高考应试策略 74页

高考应试要览主讲人:北京师范大学亚太实验学校刘建国\n试卷知识题的命题原那么：一般遵循三个原那么：〔1〕保证覆盖面广，即考查英语语音、语法、词汇方面的根底知识；范围不超出我国中学通用的英语课本，题量尽可能大，覆盖而尽可能宽；〔2〕尽可能增加综合化的因素，为了保证题量和覆盖面，语言知识题一般以单项形式为主，但也采用一些综合题，如完形填空题。〔3〕尽可能增加语境化的因素，高考英语试卷的语言知识题一般都参加一些语境化的因素。例如，完形填空题和短文改错题本身就有上下文的语篇。\n听力试题如何提高听力能力和做好听力测试一、把握特点，捕捉信息1、事实与细节W：Wouldyoulikesomehotcoffeeortea?M:Ilikethemboth,butI’dratherhavesomethingcold.Q:Whatdoesthemanwanttodrink?A:Somethingcold.B:Coffee.C:Tea.\n2、数字M：DidJoan’smothertakehertothehospitalonceaweek?W：Yes.SheandJoanmadethe90-mileroundtriponceaweek.Q：Howfarwastheirhomefromthehospital?A：Ninetymiles.B：Forty-fivemiles.C：Onehundredandeightymiles.\n3、地点M:Hello,Tom.ThisisJackattheoffice.IsMikeathome?W:No,Jack.He’sinclassnow.He’llbehomeforlunchthough.Q:WhereisJacknow?A:Heisattheoffice.B:Heisinclass.C:Heisathome.\n4、职业、人物身份和关系W:Jacksentyouapresentyesterday.M:IgottoonefromJohn,notfromJack.Q:Whodidthemangetapresentfrom?A:FromMike.B:FromJack.C:FromJohn.\n二、掌握技巧，事半功倍1、放松心情，确定测试要点舍得，有舍才有得。迅速扫读听力测试题目和备选工程，做到事先有思想准备，再有的放矢地听。2、做好笔记，把握细节。用自己熟悉的符号来缩写\n3、注意特殊句型，把握关键词。〔1〕副词too的一词多义现象。①Catherinewastooyoungtojoinintheseajourney..②Youaretookindtohelpme.③Onecan’tbetoocarefulinlearningaforeignlanguage.\n(2)连词since一词多义现象。①Itistwoyearssincehejoinedthearmy.②--Howdidyouliketheparty?--Wonderful.It’stooyearssinceIenjoyed.(3)YourwritingwasconsideredasgoodasDiana’s.①BothyourwritingandDiana’swerenotbad.②YourwritingwasalmostthesameasDiana’s.\n(4)Billdidn’tattendMary’sbirthdaypartybecauseJackwaspresent.①JackwaspresentatMary’spartysoBilldidn’tattend.②BillattendedMary’sbirthdaynotbecauseJackwaspresent.\n另外，要注意一些表示否认意义的关键词、词组，如：no,not,never,seldom,hardly,doubt,neither,too…to,little,few,unhappy等。另外，考生应了解虚拟语气表示与事实相反的含义，掌握虚拟语气的各种句型及在具体语境下的使用对理解听力材料很有帮助。\n4、听清主题句，把握中心思想。主题句往往是一篇听力材料的中心思想。根据主题句，可以推断“话中话〞或“弦外之音〞。\n单项选择\n从统计的情况来看,高考单项选择题的特点:涉及面越来越广,考点越来越细,涉及几乎所有知识点;但整体上单项选择题难度不大,一般以根底题为主,考试的重点是:动词(动词时态、语态、非谓语动词、情态动词〕、从句〔状语从句、定语从句和名词性从句〕等；所有考点是以辩析形式考查的。\n一、交际用语：主要考查日常生活用语，涉及面比较广，但难度小。---I’minterestedinthatbeautifulMP4player.Howmuchdoyouchargeforit?---$150.Andit’softhevalue.---Well,______,butIcan’taffordit.Thankyouanyway.pleaselowerthepriceB.it’sreallyniceit’sworththatD.that’stoodear\n二、名词：主要考查名词的辩析、单复数及主谓一致问题。Billwasdoingalotofphysicalexercisetobuilduphis_______.abilityB.forceC.strengthD.mind\n三、动词：主要有两种形式:一是动词的辩析；二是动词短语的辩析。1、---Howabouteighto’clockoutsidethecinema?---That_____mefine.A.fitsB.meetsC.satisfiesD.suits2、Withoutmyglasses,Icouldn’t_____whetherthatfigureontheblackboardwasathreeoraneight.A.makeoutB.makeupC.makeforD.makeoff\n四、动词时态：?考试大纲?：八种时态。---Whatwouldyoudoifit____tomorrow?---Wehavetocarryiton,sincewe’vegoteverythingready.A.rainB.rainsC.willrainD.israining\n五、动词被动语态：主要包括：一般现在时的、一般过去时的、一般将来时的、现在进行时的、现在完成时的和带情态动词的被动语态。We’vebeentoldthegoodnews,butwhenandwheretogofortheexcitingon-salaryvocation_____yet.A.arenotdiscussedB.havenotbeendiscussedC.isnotbeingdiscussedD.hasnotbeendiscussed\n六、动词不定式：在句子中可做许多成分。