高考语法复习之广东高考语法填空技巧指导 8页

技巧篇-广东高考语法填空(RationalCloze)专题讲座真题剖析阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填人一个适当的词或使川括号屮词语的正确形式填空.Janewaswalkingroundthedepartmentstore.Sherememberedhowdifficult31wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.Shewishedthathewasaseasy32(plcasc)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnot33pleasantexperience：peoplesteppedonyourfeetor34(push)youwiththeirelbows()l寸部)，hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.Janepausedinfrontofacounter35someattractivetieswereondisplay.“Theyarerealsilk,”theassistanttriedtoattracther-"Worthdoubletheprice.”ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather36(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.Janestoppedwhereasmallcrowdofmenhadgathered・Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipes37sale.Shedidnothesitateforlong：althoughherfathersmokedapipeonlyonceinawhile,sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasboundtoplease•WhenJanegothome,withhersmallbutwell-chosenpresentinherbag,herparentswerealready39—tablehavingsupper.Hermotherwasexcited.uYourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane40(inform).广东高考语法填空题究竟考什么？怎么考？请看下面的研究结果吧。只有数据事实最具说服力。考什么？(I)纯空格形式的考点如下表：测试内容2007年2008年2009年2010年内容题号.答案题号•答案题号•答案题号.答案冠词35,a33.a31.the介词33.as31.Behind/In36.after/from37.on(sale)39.at(table)35^with代词物主代词39.for指示代词人称代词4O.her33.his31.it形式主语3&him38.it36、another不定代词37.Other/Some34.this/it连词从属连词32.who(宾从)35.that同位语35.where定从32.who定从\n36.where（定从）40.when状从并列连词37.but（II）用所给词的适当形式填空的考点如下:测试内容2007年2008年2009年2010年内容题号，答案题号，答案题号，答案题号，答案动词非谓语不定式32.tohelp32.toplease-ed分词34.settled-ing结构37.saying谓语动词的时态,语态，语气31.broke4O.results34.pushed40.wasinformed33.presented形容词或副词的比较级38.higher39.sweeter词性转换（形、副、名、动词）3&nicrrily39.natural36.choice34.warmly怎么考?根据上表，我们知道，语法填空的考点或考查内容是：1.纯空格题（6空:通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等四类词。倒装句屮的助动词和强调谓语动词的助动词（do,docs,did）,以及情态动词、强调结构中的it,that等都可能在纯空格题中进行考查。less,more,most等词是可能在纯空格类题中考查的，I大1为这涉及到到语法——比较等级。2•用括号中所给词填空（4空）：通常考谓语动词的时态、语态、语气，非谓语动，形容词或副词的比较词，词性转换等。名词的数和所有格也可能在用括号中所给词填空中进行考杏，同学们千万不可忽视。答案特点：%1纯空格题：试题要求中己明文规定死了“在空格处填入一个适当的词”，即一个小题或者一个空格只能填一个单词。两年髙考题的答案印证了这一点。%1用括号中所给词填空：试题中要求“使用插号中词语的正确形式填空"，这个词的正确形式究竞由儿个单词组成？两年高考题的答案填一个或两个单词。%1所填词（答案）都是一些拼写简单的单词。2007年高考所填词均长4.1个字母，其屮，纯空格的答案只有2.4个字母；2008年所填词均长4.45个字母，其中纯空格的答案只有3.8个字母。%13年都有所填词位于句首，此时第一个字母要注意大写。特别提醒：尽管4年高考中“使用括号中词语的止确形式填空”的答案只填一个或两个单词，但是我们在平时的训练中应当不局限于此，要训练填一个、两个或多个单词的情况。非谓语动词中，带to的不定式、现在分词的完成式都可能填两个单词；谓语动词的将来时、进行时和完成时等也都可能填两个小词，而\n现在完成进行时等就可能填三个单词，被动语态至少都要填两个单词。一、设题特点・从语法填空题空格的设置來看，至少应当包括以下4个特点(-)考虑语境。(二)考查语法。(三)语法考点分散。(四)适当提示。仮I」1Severalchangeshavebroughtwildanimalstothe.Foremost,airandwaterqualityinmanycitieshaveimprovedasaresultofthe1970'spollutioncontrolefforts...例2InGreece,womenhadlittlefreedom.Wealthywomenhardlylefttheirhouses,butthey(allow)toattendweddingsandsomefestivals.仮ij3ThewhyIwassadwasthathedidn*tunderstandme.例4Itwouldbe(believe)thatsuchanhonestfellowshouldhavebetrayedhisfriends!彳列5Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,(reach)arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.