初中英语中考阅读理解ppt 59页

初中英语中考阅读理解\n客观阅读和主观阅读阅读理解的考察方式：\n一、中考的阅读会选什么样的文章？体裁----多样（多为记叙文、说明文、应用文，有时也有议论文）题材----丰富（小故事、日常生活/学习小窍门、文化习俗、名人轶事等）\n二、客观阅读题的题目设置：细节理解题整体概括题理解推测题\n1、什么是细节理解题？考察该文章中有关事件发生的具体细节的题目，如：时间、地点、人物、事件、方式等；WhatWhenWhoWhereWhyHowWhichstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?\nWilliamShakespearewasawriterofplaysandpoems.SomeofhismostfamousplaysareHamlet,RomeoandJuliet,Macbeth.Hewrotethirty-sevenplaysinall.Theyarestillpopulartoday.Shakespearewrotemanyfamousplaysexcept_____.A.HamletB.MacbethC.RomeoandJulietD.ManandSuperman.(What)让我们看几个例子：\nHewasbornin1564inEngland.Atschoolhelikedwatchingplays.Hedecidedtobeanactorwhenhefinishedschoolattheageoffourteen.In1582,hemarriedafarmer’sdaughter.Shewaseightyearsolderthanhewas.Shakespearedecidedtobeanactorin___.A.1578B.1582C.1599D.1616(When)\nTheirfirstchildwasadaughter.Latertheyhadtwins.In1585,Shakespearelefthishometown,Stratford-upon-Avon.Hiswifeandchildrenstayedbehind.Nooneknowswhyheleftorwhathedidbetween1585and1592.In1585,ShakespearelefthishometownStratford-upon-Avon_____.A.withhiswifeB.withhisdaughterC.aloneD.withhiswifeandchildren(Withwhom)\nA:…anddon’tforgetthemilk,wehaven’tgotanyleft.B:Soweneedmilk,bread,chickenandeggs.Anythingelse?A:No.Waitaminute.We’rehavingAnneandTonytodinneronFriday.Shedoesn’teatmeat.You’dbettergetsomefish.B:OK.Seeyoulater.④Whichshoppinglistdoesthespeakertake?\n1largefish,bread,4chickenthighs,2kilospork2litresmilk,1kilofreshbeef,8chickenwings,1dozeggs,1freshfish1litremilk,somebread,4chickenbreasts,1dozeggs,1kilofreshfish2litresmilk,1dozeggs,2kilosfish,1wholechicken④Whichshoppinglistdoesthespeakertake?A.①B.②C.③D.④(Which)\nAccident:Acarcrashedintoatree.Somepeopleweretrappedinthecar.Weathercondition:Therewasaheavyrain.Dateofcall:June3,2006Timeofcall:9:30p.m.⑤WhattimedidMrsGreencallthepolice?\n⑤WhattimedidMrsGreencallthepolice?Accident:Acarcrashedintoatree.Somepeopleweretrappedinthecar.Weathercondition:Therewasaheavyrain.Dateofcall:June3,2006Timeofcall:9:30p.m.At9:00a.m.B.At9:30p.m.C.At9:40p.m.D.At9:45p.m.(Whattime)\n⑥WhydoCanadiansandAmericansofteninvitefriendsformealsathome?A.Becausetheycansavetime.B.Becausetheycanspendlessmoney.C.Becausetheyenjoyentertainingathome.D.Becausetheyhavemodernandbeautifulhouses.InCanadaandtheUnitedStates,peopleenjoyentertaining(请客)athome.Theyofteninvitefriendsoverforameal,aparty,orjustforcoffeeandconversation.(Why)\nHerearethekindsofthingspeoplesaywhentheyinvitesomeonetotheirhome:“WouldyouliketocomeoverfordinnerSaturdaynight?”…Sometimes,however,peopleuseexpressionsthatsoundlikeinvitationsbutwhicharenotrealinvitations.Forexample:“Pleasecomeoverforadrinksometime.”…Theyarenotrealinvitationsbecausetheydon’tmentionaspecifictimeordate.⑦Whichofthefollowingisarealinvitation?\nWhichofthefollowingisarealinvitation?A.“Ifyou’refree,let’sgoforadrinksometime.”B.“Pleasegotothecinemawithmesomeday.”C.