Aren’tthefanscrazytohavewaitedoutsideintherainformorethanthreehoursjust____alookattheirfavoritesingers?A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have\n七、过去分词：Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You’vehadit____oftenenough.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained\n八、现在分词：AnewlawwillgointoeffectonAugust1st.Accordingtothislaw,peoplefound______“harmful〞advertisementsinthestreetswillbepunishedstrictly.puttingupB.toputupC.beingputtingupD.havingputup\n九、动名词：常见的动词有：allow,admit,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,mind,miss,practice,succeed,suggest;动词短语有：devote…to,feellike,prevent/stop/keep…from,putoff,setabout,spend…on,thinkof,其它短语：What/howabout\nIhopeyoudon’tmind_____youallthis.A.totellB.tohavetoldC.tobetellingD.mytelling\n十、情态动词：主要考查：辩析、时态、和动词完成式搭配的特殊用法及涵义。Tom,you____leaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis!A.wouldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot\n十一、形容词：主要考查：形容词作定语时形容词之间的排序、形容词的原级的比较、比较级的比较和最高级的比较以及形容词的辩析等。Toallthefamousartists’surprise,theunknownwoman’stwo____paintingsarealsoonshowintheartexhibition.littleblueoilB.bluelittleoilC.oilbluelittleD.littleoilblue\nIfitisquite_____toyou,IwillvisityounextTuesday.A.convenientB.fairC.easyD.confortable\n十二、副词：主要考查有：副词的辩析和副词短语的辩析。Itisagoodwayforustomemorizenewwordsbyseeingthem_____.properlyB.repeatedlyC.clearlyD.usually\n十三、介词：主要考查：固定搭配和具体句子中的辩析。1、Noonehelpedme.Ididitall____myself.A.forB.byC.fromD.to2、Wehadn’tplannedtomeet.Wemet___chance.A.ofB.inC.forD.by\n十四、冠词：主要考查它们的常见用法。---Howmanypeoplearestillleading_____lifeunder_____povertylineintheworld?---Perhapsonefourth,accordingtothereport.A.the;不填B.a;theC.a;aD.不填；the\n十五、代词：Thisskirtistoosmallforme.Wouldyoushowme_____one?theotherB.anotherC.otherD.oneanother\n十六、并列连词：四种并列连词：递进式：and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor,etc转折式：but,however选择式：or,either…or,otherwise因果式：so,and\n---Idon’tlikechicken____fish.---Idon’tlikechicken,____,Ilikefishverymuch.and,andB.and,butC.or,andD.or,but\n十七、主谓一致1、IntheWaiWenBookshop____tobefoundbooksinvariouslanguages.isB.areC.beingD.was2、Thesingeranddancer_____speakingatthemeeting.A.IsB.wereC.areD.be\n十八、状语从句：主要考查对句意的理解。I’dliketoarrive20minutesearly____Icanhavetimeforacupoftea.A.assoonasB.asaresultC.IncaseD.sothat\n十九、定语从句：关键是分析关系代词和关系副词在从句中的成分。内容有：一是关系代词之间的区别；二是关系副词和在句子中的成分；三是关系副词与关系代词之间的关系。Ihavemanyfriends,___somearebusinessmen.A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom\n二十、名词性从句：包括：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。1、LittleTommywasreluctanttotelltheschoolmaster_____hehaddonethedaybefore.thatB.howC.whereD.what2、---IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.---Isthat_____youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where\n二十一、倒装句：主要考查局部倒装和全部倒装。局部倒装根本结构：状语+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语；全部倒装根本结构：状语+谓语〔不及物动词〕+主语〔名词〕；或状语+主语〔代词名词〕+谓语〔不及物动词〕。