高考语法表格 4页

规则例词1一般情况在词尾加・smap-maps,girl-girls,day-days2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加・esclass-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dis3以・f或・fe结尾的词变・f和-fe为V再加・es树叶半数已变黄，妻子拿刀去割粮。架后窜出一头勿half-halves,wife-wives,knife-knives,shelf-shelvlife-1ifves,loaf-loaves・加・sbelief-beliefs,chief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roof4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加・esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-ci5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加・stoy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry・Her6以辅音字母加・0结尾的名词黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿hero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,volcano-volcanoes,echo-echoes,mosquito-mosquitoes规则名词复数不规则名词复数规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese2单复数相同sheep,deer,means,fish,fruit,crossroad,li,yi3只有复数形式ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glchopsticks4一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police,cattle,staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audience,class,family,crowd,couple,gpopulation,crew,team,public,enemy,party6复数形式表示特别含义customs（海关）,forces（军队），times（时代），spiritspapers（文件报纸），manners（礼貌）,looks（外表），ruins（应墟）加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swec7表示“某单复数同形Swiss,Chinese,Japanese国人”以-man或-woman结尾的为-men.-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen（中日瑞不变英法变，8合成名将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers\n词无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches,touch-m将两部分变为复数womensingers,mendoctors不定冠词的用法规则例词1指一类人或事，相当于akindofAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指Aboyiswaitingforyou.3表示"每一”相当于every,oneWestudyeighthoursaday.4表示"相同"相当于thesameWearenearlyofanage・5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事AMr.Smithcametovisityouwhenyouwere6用于固定词组中Acoupleof,onceuponatime,inahurry,hav7用于quite,rather,many,half,what,such之后Manyateacherhasgreatinfluenceontheirsi8用于so(as,too,how)+形容词之后Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomee定冠词的用法规则例词1表示某一类人或物Thehorseisausefulanimal.2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前theuniverse,themoon,thePacificOcean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?4用于西方乐器前面playtheviolin,playtheguitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人theliving,thewounded,thepoor,therich(6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”theGreens,theWangs,theYes7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前Heisthetallerofthetwochildren・8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofCh9用于表示发明物的单数名词前ThecompasswasinventedinChina・10在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代或大概年纪inthe19905s,inone'searlythirties11用于表示单位的名词前Ihiredthecarbythehour.\n零冠词的用法规则例词1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前BeijingUniversity,Jack,China,love,air2名词冃有this,my,whose,some,no,each,every等限制1wantthisbook,notthatone・/Whosepurse3季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March,Sunday,NationalDay,spring4表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前ObamawasmadePresidentofAmerica・5学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前Helikesplayingfootball/chess・6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前bytrain,bythetrain,bysea,bythesea7表示泛指的复数名词前Horsesareusefulanimals.代词的分类1人称代词主格1,you,he,she,it,we,you,they宾格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them2物主代词形容词性my,your,his,her,its,our,their名词性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs3反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves4指示代词this,that,these,those,such,some5疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever6关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as12用于身体部位名词前Hepattedmeontheshoulder.\n7不定代词one/some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/alittle,other/another,all/both,neither/either形容词作定语的排序冠词前的形容词臧词基数词性质状态新旧温度国籍产地名词allbothsuchheisothrurth讪anoeyoecondnextsnonefourroodoorbegplargeshortsquarenewcoolcoblakyellweJolseondnCLCilktonesst