二、题目类型・考实词有提示，考虚词无提示。出题一般涉及到以下几个方面：1）动词与介词或副词搭配构成的固定动词短语；2）冠词的用法；3）连词的用法，包括从属连词和并列连词；4）派生词的用法；5）名词的词形变化；6）动词的适当形式；7）情态动词的用法；8）定语从句、名词性从句的引导词等；9）代词的适当形式；10）形容词或副词的用法，如比较级、最高级变化或形容词变副词;三、解答语法填空题的七条思路1.根据逻辑关系进行填充；2.根据语法知识进行填充；3.根据生活常识进行填充。4.根据语篇标志进行填充・如表示结构层次的有first,second,third,finally等；表示逻辑关系的有thus,therefore,so等；表示转折关系或变换话题的有however,but,bytheway等。5.根据固定词组进行填充-常见的词组如asamatterof,beproudof,bytheway,comefrom,congratulate...on...,devote...to...,earnone'sliving,keepone'sword,makeupone'smind等。6.根据句型搭配进行填,就是根据一些常用的句型搭配，如so/such...that...,itis...（forsb.）todosth.,Thereisnodoubtthat...,thereisnosenseindoingsth.等来解题。7.根据词汇知识进行填充-即特殊搭配，如只能接动词的・ing形式作宾语的动词，只能接todo作宾语的动词，接todo作补语的动词，接do作补语的动词，接doing或done作补语的动词，对句式搭配要求较为特别的词语等。【彳列】Icrossedthestreettoavoid1.(meet)him,buthesawmeandcamerunningtowardsme.Itwasnouse2.(pretend)thatIhadnotseenhim,soIwavedtohim.Ineverenjoy3.(meet)NigelDykes.Heneverhasanything4.(do).Nomatterhowbusyyouare,healwaysinsistson5.(come)withyou.四、备考策略・1・不断记忆，积累词汇。2.夯实基础，学好语法。\n3.大声朗读，培养语感。4.坚持不懈，多做练习。%1.解题技巧・［解题技巧一］*下列情况很可能填不定冠词：（1）+可数名词（单数）；⑵+形容词+可数名词（单数）。*下列情况下很可能填定冠词：（1）（+定语）+名词+Of等介词短语（表示特指）；⑵（+定语）+名词+定语从句（表示特指）；（3）（+定语）+名词+不定式短语或分词短语（表示特指）。［例1］Itwasmid-afternoonandIhadbeenlisteningtotheradioandreadingbook.（09执信屮学、屮山纪念屮学、深圳外国语学校三校联考）［解题技巧二］当“（+限定词）+名词"或‘+代词”在句中不充当主语或宾语时,该空格通常应填介词。此外，填介词时耍考虑与名词、动词、形容词等的搭配。［4列2］Beingveryshortofmoneyandwantingtodosomethinguseful,Iapplied,fearingasIdidso,thatadegreeandwithnoexperienceofteachingmychancesofgettingthejobwereslim.（09肇庆一模）［解题技巧三］句子的主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词或不定式充当，但纯空格所填词在句屮作主语或宾语时，通常填代词，包括人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词（不能作主语）等。在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词了。［例3-1］ArealtrialbeganwhenIstoodontheplatformwithmylegstremblingandmymindblank....GraduallyIfoundback,givingoutmyspeechwithdifficulty.（09深圳二模）［例3・2］Ithasbeensaidbefore,butexperiencingitmyselfhasmadewanttosayitagain:asmilecancrossalllanguagebarriers.（09江门二模）［解题技巧四］（1）连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列连词and,or,but等。（2）若两个句子/两个主谓结构之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，空格处必定是填连接词。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构的需要，确定是并列句（多要求考生填and,but,while,when,or等）还是某种主从复合句。然后根据从句的特点确定所填的连词。［例］Theyspentacoupleofdaysandnightsonthefarmofwouldbeconsideredapoorfamily.（09广州一模）［例］...twoworld-famousartists,PabloPicasso34CandidoPortinari,whichareworthmillionsofdollars.［例］...allIsawwasthisbeautifulgirl,whosesmilejustmeltedme36almostinstantlygavemeacompletelynewsenseofwhatlifeisallabout.（2008年深圳一模）［例］Iwantedtoseeasmuchofthecityaspossibleinthetwodays32IwastoreturntoGuangzhou.（2008年广州一模）［例］Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,37hefeltveryhappy...［例］Thismadethegoatsojealous34itbeganplottingagainst（谋划对付）thedonkey.\n（2007年惠州二模）\n［例］Cynthia'sstoryshowsvividlythatpeopleremembermorehowmuchamanagercares—40—howmuchhepays.(2007深圳宝安期末)［解题技巧五］首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。1：若句屮没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与Z是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。