高考短语类型 21页

高考英语短语类型一、常见介词、副词与常用动词构成的短语动词1.V+about（介词：关于）：皆为及物短语动词ask/inquireabout:询问…的情况careabout:在乎;/介意;关注quarrelabout/over为…争论/争吵debateabout/on为/关于…辩论worryabout：担心know/learnabout:了解readabout:读知，阅后得知hearabout:听说(=hearof)bringabout带来,造成speakabout:谈到,谈论(=speakof)dosthabout...想办法/采取措施解决.walk/goabout:四处走动wanderabout:漫步/徘徊comeabout:发生2.V+across(介词或副词)comeacross...:iB(=comeupon)cutacross:抄近路穿过/横越；影响put/get(...)acrosstosb:解释/传达,3.V+after(介词)beafter:寻求，寻找，追求lookafter:照顾askafter:探问/询问argueabout/over为…争论//辩论discussabout讨论，议论concernabout:关心，挂念talkabout:谈论complainabout(抱怨/投诉)thinkabout:考虑setaboutdoingsth着手做某事)•moveabout:四处走，经常搬家hangabout:闲荡lookabout/around:环顾;(商店中)四处看runacross...:偶然发现/碰到使某人明白…go/run/chaseafter:追赶/逐takeafter:长得像;学某人的样name...alter...:以…名字命名…进展/进步Sheiscomingalongnicelyaftertheoperation,getalong/on相处；进展在…进展4.V+alongcomealong跟着一起来，bring/takealong把…带来/去getalong/onwithsb/sth与某人相处；5.V+against（介词）：argueagainst:（发表意见）反对/反驳fight/struggleagainst:与…做斗争goagainst:违背,反对;对…不利warnagainst:警告不要，提醒提防6V+apart（副词或形容词：分别/分开的）takeapart拆开;剖析tell...apart:分另〃区别setapart:区别,突出7.V+round（副词）beagainst:反对turnagainst:背叛；对…采取敌对态度prevent/guard/provideagainst预防tearapart:tit/拆开，使心碎fall/comeapart:瓦解/崩溃getround传开来；四处走动getsbround:说服某人getroundto（doing）sth:终于去做/找到时间做comeround:恢复/苏醒；改变意见bring..round/around（to...）:使某人恢复知觉；说服某人改变想法；把话题转到…\n8.V+aside（在一边，另外）\nput/leave/set...aside:留出/拨岀以备专用；撇开/搁置一边不考虑layaside:暂放一边throwaside:抛弃asidefrom=besides除…外（还有）9.V+as（介词：充当/作为）serveas:充当，用作actas:扮演，充当workas:充当,担任…工作functionas:充当（…功能）10・V+at（介词）shout/yellat:对…叫喊knockat:敲laughat:嘲笑flyat:扑向pointat:指向/着，对准comeat:袭击，达到goat:扑向,尽力干catchat:想抓住，渴望shoot/fireat:向…开火attemptat尝试/企图；努力glareat:怒视dropinatsp顺便走访某地wonderat:对…惊奇aimat旨在；瞄准；企图targetat把…瞄准…lookat:看stareat:盯着看;凝视glanceat瞥见，看一*下（浏览）callatsp:访问某地arriveat：到达；达成workat:从事，钻研estimateat:估计11.V+away（副词）putaway:放好/收好；储存备用;舍弃giveaway:赠送，分送；泄露turnaway:解雇；把…打发走sendaway:驱逐，解雇wearaway:磨掉,（时间）消逝smoothaway:克服，消除clearaway:清除，移走throwaway:扔掉，抛弃takeaway:拿走passaway:去世/逝世goaway:走开，离开dieaway（风/声音）渐息/渐弱;（树木）凋零/枯萎12.V+back（副词）keepback:阻挡；隐瞒;扣留holdback:忍住,抑制住bringback:拿回；使…回想起，使恢复takeback:带回；撤销/收回（说的话）giveback:归还;反射（光等）getback找冋/取冋;冋来callback:回电，召回处理answerback:回嘴payback:偿还，向…报复，回报13.V+by（介词或副词）：goby路过某地；时间过去passby经过某地；（时间）逝去standby旁观（=lookon）;准备行动；支持/忠于某人;坚持/遵守\n14.V+do、vn（介词或副词）turndown:调低（音量等）;拒绝某人putdown:放下，记下，镇压note/put/takedown:记下tear/pulldown拆毁breakdown:出毛病;破裂;崩溃；分解cutdown:削减，减少；杀死，砍倒keepdown压制；控制，缩减开支slowdown使慢下来，减缓knockdown击/撞倒;拆除;使降价letsbdown使某人失望takedown取下；记下；拆卸bumdown烧毁holddown压制；抑制（热情等）缩减bringdown使降落/下降，降价\ngodown:下降，减少；沉没godownwith生…病handdown:传递，遗传下来passdown:传下来diedown:渐熄calmdown平静/镇定下来downto安定下来专心于laydown:放下，铺设falldown落下；跌到；倒塌；失败；证明是不行的settledown定居;平静下来settlegetdown:从…下来;下车;写下;使沮丧15.V+for(介词)makefor:向…前进；有利于/促进setsailfor/setofffor向某地驶去/出发leavefor动身去某地getdownto开始认真做，着手做headfor驶向，走向lookfbr:寻找huntfor•搜索，寻找callfor:需要/要求；提倡；邀约/约请(callforsb)waitfor:等待carefor喜欢，关心applyfor请求/申请answerfor对…负责betoblamefor...应对…负责payfor偿还，赔偿standfor代表，意味着，主张，支持sendfor派人去请某人gofor:袭击；适用于；想要获得；喜爱askfoi•:要求/要；找某人(askforsb)runfor竞选\npraise/punish/scoldsbfor...因..赞扬/惩罚/责骂sballowfor:考虑到；顾及struggle/fightfor:为…而斗争accountfor是…的原因;解释;占据arrangefor:安MFfallfo匚迷恋/对…倾心；上某人的当hope/wish/longforsth:希望/渴望bedying/eager/thirtyfbr...渴望16.V+forward（副词）bringforward:提出；将…提前pushforward:推进/继续进行Lookforward:展望未来carryforward:推进;发扬17.V+from（介词）：learnftom:向…学习recoverfrom:康复/恢复hearfrom（〜sb）:收到某人信;有某人的消息resultfrom由…引起risefrom由…引起/带来benefitfrom得益于dateftom:女台于=datebacktotell/distinguish...from...把…和…区别开来18.V+in（介词或副词）succeedin（doing）sth在…成功believein信任，信仰;相信…存在putforward提出；促进；将钟拔前lookforwardto（doing）sth盼望，期待suffer遭受/忍受diefrom死于…differfrom=varyfrom与…不同originateftom:起源于failin在…失败；在…不足/疏忽\nresultin造成/引起getin进入；收获/收割；插入（话）burstin闯入;打断（不及物）睡觉，向内拐liein在于letin让…进入；放…出来takein接受/吸/纳；理解，领会；欺骗某人bringin引进;挣得（钱报酬等）;生产/收获breakin闯入;打断/插话（不及物）cutin插嘴，插入超车turnin交还/上交；检举/告发（〜oneself自首）;drawin:收网checkin登记，报到givein屈服/让步(giveintosb/sth)handin上交dropin顺便走访(dropinonsb/atsp)sendin呈报,递送,提callin召集/请来，回收sharein:分担competein:参加…(竞争)participatein:参加takepartin参加fillin:填写19.V+into(介词)getinto进入，卷入inquireinto:调杏cutinto侵犯，打断pullin车子进站;靠边停T(=pullover)bringin挣得/赚;引进;生产endin…:以…告终joinin:参加involve..・in:...使…卷入…lookinto窥视/观察；调查breakinto闯入;打断knock/runinto偶然碰到某人developinto:发展成hearof听说(=hearabout)burstinto闯入，突然…起来(Mears/laughters)diveinto潜入;钻研bump/knock/runinto撞上allinto:分成(类/组);开始turn/changeinto变成20.V+of(介词)thinkof考虑，想到/起，认为(thinkof...as...)dieof死于…dreamof/about梦见；梦想做talkof/speakof谈至U/提到tellof叙述、讲述consistof（由…组成=bemadeupof）approveof:赞成/批准becomeof:.・怎么样（WhatwillbecomeofTom?）21.V+off（副词或介词）setoff出发（=setout）,引爆；引起startoff出发（=startout）ringoff挂断电话takeoff脱衣;打折（take20%off）,请假（take2daysoff）；起飞，突然成功/盛行起来hangoff畏缩不前，迟疑showoff炫耀/卖弄;使显眼comeoff举行/进行;成功;结果（-well）gooff离开；爆炸，声咅响起payoff还清债务；得到回报，获得成功cooloff变凉/冷却；冷静dropoff让某人下车breakoff折断，中断cutoff切断，断绝，截断，中断calloff取消;制止住(〜thedog)turnofT（关掉，避开;使厌烦（〜sb）,giveoff发出（光、声咅等），散发出（气味）\nputoff推迟;使打消/不想;使厌seesboff为某人送行getoff下车keepoff避开/不接近(=stay/keepawayfrom)sendoff派遣，解雇，送行comeoff从…掉下来pulloff脱/扯下；努力实现/赢得falloft'(vt)从…掉下来;(vi)下降/降低22.V+on价词或副词)：geton