\n1、Afterthewhistlerang,thecoachappearedinthefield.Behindhim_____theteamwearingblackandwhitesuits.A.hadB.walkedC.wasfollowedD.led2、Notonly_____givepeoplerelaxationandpleasure,but_____increasetheirknowledgeofanykind.Cantravel;itcanB.travelcan;canitC.Cantravel;canitD.travelcan;itcan\n二十二、强调句：根本构成：Itbe+被强调的局部+that/who(仅用于人)+被强调的局部以外的其他局部。(1)Itwas4p.mwhenMr.Johnsoncamebackhomefromthepressconference.(2)Itwasat4p.mthatMr.Johnsoncamebackhomefromthepressconference.\n二十三、it用法：主要是作形式主语和形式宾语。Youngman,ifyouhurryup,Ithink____quite_____thatyouwillcatchthenexttrain.A.that;probablyB.this;certainlyC.it;likelyD.you;nearly\n二十四、虚拟语气难度较大---Ifhe____,he_____thatfood.---Luckily,hewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned,wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned,wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned,hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned,hadnottaken\n二十五、惯用法主要是考查一些习惯性搭配并且和交际用语一起考查。---It’lltakeatleast2hourstodothis!---Oh,____!Icoulddoitin30minutes.A.comeonB.pardonmeC.youarerightD.don’tmentionit\n完形填空〔ClozeTest)\n本卷须知考生应该充分利用上下文，注重行文逻辑，强调文段整体性阅读。完形填空题主要考查考生对语篇的整体理解具体考查单词、短语在具体语境中的运用。\n完形填空例题Anelderlybuilderwasreadytoretire.Hetoldhisemployerofhisplanstoleavethehousebuilding_(1)____andliveamorecomfortablelifewithhiswife.Hewouldmissthepay-check,butheneededto_(2)___.Theycouldmanage.Theemployerwas__(3)___toseehisgoodworkergoandaskedifhecouldbuild__(4)___onemorehouseasapersonal__(5)___.Thebuildersaidyes,butatthattimeitwaseasytoseethathis_(6)____wasnotinhiswork.Hebuiltitcarelesslyandusedpoormaterials.Itwasa(n)_(7)____waytoendhiscareer(workinglife).Whenthebuilder_(8)____hiswork,theemployercameand_(9)____thefront-doorkeytothebuilder.“Thisisyourhouse,〞hesaid,“my_(10)____toyou.〞Whatashock!Whata_(11)____!Ifhehadonlyknownhewasbuildinghisownhouse,hewouldhavedoneitall_(12)___.Nowhehadtoliveinthehomehehadbuiltnonetoo_(13)___.Soitiswithus.Sometimeswebuildourlivescarelessly,willingtoputuplessthanthebest.Atimportantpointswedonotgivethejobourbest_(14)___.Thenwithashockwelookatthesituationwehave_(15)___andfindthatwearenowlivinginthehousewehavebuilt.Ifwehadrealized,wewouldhavedoneitdifferently.Thinkofyourselfasthe_(16)___.Thinkaboutyourhouse.Eachdayyou_(17)___anail,placeaboard,orsetupawall.Buildwisely.Itistheonlylifeyouwilleverbuild.Evenifyouliveitforonlyonedaymore,thatdayisworthytobelivedwell.Lifeisado-it-yourself_(18)___.Whocouldsayitmoreclearly?Yourlifetodayisthe_(19)___ofyourattitudesandchoicesinthe_(20)___.\n(1)A.matterB.tradeC.businessD.industry(2)A.workB.retireC.liveD.stay(3)A.happyB.anxiousC.angryD.sorry(4)A.justB.yetC.evenD.still(5)A.questionB.favorC.jobD.idea(6)A.brainB.handC.heartD.aim(7)A.unfortunateB.quickC.uneasyD.direct(8)A.startedB.continuedC.quittedD.finished(9)A.droppedB.handedC.threwD.sent(10)A.wishB.prizeC.giftD.benefit(11)A.surpriseB.joyC.shameD.disappointment(12)A.differentlyB.eagerlyC.hardlyD.willingly(13)A.badlyB.wellCfortablyD.awfully(14)A.effectB.effortC.strengthD.power(15)A.createdB.metC.seenD.got(16)A.employerB.dreamerC.builderD.creator(17)A.hammerB.pullC.pressD.force(18)A.wayB.interestC.practiceD.project(19)A.resultB.endC.answerD.reply(20)A.futureB.presentC.pastD.moment\n一、题型分析完形填空作为一种综合性的测试题型，它覆盖了词汇、语法、阅读理解、书面表达等考试目标的全部内容。