|例］Hisfearoffailure36(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.(2008年深圳一模)［例］ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation.40(close)mybookandwalkedaway.(2008年广州一模)［例］InLogan,threepeople38(take)toahospital,whileothersweretreatedatalocalclinic.(2007梅州二模)2：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用一ing形式、一ed形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：(1)作主语或宾语，通常用一ing形式表示习惯或一•般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。女口：|例］butitisnotenoughonly35(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook-(2007年佛山一模)［例］(speak)outyourinnerfeelingwon'tmakeyoufeelashamed,onthecontrary…［例］(complete)theprojectasplanned,we'llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.［仮ij］Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely33(succeed).(2008年佛山—"模)［例］Hesawthestone,37(say)tohimself:“Thenightwillbeverydark.^^(2008东莞一模)［例］Theheadmasterwentintothelab,(follow)bytheforeignguests-|例］Therewillbeameeting,__40__(start)laterthisyeartoreviewthefilm.(广州二模)［彳列］Lessons39(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.［例］Ontheirreturnthefatheraskedhissontoexplainwhathehadlearnt.Theboy,whohadremainedsilentanddeepinthoughtonthejourneyhome,(reply)inawaythatshockedhisfather.Theboysaidhewantedtobecomeafarmer.(09广州一模)［解题技巧六］(1)根据本句句意和空格前一句的内容及其两句间的逻辑关系，判断空格处是不是需要填代替前文某个内容的代词it；(2)根据句式结构判断是否填作形式主语/宾语的it；©itisadj./n.+todo/doing/that…(2)find/feel/think/considerit+adj./n.+todo/doing/that...［例］Janewaswalkingroundthedepartmentstore.SherememberedhowdifficultwastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.(09广东高考)［例］...as32tookthemjustthreeminutestostealpaintingsbytwoworld-famousartists...［例］Datingsitesalsomake36easytoavoidsomeonewhomyouarenotinterestedin.［解题技巧七］有表示范围的in/of介词短语，一般要用最高级;than的前面一定要用比较级,但在特定语境中,t6than+比较对象，和在最后级中表示比较范围的of/in短语常常被省略，此时我们要注意辨别这种隐性的比较级和最高级。［例7］Oneday,hecameupwithanideathathewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.Hedidsothenextday.Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdidutgrow,9(high).(08广东高考)［解题技巧八］根据该词在句中所作句子成分来确定用哪种形式。具体方法有:\n(1)作表语、定语或补语,通常用形容词形式；如：［例］Theyoungsterimmediatelyfell(silence)astearsflewdownfromhisbigblueeyes.［例］Ina(danger)partoftheseaoffthecoastofNewZealand,theylearntto...［例］Teachersmusttrytheirbesttomakemostoftheirstudents(interest)inthesubject(2)作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式；如：［.例WhenChina'ancientscientificandtechnological(achieve)arementioned,thenationwillgenerallyrefertotheFourGreatInventions.［例］Thesepeoplehavemadegreat39(contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.(2007年二模)［例］...instructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwith32(inform)inthereading...(3)在冠词、形容词性物主代词厉，或者“冠词+形容词”后,用名词形式；如：［例］•••theremainsdatefromthisperiodbecauseoftheir_38_(similar)tothosefoundelsewhere.(2008年广州二模)［例］Withthelargenumbersofstudents,the(operate)ofthesystemdoesinvolveacertainamountofactivity.(4)修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，作状语,用副词形式；女口：［例］AsIlooked32(close)atthisgirl,Ifountthat...