“Wouldyouliketohaveacupofteawithussometime?”D.“I’vetwoticketshere.Canyougototheconcertwithme?”(Whichstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?)\nDearSirorMadam,LastThursday,Itravledonthe8:00trainfromGlasgowtoLondonKing’sCrossandIwasquiteangrywiththeserviceofyourcompany.Thetraindidn’tcomeontime…Wehadfurtherdelaysonthewayandhadtowaitanotherthirtyminutes.Asaresult,ImissedmyplanefromLondontoFrankfurtandhadtowaitforseveralhours…YourfaithfullyDavidRobertson⑧HowdidDavidgotoFrankfurtfromLondon?(How)\n⑧HowdidDavidgotoFrankfurtfromLondon?DearSirorMadam,LastThursday,Itravledonthe8:00trainfromGlasgowtoLondonKing’sCrossandIwasquiteangrywiththeserviceofyourcompany.Thetraindidn’tcomeontime…Wehadfurtherdelaysonthewayandhadtowaitanotherthirtyminutes.Asaresult,ImissedmyplanefromLondontoFrankfurtandhadtowaitforseveralhours…YourfaithfullyDavidRobertsonByplane.B.Bybus.C.Bycar.D.Bytrain.\n2、什么是整体概括题？从文章的整体层面上设置的主观概括题，如：为本文选择一个恰当的题目、推测本文作者想要表达的意图等。Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?Whatdoesthepassagewanttotellus?/Whatdoesthewriteractuallywanttosay?(thewriter’sattention)Whichisthepropertitleaccordingtothepassage?\nInCanadaandtheUnitedStates,peopleenjoyentertainingathome.Theyofteninvite...Herearethekindsofthingspeoplesaywhentheyinvitesomeonetotheirhome:…Sonexttimewhenyouhearwhatsoundslikeaninvitation,listencarefully.Isitarealinvitationoristhepersonjustbeingfriendly?Thepassageismainlyabout_________.A.entertainmentathomeB.realinvitationsornotC.expressionsofstartingaconversationD.waysofendingaconversation(mainidea)\nEachyearthereisanincreasingnumberofcars…MostAmericansfindithardtothinkwhatlifewouldbewithoutacar.However,somehaverealizedtheseriousproblemofairpollutionbycars…Onewaytogetridofthepollutedairisto…Anotherwayisto…Topreventtheworld…cutdownonthenumberoftheircars…gotoworkbybike…Althoughcarshavebroughtusabetterlife,theyhavealsobroughtusnewproblems.Thewriterwantstotellusthat_____.\nThewriterwantstotellusthat_____.A.Ridingabikeistheonlywayout.B.ThenumberofcarsmustbecutdownC.Manwon’tlivewithoutcarsD.Carsbringusnotonlyabetterlifebutalsoseriousproblems.(thewriter’sattention)\nWhichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ANewWaytoGetRidofPollutedAirB.CarsandPollutedAirC.ManySeriousProblemsintheUSAD.ChangesinCarProduction(thebesttitle)\n3、什么是理解推测题？根据文章的上下文，猜测某个词在该情境中的具体含义；根据对文章片断的理解，重新排列成正确的顺序；根据所给的部分文章内容，推测其故事结尾或其他部分。\nInthepassage,theword“master”means“____”inChinese.A.服务员B.邻居C.佣人D.主人...Thewolfsawthatthedogwasfatandcomfortable,soheasked,“Cousindog,doyouknowwhereIcanfindsomefood?”“Oh,thereisalwaysfoodinmyhouse,”saidthedog.“Mymastergivesmeplentyofmeat.”“Master?”saidthewolf.“What’sthat?”“ThemanIworkfor,”saidthedog.“Myjobiseasy.I…”\nCoffeehousesandtheLondonStockExchangeInthe17thcenturyLondon,coffeehouseswerebusyandnoisyplaces.Businessmenandbankerswenttocoffeehousestotheirbusiness,aswellastodrinkcoffee.Infact,theLondonStockExchange(股票交易所)isbelievedtohavestartedfromthesecoffeehouses.