfsisters.我没有Isthereanyteainthecup？杯子里有茶吗？⑤some一般用于肯定句，但在表示请求、建议。反问等的疑问句中，多用some.eg：Wouldyoulikesomebeer？你要不要来点啤酒吗？Whydidn’tyoubuysomesweets？（Youshouldhavebought……）你怎么没买点糖果？⑥any一般用于疑问句和否定句及条件从句11\neg.Thereisn’tanywaterleft.没有剩下一点水。Ifyouhaveanyquestions,putupyourhands.please.如果有问题，请举手。⑦some+单数名词表示“某一个”,any+单数名词表示“随便哪一个”或“任何一个”。eg.I’llcatchupwithyousomeday有一天我会赶上你的。Come　anydayyoulike.你哪天来都行。Tomistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.汤姆比他班上其他任何一个学生都高。④one,other,others,theothers,another等的用法1.○●one……theother表示两个人或两件东西中的“一个…另一个”eg.MrSmithhastwodaughters.0neisateacher,theotherisanurse.2....one……another表示不定数目中的“一个”与“另—个”。eg.Idon’twantthisOne,pleasegivemeanother.3..one……theothers强调在一定范围中的“一个”与“其余的”。eg.InOurschoolOneOftheteachersisAmerican,theOthersareChinese.4.○○○　●●●●some……theothers表示许多人或物,不在一定范围中的“一部分”与“其余的全部”。eg.Somestudentsarereading,theothersaredrawingpictures.⑤others=other+名词；the　others＝the　Other+名词。eg.Somestudentsliketraveling,others（otherstudents）likewatchingTVathome.⑥another表示“再／又”时既可接单数名词，也可接数词+复数名词。eg.Hewillbeabletofinishhisworkinanothertwohours.再过两个小时他就能完成他的工作。（4）复合不定代词的用法①复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。eg.Someoneisknockingatthedoor.有人在敲门②修饰复合不定代词的形容词或其它词要放在其后，即定语后置。eg.ThereissomethingimportantOntoday’s　newspaper.今天的报纸有些重要新闻。11\n③复合不定代词变否定句时，要否定主语：eg.Something　is　wrong.（变为否定句）Somethingisn’twrong.（错误）Nothingiswrong.（正确）④Somebody,someone,something一般用于肯定句；anybody,anyone,anything一般用于否定句、疑问句及条件句。eg.Thereissomethingnewinthepark.公园里有些新的景点。Doyouhaveanythinginterestingtotellus？你有什么有趣的事要告诉我们吗？⑤当somebody,someone等用于疑问句时，表示肯定、请求、建议或反问；anybody,anyone等用在肯定句中表示“任何人”。eg.Issomeonecomingthisafternoon？今天下午有客人来吗？Anyonecanmakemistakes.任何人都可能犯错误。3.疑问代词的用法。（1）who／whom谁（指人）。①作主语eg.Whowantstogowithhim？②作宾语eg.Who／Whomareyouwaitingfor？（作介词for的宾语）eg.Who／Whomdoyouwanttomeet？（作动词meet的宾语）③作表语eg.Who／Whomarethey？（2）whose谁的①作定语eg.Whosepenisthis？②作表语eg.Whoseisthispen？（3）which哪一个,哪一些①作定语eg.WhichgirlisKathy？②作表语eg.Whichistheboy’sball？（4）what什么①作主主语eg.What’sonthetable？②作宾语eg.Whatareyoudoing？③作表语eg.Whatishe？④作定语eg.Whatclassareyouin？4.关系代词的用法关系代词用来引起定语从句，它一方面代表定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词，11\n另——方面又在从句中充当一个成分。eg·Thisisthemanwhogavemethebook.这就是给我书的那个人。Themoneythat／whichisonthetableismine.桌上的钱是我的。Themoneythat／whichmymothergavemeisonthetable.我妈妈给我的钱在桌上。代词--练习题1.Bobisgoingtogive___atalkonWorldCarDesignandDevelopment.A,weB,usC,ourD,ours2.Bepatient,John.Don’tgiveup.Have___up.A,otherB,anotherC,theotherD,one3.Ifyousave___coinsaday,you’llbeabletobuyamobilephoneinayear.A,alittleB,littleC,afewD,few4.___oftheteachersisgoingtothepartynextweek.A,AllB,BothC,NeitherD,Some5.Thereare___mistakesinMary’sproject,soherteacherispleasedwithherwork.A,alittleB,littleC,afewD,few6.Wouldyoulike___applejuice?A,anB,anyC,aD,some7.