(2008年深圳一模)I例］Theremustbesomething40(serious)wrongwithoursociety.(2008潮州期末)|例］Singlesareflocking(涌向)totheInternet33(main)becausetheirbusylifestylesleavethemlittletime...(2008年惠州三模)(5)括号屮所给词有可能是要求词义转换，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un—,im—等，在词根后加—less等。如：H列］Peoplecertainlyhaveavarietyofreasonsforgoingbacktoschoolbutoneimportantthingtoknowis,noknowledgeis(use).U列］Yourmistakecausedalotof(necessary)workintheoffice.(6)括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等级。如：therewasalotofinformationaboutthecity'swell-knowntourist34(attract)...H列］Theotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecould••・Hejumpedeven36(hard)andfinallymadehimselfout.(2008年期末)［例］Stormswhichproducedatleast13tornadoessweptalongNewMexicc/sborderwithTexasonFriday,destroyinghomesandotherbuildingsandinjuringatleast16people,severalcritically,authoritiessaid.The33—(bad)damagewasreportedinthetownsofLoganandClovis,whichareabout80milesapart,policesaid.(2007梅州二模)［解题技巧九］(1)若结构较完整，空格斤的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do,does,did等)。\n(2)关于强调结构itis/was...that...,若短文中有itis/was就AT能填that,或者有is/was和that,就可能填it,确泄的方法是:去掉itis/was或is/was...that后，句子(或稍加调整后)依然成立,就是倒装句,可以确定是填it或thato［例］Mynewneighbor,whosenameIdidiTtevenknow,hadgotupwhoknowshowearlytoputsnowchainsonmytruck.Mythroatsuddenlyfelttight.Iwasn'tusedtobeingtakencareoflikethatanditwasatthismomenthisunspokenconcerncaughtmebysurprise.(09广州二模)H列］Hehadnotimeorenergytoplaywithhischildrenortalkwithhiswife,buthebringhomearegularsalary.［例］…and40wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldn'teatMSG(味精)!(2007年广州一模)［例］withhardworkcanyouexpecttogetpayrise.【课后巩固】Willmatterifyoudonfttakeyourbreakfast?Recentlyatest(give)intheUnitedSates.Thosetestsincludedpeopleofdifferentfrom12to83.Duringtheexperiment,thesepeopleweregivenallkindsofbreakfasts,andsometimestheygotbreakfastatall.Specialtestsweresetuptoseewelltheirbodiesworkedandwhentheyhadeatencertainkindofbreakfast.Theresultsshowthatifapersoneatsaproperbreakfast,heorshewillworkwithbettereffectifheorshehasnobreakfast・Thisfactappearstobe(especial)trueifapersonworkshisbrains.Forexample,ifastudenteatsfruit,eggs,breadandmilkbeforegoingtoschool,hewilllearnmorequicklyandlistenwith(much)attentioninclass.词数:166完成时间：8分钟难度：***Accordingtoarecentsurvey,violencedidexistinschools・Studentsshowedtheirfearandparentsandteachersalsoexpressedtheirgreatconcernaboutit.Expertshopethewholesocietypaymoreattentiontothementalhealthofadolescents.Nowadays,schoolviolenceis31hotissue・Ithinkthisisaphenomenon,32callsforourgreatconcern.Weshouldtryeveryeffort33(prevent)violencehappeningatschoolformoreandmorestudentswoulddropoutofschool34theirpersonalsafetycouldnot35(guarantee)・Infact,violencecan36(learn).Childrenlearnviolentbehaviorfromadultsorfrom37theyseeontelevisionorontheInternet.IfImeetwithschoolviolence,Iwillnotanswerviolence38violence,foritwillresultin39(much)fighting・Iwilltellmyteachersorparentsaboutit.Ithinktheywillhelpmedealwithitwellandtheywillprotectmefromthebadguys・Allinall,everystudentshouldbehave40(he)andkeepawayfromviolence.