②Fromthelastparagraph（段落）wecansee.\nA.anewbusinesswasstartedincoffeehousesB.coffeehousesarestillusedbybusinessmenandbankersC.businessmenandbankerswenttocoffeehousesjustforcoffeeD.mostpeoplewouldn’tliketogotocoffeehousesbecauseofthenoiseCoffeehousesandtheLondonStockExchangeInthe17thcenturyLondon,coffeehouseswerebusyandnoisyplaces.Businessmenandbankerswenttocoffeehousestotheirbusiness,aswellastodrinkcoffee.Infact,theLondonStockExchange(股票交易所)isbelievedtohavestartedfromthesecoffeehouses.②Fromthelastparagraph（段落）wecansee.\nItisabeautifuldayinJune.Thesunishot.It’stimetoharveststrawberries,andthestrawberryfieldsarefullofpeople.…Theyarepickingfruitforfun.Theycanbuystrawberriesinasupermarket,butitischeapertopicktheirownfruit.Strawberriesfromthefarmarealsofresher.Thestoryimplies(暗示)thatstrawberriesinthesupermarketare_______.A.largerB.lessfreshC.cheaperD.betterforyourhealth\n三、解题技巧：通常老师出题时会考虑一个段落出一题，因此，同学们做题时可以按照这个思路一段一段地向下找答案。答题前可以先通读全文，同时有意识地把一些关键词句勾画下来，以便答题时能迅速找到相应的答案。如果时间紧张，也可以先读题，再根据每一段开头的主题句，到相应的段落中找答案。\n同学们在练习中要注意：有意识地针对自己的薄弱点做一些练习：如果是细节题经常错，那么每次做类似的题目时都要在原文中把相应的句子勾画出来；如果是整体概括题经常错，就要有意识地锻炼自己找文章的中心句和每一段的主题句（可以参照语文阅读中的相应做题方法），把这些句子结合在一起来概括文章的中心大意，切不可根据刚刚读过的最后一段来做此类题目。\n中考链接让我们试一试\nMyfavouritegreatbookisTheAdventureofTomSawyerbyMarkTwain.TomliveswithhisauntPollyinaquietstreetofStPetersburg,Missouri.He’salivelyandcleveryoungboy,andhefindshimselfinmanyexcitingadventures(冒险).Herunsawaywithhistwofriends,HuckFinnandJoe,toanislandinthemiddleoftheMississippiRiverforseveraldays.WithHuckhegoeslookingfortreasure,withBeckyhegetslostinacave,andfinally,theyfindaboxofgold.\nMyfavouritesceneinthebookiswheneveryonethinksTomisdead.Hedecidestogotohisownfuneral.Hehidesandwatchesforatime,andthensuddenlyheappears.Everyoneissurprisedtoseehimbutthey’realsopleasedtoseehimalive.Tomistheheroofthestory,butthereareotherimportantcharacters.Huckisanoutsiderandeveryoneisafraidofhim.Beckyisprettywithfairhair,JoeisTom’sbestfriend,andInjunJoeisthebadmanofthestory.\nThethemeofthestoryisaboutchildrengrowingup.ItdescribeshowstrangersareseeninsmalltownsofAmerica.Finally,ittalksaboutfreedom,socialrulesandhowpeoplearepunished(惩罚)forbadbehavior.WhydoIthinkTheAdventureofTomSawyerisagreatbook?MarkTwainwrotethestoryin1876,butit’sstillreadandlovedbypeopleallovertheworldtoday.Andalthoughit’sonlyastory,TwainwroteitintheeverydayEnglishofthesouthernstatesofAmericainthe19thcentury,soitsoundsveryreal.Todayit’sthoughttobeoneofthegreatestbooksinAmericanliterature.Goon—readit!Iknowyou’llenjoyit,too.\n1.WheredoesTomrunawaywithhistwofriends?A.Toaquietstreet.B.Toasmalltown.C.Toanisland.D.Toaforest.He’salivelyandcleveryoungboy,andhefindshimselfinmanyexcitingadventures(冒险).Herunsawaywithhistwofriends,HuckFinnandJoe,toanislandinthemiddleoftheMississippiRiverforseveraldays.