2013高考英语 核心考点曝光 高考压轴题 10页

2013高考英语核心考点曝光高考压轴题开场白：1、问好同学们大家好！欢迎来到我的讲座2、讲明所讲内容我今天要给大家讲的是：2013年高考英语题型变化分析及压轴题解读。我们将一起分析近年来英语高考题型的变化特点并选讲部分典型例题和压轴题。希望我的讲座能为同学们实现梦想助一臂之力。3、引入正文首先，我想说明的是：虽然现在很多省区都自主出题，但因为所有省区的试卷都依照教育部颁发的《英语课程标准》制定自己的考试大纲，所以虽然各地试题的题型可能有不同，但是他们考查的基础知识点和能力方向都是一致的。他们相互影响，共同发展。因此研究各省市试题的共性和异同有助于我们把握高考的发展趋势，科学备战高考。题型解读和解题思路点拨：输入能力检测性试题—输出能力检测性试题输入听力（任务型听力，实质就是听写北京、湖南、重庆）阅读（任务型阅读：信息匹配广东；信息还原北京，全国卷，辽宁卷、陕西；信息提取填空：江苏、安徽、阅读回答问题：湖南、江西、山东、天津上海短文填词：福建；阅读对话填空：四川、陕西；选择段落标题：浙江、上海）基础知识运用单选辩音（语音知识）（陕西）单项选择（语法知识）完形填空输出短文改错（全国新课标卷（句）、全国卷、四川、重庆（行）、辽宁卷、（句）、陕西（句）、）完成句子翻译：湖北、陕西书面表达（写图、提纲作文）阅读表达（广东）一、听力试题无听力考区：浙江、天津、陕西、四川、广东1、基本题型和变化特点基本题型：选择题+信息填空（北京、重庆、湖南）10\n短对话+长对话或独白基本能力考查点不变1）听力考查五项微技能：（1）理解归纳话语的主旨要义；（2）获取事实性信息；（3）根据所获取的信息进行简单推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度；（5）记录或加工所获取的信息（新增题型）发展点：根据要求，记录或加工所获取的信息”。（2012重庆）1.Howoldisthegirl?（获取事实性信息）（2012重庆）2.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?（根据所获取的信息进行简单推断）（2012重庆）16.Whatkindoffoodmightthewomanhavetonight?（根据所获取的信息进行简单推断）（2012重庆）6.WhichTVprogramdoesthewomenlikebest?(理解说话者的意图、观点和态度)（2012重庆）8.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?(理解归纳话语的主旨要义)TimetableofaRadioStationTimeProgramRadioFour7:30__18__RadioThree7:30ConcertRadioTwo8:00__19__MatchRadioOne10:00NewsRadioOne__20__Travel（5）记录或加工所获取的信息（新增题型）压轴题的特点（压轴题 就是一张试卷里面比较难的题目 压轴题出题的目的就是区分优等生和一般生达到选拔人才的目的。）1）难度大：加大归纳信息，推断说话者的意图、观点和态度的比例和难度。2）加大提问和输入信息的复杂程度，从而达到考查考生用英语思维的能力。3）听力文本中增加8级词汇的比例。2010北京听力5.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Offeringhelp.B.Askingforinformation.C.Makinganintroduction.M:Goodmorning,mayIhelpyou?W:I’dliketorentacar,please.M:Okay.Fullsize,mid-sizeorsmallsize,madam?10\nW:Smallsize,please.What’stherate?M:78dollarsaday.13.Whatruleshouldyoufollowifyouwanttoenterthesportscomplex?A.Wearappropriateshoes.B.Registeronthenoticeboard.C.Makeanappointmentwithacoach.14.Howmuchisthebuffet?A.£4.B.£8.C.£10.15.Whatisthepurposeoftheannouncement?A.Tointroduceaplayingfield.B.Tointroduceaholidaycamp.C.Tointroduceafruitmarket.Text9M:WelcometoSherwoodHolidayVillage.Wehopeyouwillenjoyyourholidaywithus.Thesportscomplexisopenfrom6a.m.to9p.m.,andisavailablefortennis,badmintonandbowling.Youcanhireequipmentforjustfourpounds.Coachingisavailableattenpoundsperhour,butyoumustbookinadvance.Ifyouenjoycompetition,therewillbeavarietyofgamesthroughouttheweek.Pleasewriteyournameonthenoticeboardifyouareinterested.Andifyouneedsomethingtodrinkafteragame,youcanpurchasefruitjuice,mineralwaterandotherdrinksfromthebar.Justtoremindyouthatappropriateshoesmustbeworninthesportscomplex.Nexttothesportscomplexisaswimmingpool.Ifyouwanttolookyourbestinthepool,oursportsshophasawiderangeofdesignerswimwear.Forgoodmeals,youcangototheSherwoodRestaurant.Ifyou’dliketotrythebuffet,youcanhaveagoodmealforjusteightpounds.Ifyouprefertoeatin,youcanpurchasefoodfromthemini-market.Thebread,freshfruitandvegetablesaredeliveredtothemini-marketdaily.Forallinquiries,pleasecometothereceptiondeskandwe’llbegladtoassist. 