___computerisnewand___isnew,too.A,Our,heB,Ours,hisC,My,hisD,My,her8.Noonenoticedthemobilephoneinhis___hand.A,otherB,theotherC,anotherD,else9.Amongthreehundredgraduates,70%prefertogetajob,and___choosetomakeafurtherstudy.A,theotherB,theothersC,othersD,other10.Everydaypeopleget___informationfromTV,newspapersandtheInternet.A,manyB,anumberofC,alotofD,afew11.A:DoesMrs.LIlivedbyherself?B:Yes.Shehasnodaughters,but___ofthemarestudyingintheUS.A,neitherB,allC,noneD,both11\n12.Therearealotoftallbuildingson___sideofHuangpuRiver.A,eitherB,bothC,neitherD,every13.MrBakerisill,so___John___Jackisgoingtoattendthemeetinginstead.A,both,andB,neither,norC,either,orD,notonly,butalso14.After___ofunsuccessfulattempts,hehasatlastpassedhisdrivingtest.A,aseriesB,seriesC,afewD,some15.MayIuseyourdictionary?I’velost___.A,mineB,itC,yoursD,one16.___maylaughather,butIlikeher.A,TheothersB,TheotherC,OthersD,Another17.MrWhitewishedthetwinstobedoctors,but___ofthemlikedtostudymedicine.A,bothB,neitherC,eitherD,none18.Healthofficialstried___besttofightglobalbirdflu.A,themB,theyC,theirsD,their19.Youcanfindmanytreesandplantson___sideoftheroadthisyear.A,bothB,allC,everyD,each20.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolislargerthan___inyourschool.A,thoseB,thatC,thestudentsD,this21.ThecalculatorisBen’s.Pleasegiveitto___.A,heB,himC,hisD,himself22.Ididn’tgetanye-mailsyesterday,buttherewere___thismorning.A,fewB,littleC,afewD,alittle23.ThisismyCDplayer,and___isonthetableoverthere.A,youB,yourC,yoursD,yourself24.A:Whois___?B:ThisisJoannafromAustralia.A,thisB,thatC,itD,one25.SomepeopleenjoyKFC,but___preferMcDanald’shamburger.A,anotherB,theotherC,othersD,theothers词性变换：11\n1.Nobodywillhelphimwithhiswork,sohe’llhavetocontinueitby______________.(he)2.Don’tworry.Jimmycanworkoutthemathsproblem______________.(he)3.Manypeoplelost______________livesduringthewarinIraq.(they)4.AskMarytositbetweenyouand_______________.(I)中考题：36.AnneusuallyhelpsPatsywithherhouseworkSundaymornings.A.onB.inC./D.at37.TheChengshereforyears.A.islivingB.havelivedC.haslivedD.lives38.Enjoy,MaryandKate.A.yourselfB.myselfC.yourselvesD.themselves39.－I'mverybusy.Wouldyoumindmyfiendsoffattheairport?－Notatall.A.seeB.toseeC.sawD.seeing40.－Tom,whereisyourfather?－I'mnotsure.Heinhisoffice.A.isB.maybeC.maybeD.may41.ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.A.muchB.tooC.veryD.enough42.Theirhair,eyesandnosesweredifferent.A.fromoursB.asoursC.tooursD.fromthatofours43.Whatshallwedoifittomorrow?A.rainsB.rainC.israiningD.willrain44.－What'syour?－I'm50kilogrammes.A.ageB.oldC.weighD.weight45.－HereisthebookIlastweek.Thankyou.－Ialmostforgotyouthebook.A.borrowed,tolendB.lent,tolendCborrowed,lendingD.lent,lending46.mothersmadethemhavepianolessons.A.PeterandAnneB.Peter'sandAnne'sC.Peter'sandAnneD.PeterandAnne's47.－Howistheoldman?－.A.HeisseventyB.HeisverywellCHeadoctorD.Heismygrandpa48.Idon'tknow.A.whereMr.LilivesB.wheredoesMr.LiliveC.whereMr.LilivesinD.Mr.Liliveswhere49.