\n2.Whoisthebadmaninthestory?A.HuckFinn.B.InjunJoe.C.Becky.D.Polly.Huckisanoutsiderandeveryoneisafraidofhim.Beckyisprettywithfairhair,JoeisTom’sbestfriend,andInjunJoeisthebadmanofthestory.\n3.HowdidpeoplefeelwhenTomappearedathisownfuneral?A.Theyweresurprisedandpleased.B.Theyweresurprisedandsad.C.Theywereworriedandexcited.D.Theywerefrightenedandhappy.Hedecidestogotohisownfuneral.Hehidesandwatchesforatime,andthensuddenlyheappears.Everyoneissurprisedtoseehimbutthey’realsopleasedtoseehimalive.\n4.Thewholebookismainlyabout.A.freedomandsocialrulesB.children’sbadbehaviourC.thegrowthofyoungchildrenD.strangersinAmericansmalltowns.Thethemeofthestoryisaboutchildrengrowingup.ItdescribeshowstrangersareseeninsmalltownsofAmerica.Finally,ittakesaboutfreedom,socialrulesandhowpeoplearepunished(惩罚)forbadbehaviour.\n5.Thewriterwritesthearticleto.A.askustoreadthebookB.tellushowpopularthebookistodayC.telluswhenMarkTwainwrotethestoryD.telluswhythestorysoundsveryrealTodayit’sthoughttobeoneofthegreatestbooksinAmericanliterature.Goon—readit!Iknowyou’llenjoyit,too.\n我们怎样做才能提高阅读成绩呢？\n坚持以下原则：定量---坚持定时做一定量的练习；耐心---对于每篇文章都要耐心地看下去；忽略---要学会忽略遇到的生词，不要逐字读文章，遇到不影响理解的生词跳过去；学习方法---在老师讲解的过程中注意老师所讲的解题方法，学会如何有针对性地在文章中找答案，有意识地分析为什么有些题型总是会错，并试着找些类似的题目多加练习。\n主观阅读题考什么？1.理解文章后找出相应答案，并用英语表述出来；2.我们所要完成的任务包括回答问题、填写表格、将一句英文翻译成中文、偶尔会要求把一句英文排列成正确的语序、猜测某个词在句中的意思。\n如何解答这些题目：有的问题的答案可以直接在文章中找到，但是我们需要付出足够的耐心；有的问题的答案需要我们将有关信息重新组合一下，因此我们必须细心思考；有的问题要我们表达自己的观点，需要我们简单明了地表述出来。将英文译成中文时要注意符合中文的语言习惯，不能简单地按照英文的顺序翻译。\nInacountrysuchastheUnitedStates,peoplewithdifferenthistory,cultureandlanguagejointogetherandtheypaymuchattentiontopersonalideas.Teacherstrytomakeeachstudentspecial.Studentsdonothavetorememberalotofinformation.Instead,theyworkandfindanswersbythemselves.①DostudentsintheUnitedStateshavetorememberalotofinformation?No.\nThereisoftendiscussionintheclassroom.Atanearlyagestudentslearntohavetheirownideas.Theireducationencouragespersonalthought.Theimportanceisplacedonhowtoarriveatananswerandnotonlytogetthecorrectanswer.②ThereisoftendiscussionintheclassroominAmerica,isn’tthere?③WhatdoestheeducationintheUnitedStatesencourage?Yes.Personalthought.\nInmostAsiancountries,peoplehavethesamelanguage,historyandculture.Perhapsforthisreason,theeducationtherepaysmoreattentiontogroupgoalsthanpersonalideas.ChildreninChinaandJapanoftenworktogetherandhelpeachotheronhomework.④WhichdoestheeducationinsomeAsiancountriespaymoreattentionto,groupgoalsorpersonalideas?Groupgoals.\n⑤Putthesentence“InsomeAsiancountries,however,teachersoftenfeelthattheirjobistopassknowledgetostudents.”intoChinese.然而，在一些亚洲国家，老师们觉得他们的工作就是把知识传递给学生。