。第三节(共5小题；每小题l.5分，共7.5分)听下面一段对话，完成第l6至第20五道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。CustomerComplaintForm(客户投诉表)CustomerThompsonElectronics10\nProblemA16delivery：lPrintersordered：25HWl7lPrintersdelivered：25HW56CauseAcomputerl8problemSolution(解决方案)lPostthecorrectorderl9deliverylPuta$30020onthecustomer’saccount第三节Text10W:Hello,Home&OfficeSupplies.CanIhelpyou?M:Yes,it’sThomasElectronicshere.Wehaveanaccountwithyou.W:Oh,yes.HowcanIhelp?M:Wejusthavesomeprintersdelivered,buttheyarethewrongones.W:Oh,dear.Idoapologizeforthemistake.M:Idon’tknowhowyoucouldhavegotitwrong.Weorderfromyouallthetime.W:Iknow.Butunfortunately,we’vebeenhavingaproblemwithourcomputersystem.M:Well,howcanwesortthisout?W:Couldyoubearwithmeamomentplease?Ah,yes,Ihavetheorderhere.Youwant25HW3C56printers.Isthatcorrect?M:Yes,that’sright.Butyousentus25HW56instead.W:Isee.I’llsortitoutrightawayandwe’llposttheorderspecialdelivery.M:Thanks.W:I’llputa300-dollar-creditonyouraccounttomakeuptheinconvenienceaswell.Isthatallright?M:Oh,that’sverynice.Thanks.听力压轴题答题技巧先看后听，心中有数。整体把握，胸有全局。集中精力，重点注意。利用语境，理解语用。运用常识，合理选题。看提问，画出关键词，明确做事的人，预测听力内容。（2012全国）8.Whatdidthemanthinkofthemeal?A.Justso-so.B.Quitesatisfactory.C.Abitdisappointing.（2012全国）13.WhatwouldJoeprobablydoduringtheThanksgivingholiday?A.Gotoaplay.B.Stayathome.C.VisitKingston.10\n任务型听力听写多与语音知识相关，常犯错误就是误听，其原因在于同学们缺乏语音技能的综合训练。比较重要的语音技能是：区分相同或相似的元音和辅音音素；熟悉词与词之间的连读；单词和句子之间的弱读；句子重音；不完全爆破；语音同化等。平时，同学们需要注意一些重点知识和技能的训练，如：（1）学会利用语境来判断词和句的意义，尤其是利用语境学会对同音异义词的理解，而不是孤立的背诵单词；（2）能熟练地拼写大纲所列单词和短语；熟知英语词汇的分类、构词规则，以及了解和掌握习语、短语，加强对意群的记忆与理解；（3）掌握句法与语义知识，包括对句子结构，句型转换规则，语义特征如歧义、反义等知识的了解。临考时，根据题目展开联想，推测话题内容，同时仔细理解第一句。借助语法和句法知识判断一些典型易犯错误，如单复数一致性、时态匹配、大小写、介词搭配、词语用法、前后语境内容的通顺等问题。一、阅读64.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatpeopleunderpressuretendto______.A.keeprewardsbetterintheirmemoryB.recallconsequencesmoreeffortlesslyC.makeriskydecisionsmorefrequentlyD.learnasubjectmoreeffectivelyC.Decision-makingunderStressAnewreviewbasedonaresearchshowsthatacutestressaffectsthewaythebrainconsiderstheadvantagesanddisadvantages,causingittofocusonpleasureandignorethepossiblenegative(负面的)consequencesofadecision.Theresearchsuggeststhatstressmaychangethewaypeoplemakechoicesinpredictableways.“Stressaffectshowpeoplelearn,”saysProfessorMaraMather.