上车callon拜访某人;号召/呼吁dependon依赖/靠;取决于;信任operateon给某人动手术workon从事/写书；影响insiston坚持(〜doingsth)agreeon就…达成一致comment/remarkon/about评论takeon呈现;雇用;承担;受欢迎/流行relyon依赖，依靠liveon以…为主食;靠…生活focuson集中于，以…为中心fixon:确定/选定(H期/地点等)holdon别挂电话/稍等；坚持walk/moveon继续前行goon发生/进行，继续lookon旁观；看待(〜sbas...)puton穿上，装出/假装；上演,pullon匆忙地穿/戴have...on穿着concentrateon专注于hangon不挂断catchon变得流行，理解增加tryon试穿turnon打开，展现出acton对…起作用，按…行动，作用于catchon钩/卡/绊在bbringon(=bringupon)I起/惹来；使加速生长counton依靠;期待，指望carryon继续开展，进行下去23.V+out(副词)giveoutvi用尽/精疲力竭;vt.分发，发表/布，发出(气味/热)runoutvi.用光/耗尽runoutof...vt.把…用光burstout迸发；突然..起来(〜laughing/crying)breakoutvi.爆发setout出发；着手(〜todosth)startout出发standout(突出;显眼)stickout突出/显眼；伸出,comeout出来;长出；公开；出版；结果goout出去，熄灭，过吋turnout结果是；生产workoutvi.锻炼，结果;vt..算出，解决，制订出，了解某人dieout灭绝,(习俗)逐渐消失look/watchout(for...)当心pullout撤离，离站(=pullaway)dropout中途退出；辍学helpsbout帮助摆脱困难figureout计算出;领会到actout表演出来;把…付错行动readout大声地读LL1来checkout付帐后离开makeout理解;辨认出;编造\nspeakout大胆/大声地说sendout放出,发送，派遣putout关熄/扑灭；生产，困扰某人\nleaveout省去，遗漏，不考虑findout弄明口/查明;揭发carryout实施，执行pickout挑选岀clearout:清除，扫出handover移交；让与lookover翻阅/浏览;检查runover:浏览,车压过handout:分发cutout切掉/裁剪出；中止bringout使显露；生产wearout:穿坏/用坏;使疲劳(=tiresbout)tearout撕下，扯下letout发出叫喊;泄漏；放宽/大;出租tryout试验pointout扌旨岀keepout把…挡在外面thinkout:想出kickout:解雇24.V+over(副词)thinkover•仔细考虑takeover接任；接管；接收getover做完;痊愈/康复;克服goover仔细检查;复习turnover打翻;翻页/阅；移交;反复考虑winover:战胜；争取/说服watchover:查看，监视comeover(vi)上前来，顺便来访25.V+through(介词或副词)lookthrough审核;浏览;看穿gothrough经历;仔细查看;被批准/通过cutthrough抄近路，凿•穿livethrough:度过;经历…而不死pullover(vi)靠岸，开到路边breakthrough突破;克服seethrough看穿，识破getthrough接通电话;通过；完成；使被理解/了解(getsththrough/acrosstosb)putthrough给某人接通电话;完成bringsbthrough使脱险，使渡过难关务员pullthrough恢复健康;使某人度过难关fallthrough:失败/未能实现carrythrough:完成/坚持到底26.V+to(介词)listento听belongto属于replyto回答respondto对…应答/冋应reactto:对…产生反应/作出冋应apologizeto向某人道歉agreeto同意某事addto增加，增添stickto坚持(sticktosth)turnto转向/致力于;求助于;查阅惨考cometo涉及/谈及;达至U;突然想起(Sthcometosb)合计，苏醒(~oneselfsthsthoccurtosb/Itoccurredtosbthat突然想起leadto通向;导致contributeto对…作贡献;促成/造成referto提到;涉及;/查阅(=tumto)objectto反对attendto专心丁;照顾taketo喜欢；沉溺于applyto适用于appealto吸引(〜sb);;呼吁/上诉；getto到达，抓住问题的要害amountto总计/共达(=addupto=cometo);等丁•/相当于pointto扌旨着\nseeto负责/注意；关照(seetoitthat...)drinkto:祝酒/为…干杯adust/adaptto:适应keepto:不离开個守;遵守(-theright)attach...to...把…附/粘在tattachimportanceto:重视attachoneselfto依恋/接近(beattachedto:附属于，爱惜/爱慕)attendto专心；照顾，护理subject...to...使…服从，使…遭到/经受…besubjectedto...受到，遭遇到，经受devote...to...