二、答题要领1、快速通读全文，掌握短文主旨大意。2、抓住结构、语义及逻辑三条线索，推断和预测选项。\n3、特别注意词组、习语和句型的积累、同义词的辩析以及生活常识的运用。4、选择填完后，通读短文，仔细检查连词、副词的使用。5、解答试题的时候，可利用直接法、排除法和比较等选择正确答案。\n阅读理解\n阅读理解的特点1、阅读理解主要是获取信息，是理解的前提和手段，理解是分析、加工和处理信息，是阅读的目的和结果。2、全面考查考生的记忆、识别、换算、判断推理、逻辑思维、分析归纳、概括总结、猜测词义等能力。3、问题设置主要是事实细节、主旨大意〔标题大意〕、综合判断、猜测词义等。\n做阅读理解题步骤：1、理解主旨要义2、理解文中具体信息3、根据上下文推测生词的词义4、作出简单判断和推理5、理解文章的根本结构6、理解作者的意图和态度\n特别注意：做阅读理解时，可以先看题目测试内容，然后再看文段，带着问题去阅读。也可以先看完文段，然后再做题；还可以将两者结合起来，边看边做，边做边看。自己去选择何种方法。\n阅读理解例题Someexpertsfeelthatcarsarecertaintofallintodisuse.Theyseeadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenallcarswillbedesertedandmadeuseless.Otherexperts,however,thinkthecarisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecarwillremainaleadingmeansofcitytravelintheforeseeablefuture.Thecarwillundoubtedchangegreatlyoverthenext30years.Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmorepractical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasengine.Thecarofthefutureshouldbefarmorepollution-freethanpresenttypes.Uselesschangestakeplaceinthepowersystem,thecarinthefuturewillbethemainproblemincitytrafficjams.Onesuggestedsolutiontothisessentialproblemistheautomatedsystem,whichseemstoholdwater.Whenthecarentersthehighwaysystem,asmallarmwilldropfromthecarandconnectwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsubwaytrainselectrically.Oncejoinedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthecarwillpasstoacentralcomputer.Thecomputerwillthenmonitorallofthecar’smovements.Thedriverwillusethetelephonetodialinstructionsabouthispositionandtheplaceheheadsforintothesystem.Thecomputerwillfindthebestwayandreservespaceforthecarallthewaytothecorrectexitfromthehighway.Thedriverwillbefreetorelaxandwaitforthecallthatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.Itisbelievedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletodealwith10,000carsperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000carsthatcanbecarriedbyapresent-dayhighway.\n1、Whatisthemainconcernoftheauthorofthepassage?A.Howtomakecarspollution-free.B.Howtomakecarssmallerandsafer.C.Howtosolvetheproblemoftrafficjam.D.Howtodevelopanautomatedsubwaysystem.2、Wecaninferfromthispassagethat_____.thecarconnectedtotherailonthehighwaywillbepoweredbyelectricitythelackofoilisforcingpeopletofindnewmeanstopowerautomobilesthedriverunderthesystemwillbetoldwheretogetoutofthehighwaythefuturecarwillbecomelarger,faster,prettierandlessexpensive3、Whatprovidescarswithelectricpowerinanautomatedhighwaysystem?A.Anengine.B.Arail.C.Acomputercontroller.D.Asmallarm4、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?Thedriverputshisinformationinthesystembye-mail.Thenewsystemcandealwith10timesasmanycarsasthepresentone.Afterenteringtheautomatedsystem,thedriverneedstodonothingbutrelaxhimself.Someexpertsarenotconfidentofthefuture,whiletheauthorisinfavorofoppositeview.