“Peoplelearnbetteraboutpositivethannegativeoutcomesunderstress.”Forexample,tworecentstudieslookedathowpeoplelearnedtoconnectimages(影像)witheitherrewardsorpunishments.Inoneexperiment,someoftheparticipantswerefirststressedbyhavingtogiveaspeechanddodifficultmathproblemsinfrontofanaudience;intheother,somewerestressedbyhavingtokeeptheirhandsinicewater.Inbothcases,thestressedparticipantsrememberedtherewardedmaterialmoreaccuratelyandthepunishedmateriallessaccuratelythanthosewhohadn’tgonethroughthestress.Thisphenomenonislikelynotsurprisingtoanyonewhohastriedtoresisteating10\ncookiesorsmokingacigarettewhileunderstress–atthosemoments,onlythepleasureassociatedwithsuchactivitiescomestomind.Butthefindingsfurthersuggestthatstressmaybringaboutadoubleeffect.Notonlyarerewardingexperiencesrememberedbetter,butnegativeconsequencesarealsolesseasilyrecalled.Theresearchalsofoundthatstressappearstoaffectdecision-makingdifferentlyinmenandwomen.Whilebothmenandwomentendtofocusonrewardsandlessonconsequencesunderstress,theirresponsestoriskturnouttobedifferent.Menwhohadbeenstressedbythecold-watertasktendedtotakemorerisksintheexperimentwhilewomenrespondedintheoppositeway.Instressfulsituationsinwhichrisk-takingcanpayoffbig,menmaytendtodobetter,whencautionweighsmore,however,womenwillwin.Thistendencytoslowdownandbecomemorecautiouswhendecisionsareriskymightalsohelpexplainwhywomenarelesslikelytobecomeaddictedthanmen:theymaymoreoftenavoidmakingtheriskychoicesthateventuallyhardenintoaddiction.第四步比较选项，慎重选择。（词句理解）Wilderness“Inwilderness(荒野)isthepreservationoftheworld.”Thisisafamoussayingfromawriterregardedasoneofthefathersofenvironmentalism.Thefrequencywithwhichitisborrowedmirrorsaheateddebateonenvironmentalprotection:whethertoplacewildernessattheheartofwhatistobepreserved.AsJohnSauvenofGreenpeaceUKpointsout,thereisastrongappealinimagesofthe10\nwild,theuntouched;morethananythingelse,theyspeakofthenaturethatmanypeoplevaluemostdearly.Theurgetoleavethesubjectofsuchimagesuntouchedisstrong,andthedangerexploitation(开发)bringstosuchlandscapes(景观)isreal.Someofthesewildernessesalsoperformfunctionsthathumansneed—therainforests,forexample,storecarboninvastquantities.ToMr.Sauven,these”ecosystemservices”faroutweighthegainsfromexploitation.LeeLane,avisitingfellowattheHudsonInstitute,takestheopposingview.Heacknowledgesthatwildernessesdoprovideusefulservices,suchaswaterconservation.Butthatisnot,heargues,areasontoavoidallhumanpresence,orindeedcommercialandindustrialexploitation.ThereareevermorepeopleontheEarth,andtheyreasonablyandrightfullywanttohavebetterlives,ratherthanmerelystruggleforsurvival.Whilethewaysofusingresourceshaveimproved,thereisstillagrowingneedforrawmaterials,andsomewildernessescontaintheminabundance.Iftheycanbetappedwithoutreducingtheservicesthosewildernessesprovide,theargumentgoes,thereisnofurtherreasonnottodoso.Beinguntouchedisnot,initself,acharacteristicworthvaluingaboveallothers.Ilookforwardstoseeingtheseviewstakenfurther,andtotheirbeingchallengedbytheotherparticipants.Onechallengethatsuggestsitselftomeisthatbothcasesneedtotakeonthequestionofspiritualvaluealittlemoredirectly.Andthereisapracticalquestionastowhetherwildernessescanbeexploitedwithoutharm.Thisisatopicthatcallsfornotonlyfreeexpressionoffeelings,butalsotheguidanceofreason.Whatpositionwildernessshouldenjoyinthepreservationoftheworldobviouslydeservesmuchmoreseriousthinking.67.JohnSauvenholdsthat_____.A.manypeoplevaluenaturetoomuchB.exploitationofwildernessesisharmfulC.wildernessesprovidehumanswithnecessitiesD.theurgetodeveloptheecosystemservicesisstrongPublicSpeakingandCriticalThinkingWhatiscriticalthinking?Toacertaindegree,it’samatteroflogic(逻辑)—ofbeingabletospotweaknessesinotherpeople’sargumentsandtoavoidtheminyourown.Italsoincludesrelatedskillssuchasdistinguishingfactfromopinionandassessingthesoundnessofevidence.Inthebroadsense,criticalthinkingisfocused,organizedthinking—theabilitytoseeclearlytherelationshipsamongideas.71Thegreatestthinkers,scientists,andinventorshaveoftentakeninformationthatwasreadilyavailableputittogetherdifferentlytoproducenewideas.That,too,iscriticalthinking.72Astheclassgoeson,forexample,youwillprobablyspendagooddealoftimeorganizingyourspeeches.Whilethismayseemlikeapurelymechanical(机械的)exercise,itiscloselyconnectedwithcriticalthinking.Ifthestructureofyourspeechislooseandconfused,chancesarethatyourthinkingisalsodisorderedand10\nconfused.If,ontheotherhand,thestructureisclear,thereisagoodchanceyourthinkingistoo.Organizingaspeechisnotjustamatterofarrangingtheideasyoualreadyhave.73Whatistrueoforganizationistrueofmanyaspectsofpublicspeaking.74Asyouworkonexpressingyourideasinclear,accuratelanguage,youwillimproveyourabilitytothinkclearlyandaccurately.75Asyoulearntolistencriticallytospeechesinclass,youwillbebetterabletoassesstheideasofspeakersinavarietyofsituations.Ifyoutakefulladvantageofyourspeechclass,youwillbeabletodevelopyourskillsasacriticalthinkerinmanycircumstances.ThisisonereasonpublicspeakinghasbeenregardedasavitalpartofeducationsincethedaysofancientGreece.A.Rather,itisanimportantpartofshapingtheideasthemselves.B.Thismayseemlikealotoftime,buttherewardsarewellworthit.C.Itmayalsohelpyoutoknowthatthereisnosuchthingasaperfectspeech.D.Ithasoftenbeensaidthattherearefewnewideasintheworld,onlyreorganizedideas.E.Ifyouarewonderingwhatthishastodowithyourpublicspeakingclass,theanswerisquitealot.F.Theskillsyoulearninyourspeechclasscanhelpyoubecomeamoreeffectivethinkerinanumberofways.G.Asyoustudytheroleofevidenceandreasoninginspeechmaking,youwillseehowtheycanbeusedinotherformsofcommunicationaswell.三、单项填空（广东、湖北不考）单项填空主要考查考生对语言知识的掌握情况。出题的依据是：尽可能全面覆盖各省基于《英语课程标准》所制定出来的《英语考试大纲》中所要求掌握的重点语法项目。出题的原则是：在真实语境中考查语法知识，突出考查考生在交际中灵活运用基础知识的能力。考查的重点是：时态语态、非谓、从句、情景交际为每年必考重点。