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisRIGHT?A.Doyouknowhowtodo?B.Iwanttoknowwhentodo.C.Couldyoutellmewhytodo?D.Willyoupleasetellmewhattodo?50.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisWRONG?A.ThefootballmatchhadalreadybegunwhenIgottotheCityStadium.11\nB.Thefootballmatchhasbegunforhalfanhour.C.Thefootballmatchbeganhalfanhourago.D.Thefootballmatchwillbegininhalfanhour.中考易错题：1.Henever_________ofvisitingtheGreatWall.A.tiringB.tireC.tiresD.tired2.MostSunday_________wegotohelpUncleWang.A.morningB.morningsC.themorningD.ofmornings3.Helookedhalfdead,hiseyes_________.A.closedtightB.closingtightC.closedtightlyD.shuttightly4.Thefood__________goodand_________well.A.tastes,sellsB.istasted,issoldC.taste,sellD.smell,sold5.Therewillbevisionphones_______theendofthiscentury.A.byB.atC.forD.on6.Ihavesome_________inworkingouttheproblem.A.difficultyB.difficultiesC.troublesD.difficult7.Thereisawirepolealongtheroad_________meter.A.aboutfiftyB.everyfiftiethC.eachfiftyD.every508.Southerners_________rice.A.livesonB.feedsonC.livesonD.feedon9.Thereisnotenoughlightand_________inthispicture.A.darkB.darknessC.blacknessD.shade10.Theypickedleavesfromthetreesand_________.A.fedthemtosomelittlewhitewormB.fedsomelittlewhitewormonthemC.fedsomelittlewhitewormwiththemD.AandCc11.Shedoesn'tlike__________aredflowerinherhair.A.toputonB.towearC.todressD.bedressedin12.—Haveyoufinishedyourrepotyet?—No,I'llfinishitin________tenminutes.A.anotherB.otherC.moreD.less13.Shesaidthatshewoulddo_______shecould__________herdaughterlaugh.A.what,makeB.that,makeC.what,tomakeD.that,tomake14.Tom'smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but_________didn'thelp.A.heB.whichC.thatD.it15.Mywatchdoesn'tworkwell.I_________it_________nextday.A.willhave,repairB.have,repairedC.willget,repairedD.shallhave,toberepaired16.Hehasdecidedtoliveabroad,sohewill________stayhere.11\nA.notmoreB.motlongerC.nolongerD.nomore17.Wehavenosecrets_________eachother.A.inB.betweenC.toD.from18.Peteris________withallhisclassmates.A.afriendB.friendC.thefriendD.friends19.Thishandbookis_________forustolearnourlessons.A.greatvalueB.greatvaluableC.ofveryvalueD.ofgreatvalue20.Theladyboughtanewdress_________$500.A.forB.byC.withD.about21.TheGreatWallisoneoftheplacesofinterest_________oftenvisitedinChina.A.whereweB.thatisC.whichareD.wherehave22.Whenthepassengerscamebackfromtheirholidaytheirsuitcaseswere_________bythecustomsofficers.A.guardedB.testedC.correctedD.examined23.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasingleperson__________shecouldturnforhelp.A.towhomB.whoC.fromwhomD.that24.Itwasinthehall__________,weusedtohavemeetings_________themeetingwasheld.A.that,whereB.where,thatC.that,thatD.where,where25.—You'reboughtacar.—___________.A.SohaveIB.SoIhaveC.SodidID.SoIdid26.Youdon'tbelievethatIcanworkouttheproblem,_________?A.doyouB.don'tyouC.CanID.can'tI27.Theboycried___________theglassbroken.A.becauseB.asC.forD.with11