\n短文改错\n本卷须知短文改错侧重考查根底语法知识；需要从整体把握文章脉络，特别要注意句与句的关系；做短文改错时要充分利用上下文，注意作者的行文思路。\n主要涉及一、必考题：1、句子成分残缺；2、词语多余；3、句子正确。\n二、相关性错误：1、名词错误单数名词改为复数名词是短文改错的常见考点之一！2、形容词错误形容词---形容词；形容词---副词3、副词错误副词---副词；副词---形容词4、介词错误固定搭配或特殊用法错误5、连词错误三类：一是并列连词之间的误用；二是附属连词之间的误用；三是附属连词和并列连词之间的误用。\n6、冠词错误主要有：不定冠词a和不定冠词an之间的误用;定冠词the和不定冠词a/an的误用；冠词多余或句子成份残缺。\n7、动词时态错误一是动词原形---动词过去式二是动词过去式---动词原形8、分词错误一是现在分词---过去分词二是过去分词---现在分词\n9、代词错误需要搞清楚代词的种类和在句子中的主要成分。10、动词词形错误一是动词原形---动名词或现在分词或过去分词或添加to;二是动名词或现在分词或过去分词---动词原形，或去掉to。\n11、主谓一致错误一是名词单复数作主语时的主谓一致；二是动名词、动词不定式、从句作主语时的主谓一致。\n短文改错例文Ioftendreamofateacher.Idreamofstandingonthe1.________platformintheclassroomandgivelessonstolovelyboys2.________andgirls.Iteachthem,playwiththem,butwatchthem3.________Growingup.IamalwaysyoungwhenIwasstaying4.________Withthem.Iknowthereisnoteasytobeateacher.You5._________Havetolearninordertoteach.Withoutenoughknowledges6._________Youcanneverlearnwell.Whatismore,youhaveto7._________Befriendswithyourpupilsandtakegoodcareofhim.8._________Onlyinhiswaycanyoubeagoodteacherandwin9._________Respectfromthem.ThoughIamastudentnow.IwillWorkasveryhardtomakemydreamcometrue.10._______\n书面表达\n?考试大纲?规定写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。考生应能：准确使用语法和词汇，使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。\n书面表达提示有三种情形：一、文字型提示二、图表型提示三、图画型提示\n2005年全国高考书面表达一览地区写作内容载体文体全国一卷有关北京动物园是否应该迁出市区的讨论图表型说明文全国二卷询问去伦敦旅游行程安排图表型应用文（书信）北京卷向外国学生说明暑期来华后的生活安排图画型应用文（书信）上海卷通过一则事例证明“天生我材必有用”文字型议论文\n书面表达的共同特点：内容充实，要点全面语言丰富，文字优美行文连贯，思路清晰，过渡自然。\n掌握要点：一、要明确考试的要求，主要是文字型、图画型和图表型，对写什么，怎么写有一个清晰的思路。二、考生应该从谴词造句上多下工夫。三、考生应该在句子与句子之间，甚至段落与段落之间，恰当使用一些过渡性词语。四、考生应该把写完的作文阅读两遍，认真检查是否有语法错误。\n情景作文假设你是李明,你的英籍笔友彼德十年前到过北京.他方案2021年北京奥运会期再来北京.在他的印象中北京的公共交通设施有些落后,出行不便.因此,他来信询问现在的状况是否有改善.请根据表格中已有的信息给彼德写封回信说明北京目前道路交通已四通八达的情况.内容与项目1995年2006年2008年(预计)variousbuses8,200辆24,000辆32,000辆busroutes(线路)520条750条820条lengthofhighway8,000km19,000km20,000kmlengthofundergroundrailwaysandcity-rails54km114km300km\n注意：1、词数不少于60；2、不得逐条翻译；3、开头与结尾已为你写好。\n范文DearPeter,Gladtohavereadyourletter.Tomeetyourrequest,I’lltellyousomethingaboutthepresentpublictransportofBeijing.Asyousaidintheletter,publictransportofBeijingin1995wasn’treallygoodenough.Butthingshavegreatlychangedinthepasttenyears.Nowthereare24,000buses,runningon750busroutes,whichare3timesasmanyasthosein1995.Youcangettonearlyeverycornerofthecityeasilybybus,whichcostsnotmuch.Bytheyear2021，32,000buseswillhavecovered820routesthroughoutthecity.Asforhighways,nowthetotallengthofhighwaysinBeijingisover19,000km.Believeitornot,in1995thenumberwasonly8,000km.Inaddition,undergroundrailwaysandcityrailsareavailable,fastandsafe.Thepresentlength,114km,willriseto300kmbytheyear2021.Thenumberwasonly54kmin1995.ThuspublictransportinBeijinghastakenonanewlook.Itisveryconvenientforcommutersandtourists.Itisbelievedthatitwillbemuchbetterwhenthe29thOlympicGamestakesplaceinBeijingin2021.YourseverLiMing\nTHANKSALOT!