2011年的高考英语安徽卷单项填空的考点及题号分布详见下表：代词连词介词动词及动词短语副词时态语态非谓语定语从句名词性从句情景交际22242521、343126、27、323028  3323、29、352012年高考英语安徽卷单项填空的考点及题号分布详见下表：冠词连词介词动词短语形容词时态语态非谓语定语从句名词性从句虚拟情景交际213425283126、33、3524、3029  273122、322012高考英语北京卷单项填空的考点及题号分布详见下表：代词介词时态语态非谓语定语从句状语虚拟10\n句子种类从句宾语从句28313422、25、29、3023、27、3226  212433、35试题特点：考察主干的常规的基础知识。（不偏不怪；不单纯靠记忆而看语境）（2012浙江）2.Thedevelopmentofindustryhasbeen_______gradualprocessthroughout______humanexistencefromstonetoolstomoderntechnology.A./;theB.the;aC.a;/D.a;a（2012安徽）21.Carlisstudyingfoodscienceatcollegeandhopestoopenupmeatprocessingfactoryofhisownoneday.A./；aB./；theC.the;aD.the;the（2012全国新课标）22.Sarahlookedatfinishedpaintingwithsatisfaction.A.不填;aB.a;theC.the;不填D.the;a（2012四川）18.Wearesaidtobelivingin____InformationAge,____timeofnewdiscoveriesandgreatchanges.A.an;theB.不填;theC.不填;aD.the;a四、完形解题思路点拨正确的阅读方法1）带空语篇阅读借助想象力从整体上理解句子或段落的意思。注意阅读首句和尾段。这是正确选择答案的关键。2）选词填空设想自己是作者，挑选适当的词完成语篇。先完成考虑句子层面逻辑就可以确定的答案。3）再读全文检查语篇逻辑是否通顺。略读全文注意文章整体脉络和文化特点。Inspiration“Mama,whenIgrowup,I’mgoingtobeoneofthose!”IsaidthisafterseeingtheCapitalDancingCompanyperformwhenIwasthree.Itwasthefirsttimethatmy__36__tookonavividformandactedassomethingimportanttostartmytraining.AsIgrewolderandwas__37__tomore,myinterestsintheworldofdance__38__variedbutthatlittlegirl’sdreamofsomedaybecominga__39__inthecompanyneverleftme.Inthesummerof2005whenIwas18,Ireceivedthephonecallwhichmadethatdreama__40__;Ibecameamemberofthecompany__41__backto1925.10\nAsIlookbackonthatdaynow,itsurely__42__anysenseofreality.IbelieveIstayedinastateofpleasantdisbelief__43__Iwashalfwaythroughrehearsals(排练)onmyfirstday.Ineveractually__44__togetthejob.Afterbeingofferedtheposition,Iwascompletely__45__.Iremembershakingwithexcitement.ThoughIwasabsolutelythrilledwiththechange,itdidnotcomewithoutitsfairshareof__46__.Throughthestrictrehearsalperiodofdancingsixdaysaweek,Ifounditvitalto__47__upthematerialfastwitheverylastbitofconcentration.Itisthatextreme__48__todetail(细节)andstressonpracticethatsetus__49__.Tothenfollowthosehigh-energyrehearsals__50__abusyshowscheduleofuptofiveperformancesaday,Idiscoveredanew__51__ofthewords“hardwork.”WhatIthoughtweremyphysical__52__werepushedmuchfurtherthanIthought__53__.Ilearnedtomakeeachperformancebetterthanthelast.Today,whenIlookattheunbelievablecompanythatIhavethegreat__54__ofbeingapartof,notonlyasamember,butasadancecaptain,Iseea__55__thathasinspirednotonlygenerationsoflittlegirlsbutasplendidcompanythatcontinuestodevelopandgrow-andinspirespeopleeverydaytofollowtheirdreams.36.A.hobbyB.planC.dreamD.word37.AconnectedB.expandedC.exposedD.extended38.A.rarelyB.certainlyC.probablyD.consistently39.A.directorB.trainerC.leaderD.dancer40.A.symbolB.memoryC.truthD.reality41.A.bouncingB.datingC.turningD.tracking高考就是考智力高考就是考毅力高考最后就是考体力英语通常在最后一科。在经历了语文、数学、文综/理综的激励或打击之后，英语终于到来。有了健康的体魄，我们才能坚持到考试结束。10