\n中考链接\nOurlocalcommunity(社区）YouthClubisaverypopularorganizationwithyoungpeopleinmytown.IhavebeenamemberforfouryearsnowandI'vetakenpartinalotofinterestingprojects.Theseincludefunactivitiessuchasholidaycampsanddiscos.Wehaveevenmadeavideo.Butitisn’talljustenjoyment.Wehavealsostarteddoingsocialworktohelppeopleinourneighborhood.Wehaveorganizedactivitiesorsmallchildrenduringtheholidays.Wehavealsoformedaspecialsupportgrouptohelpyoungpeoplestopsmoking.\nWeareparticularlyproudofthemostrecentgroupwehavecreated.Itorganizesregularvisitstothelocalhomefortheelderly.Thisideacamefromaschoolvisittoahomefortheelderly.Myclassspentanafternoonatthehomeandeveryonefoundthevisitveryrewarding(有意义的).Theoldpeopleatthehomewereexcitedbyourvisits.Theywereverytalkative(健谈的)andtheytoldustheirpersonalstories.Duringourvisit,thehomewasfullofthesoundoflaughter.Wesangsongsandplayedgameswiththeoldpeopleandhadteatogether.Butwerealizedthatlifewasn’talwayseasy.\nSomeofthemwereinpoorhealthandwereveryunhappy.Theycouldn’tgooutsideandthevisitsbychildrenbroughtsomesunshineintotheirlives.Manyyoungpeoplelikemehaveverylittlecontactwithelderlypeople.Asaresult,wehavealotofwrongideasaboutthem.Wehavelittleornoideaofthekindoflivestheyleadinthehomes.Afterthisvisit,myfriendsandIdecidedweshoulddosomethingtohelpimprovethequalityoftheirlives.\nSincethecreationofourvisitinggroup,overtwentyvolunteershavejoinedus.Uptonow,wehaveorganizedthreegroupeveningpartiesandaconcert.ButIthinktheindividual(单独的）visitsarethemostimportant.Clubmembersregularlyvisitoldpeopleandeveryonefindstheexperiencerichandrewarding.\nOurlocalcommunity(社区）YouthClubisaverypopularorganizationwithyoungpeopleinmytown.IhavebeenamemberforfouryearsnowandI'vetakenpartinalotofinterestingprojects.IsthewriteramemberoftheYouthClub?Yes.\n2.Howdidtheoldpeoplefeelbythechildren’svisit?Theoldpeoplefeltexcitedbythechildren’svisit./Excited.Theoldpeopleatthehomewereexcitedbyourvisits.Theywereverytalkative(健谈的)andtheytoldustheirpersonalstories.Duringourvisit,thehomewasfullofthesoundoflaughter.Wesangsongsandplayedgameswiththeoldpeopleandhadteatogether.\nManyyoungpeoplelikemehaveverylittlecontactwithelderlypeople.Asaresult,wehavealotofwrongideasaboutthem.Wehavelittleornoideaofthekindoflivestheyleadinthehomes.3.Whydoyoungpeoplehavewrongideasabouttheelderly?Becauseyoungpeoplehavelittlecontactwiththeelderly.\nWehavelittleornoideaofthekindoflivestheyleadinthehomes.Afterthisvisit,myfriendsandIdecidedweshoulddosomethingtohelpimprovethequalityoftheirlives.4.Whatdidthewriterandhisfriendsdecidetodoafterthevisittothehomefortheelderly?Todosomethingtohelpimprovethequalityoftheoldpeople’slives.\n5.Putthesentence“Theycouldn’tgooutsideandthevisitbychildrenbroughtsomesunshineintotheirlives.”intoChinese.这些老人不能外出，孩子们的来访给他们的生活带来了阳光。\n同学们在答题时需要注意以下几点：回答问题要答在要点上，不要啰嗦（有时写多了反而写错了）；翻译句子时一定要注意符合中文的语言习惯，不能就英文的字面翻译。排序时先把自己最熟悉的词组写下来。你只要能写出两、三个词组，那么这个句子也就基本上出来了；\n不论是主观阅读还是客观阅读，它们都是以篇章的形式出现，因此，我们必须在阅读时把它看作一个整体，在理解全文大意的前提下有针对性地挖掘细节内容。对于需要我们总结或猜测的题目，不能局限在这句话或这个段落中，一定要看上下文，如果不确定就重新看一下全文（找首尾段和其他段落的主题句）。Tips：\n预祝大家中考取得理想成绩