奉献/致力于(bedevotedto...)commitoneselfto献身于，致力于26.V+up(副词)makeup组成/构成；虚构；补足/弥补(makeupfor...);整理/包装;和解(makeupwithsb);化妆setup建起/竖立，建立事业/成立组织；setoneselfupas自称为thinkup想出;捏造putup举起；张贴，建造；提供资金，为…提供食宿(putsbup)warmup:使变暖;热身运动doup亲起/系/扣/拉上；重新整修/收拾齐整；打扮(dooneselfup);包起来/包扎pickup捡起;收听;(无意)学到/买到/染上;接人/取货;增加/改善(pickupspeed/health);pickoneselfup再爬起来/振作精神takeup占据，拿起/开始从事，继续(takeupthestory/song)clearup整理;消除showup揭露；露面turnup出现/露面；开大声stepup加快;促进/增加/提高speedup:加速splitup分手/离comeup走近；上升/发芽；被提出clearup放晴standup站立；耐用/经得起；(论点、getup起床ring/callsbuplookup查寻/找;抬头看/尊敬；好转sendup发射；长出giveup放弃/停止bringup培养;提出；呕吐breakup打碎，结束，驱散drawup:草拟/拟定；汲取useup用光(vt)joinup连接起来lightup照亮，点亮fixup:整理，安排/提供tearup撕毁，取消合同roundup赶拢，围拢hangup挂断电话breakup分手;破碎汾裂goup上升/增长;被建起来论据等)站得住脚给某人打电话keepup保持/维持(体温/勇气等)cutup切碎,使受苦(cutsbup)wakeup叫醒eatup吃光holdup举起，阻碍/延迟openup:打开；开拓/开发\nmixup:弄混/拌和；混淆situp:熬夜/不睡觉digup:挖起/掘起buildup:增进/强；addup:加起来cheerup:使振奋26.V+with（介词）stayup:熬夜closeup:关闭,使靠近addupto…总计agreewith同意某人;与・・・一致；适应meetwith偶遇，遭受begin/startwith以…开始tobeginwith首先（插入语）gowith伴随;与…相配varywith:随着…而变化dowithout没有…也行，用不着，将就disagreewith:不同意某人;和…不一致end/finish/closewith以…结束stickwith/at坚持做/使用，忠于gowithout没有…也行;不吃/喝/用与某人吵/辩论/争论quarrel/debate/arguewithsbdowith处理（常与what连用）29.goahead前进，请吧，继续（goaheadwithsth）lookahead向前看，考虑将来dealwith应付/处理;与…交往/做生意;论及/涉及burstforth发/爆发，喷出fallbehind（vi/vt,落后）不要去管不干预catch/keepupwith赶上lookforwardto:盼望putupwith忍受breakawayfrom摆脱;除掉look/watchoutfor当心lookdonwupon/on轻视makeupfor弥补go/carryonwith继续stickupfor为…辩护，支持/维护comeupwith想出cutdownon肖U减addupto总计/合计leavebehind留下；遗忘/忘带leavealone让…独自呆着;听其自然,二、“动词+副词+介词”短语getcloseto靠近dowellin:在…干得出色workhardat:在…努力doawaywith/getridof（除掉）getalong/onwith与某人相处，在…进展getdownto（sth/doingsth）着手dropinonsb/atsp顺便拜访某人/某地giveinto向…屈服/让步goalongwith与…一起去;赞同/附和get/gothroughwith完成goinfor:对…感兴趣;参加/从事lookbackupon/on回顾lookupto尊敬仰望keepawayfrom远离，避免goaheadwith继续fitinwith与…相处融洽runoutof把…用光keepinwith:受…欢迎/与…相处好thinkhighlyof（高度评价）faceupto勇敢地面对comedownon归结为，涉及到actupto按…办事，实践liveup\nto做到/不辜负，与名副其实\nbreakinon/upon闯入comeinfor出发接受，继承standupfor支持datebackto追溯到putinfor申请signupfor:报名参加turnoutfor:岀席getawayfirom:逃离…comeinfor:得到，受到getthroughto:理解;打通…电话comeupto:达到；符合pulloutof:从…中退出keepoutof:置身于…之外；不接近comeupto达到/符合标准；比得上/等于fallinwith同意/与…达成默契；同…作伴fillupwith:用…装满endupin…:以…告终getdownto:着手；认真从事hold/hangonto:坚持/抓住…不放getaheadof:胜过，超过cutdownon诚少tearoneselfawayfrom...:忍痛离开/与…分开；挣开四、“动词+名词/（反身）代词+介词亠makeaplanfor:为制定计划take/developaninterestin:对…有/产生兴趣takeaphotoof：给…拍照keeprecordsof:记录/载havedifficulty/problemswith:在…有困难/问题giveadviceonsth:就…提出意见makefriendswith与…交朋友showrespectfbi•尊敬shakehandswithsb：与…握手saygoodbyeto向某人告别saythanksto向某人致谢say“yes/no”to同意/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