高考阅读训练 15页

Fromtheverybeginningofschoolwemakebooksandreadingaconstantsourceofpossiblefailureandpublichumiliation.Whenchildrenarelittlewemakethemreadaloud,beforetheteacherandotherchildren,sothatwecanbesurethey"know，'allthewordstheyarereading・ThismeansthatwhentheydorTtknowaword,theyaregoingtomakeamistake,rightinfrontofeveryone.Afterhavingtaughtfifth-gradeclassesforfouryears,Idecidedtotryatallcoststoridthemoftheirfearanddislikeofbooks,andtogetthemtoreadoftenerandmoreadventurously.Onedaysoonafterschoolhadstarted,Isaidtothem,“NowFmgoingtosaysomethingaboutreadingthatyouhaveprobablyneverheardateachersaybefore.Iwouldlikeyoutoreadalotofbooksthisyear,butIwantyoutoreadthemonlyforpleasure.Iamnotgoingtoaskyouquestionstofindoutwhetheryouunderstandthebooksornot.Ifyouunderstandenoughofabooktoenjoyitandwanttogoonreadingit,that9senoughforme.AlsoPmnotgoingtoaskyouwhatwordsmean."Thechildrensatstunnedandsilent.Wasthisateachertalking?Onegirl,whohadjustcometousfromaschoolwhereshehadhadaveryhardtime,lookedatmesteadilyforalongtimeafterIhadfinished.Then,stilllookingatme,shesaidslowlyandseriously,MrHolt,doyoureallymeanthat?，，Isaidjustasseriously,“Imeaneverywordofit.Duringthespringshereallyastonishedme.Oneday,shewasreadingatherdesk,FromaglimpseoftheillustrationsIthoughtIknewwhatthebookwas.Isaidtomyself,“Itcan"be,"andwenttotakeacloserlook-Sureenough,shewasreadingMobyDick,ineditionwithwoodcuts.Isaid,“Don'tyoufindpartsofitratherheavygoing?'9Sheanswered,Oh,sure,butIjustskipoverthosepartsandgoontothenextgoodpart."Thisisexactlywhatreadingshouldbeandinschoolsoseldomis,anexciting,joyousadventure.Findsomething,diveintoit,takethegoodparts,skipthebadparts,getwhatyoucanoutofit,goontosomethingelse.Howdifferentisourmean-spirited,pickyinsistencethateverychildgeteverylastlittlescrapof"understanding^thatcanbedugoutofabook.\n41.Accordingtothepassage,children'sfearanddislikeofbooksmayresultfrom•A.readinglittleandthinkinglittleB.readingoftenandadventurouslyC.beingmadetoreadtoomuchD.beingmadetoreadaloudbeforeothers42.Theteachertoldhisstudentstoread.A.forenjoymentB.forknowledgeC・foralargervocabularyD.forhigherscoresinexams43.Uponhearingtheteacher^talk,thechildrenprobablyfeltthat.A.itsoundedstupidB・itwasnotsurprisingatallC・itsoundedtoogoodtobetrueD.itwasnodifferentfromotherteachers*talk44.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthegirlisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Sheskippedoverthoseeasypartswhilereading.B.Shehadahardtimefinishingtherequiredreadingtasks.C・Shelearnedtoappreciatesomepartsofthedifficultbooks.D・Sheturnedouttobeatopstudentaftercomingtothisschool.45.Fromtheteachefspointofview,•A.childrencannottellgoodpartsfrombadpartswhilereadingB.childrenshouldbelefttodecidewhattoreadandhowtoreadC・readingisneverapleasantandinspiringexperienceinschoolD・readinginvolvesunderstandingeverylittlepieceofinformationGraphcanbeaveryusefultoolforconveyinginformationespeciallynumbers,percentages,andotherdata.Agraphgivesthereaderapicturetointeipret.Thatcanbealotmorepagesandpagesandpagesexplainingthedata.\nGraphscanseemfrightening,butreadingagraphisalotlikereadingastory.Thegraphhasatitle,amainidea,andsupportingdetails.Youcanuseyouractivereadingskillstoanalyzeandunderstandgraphsjustlikeanyothertext.Mostgraphshaveafewbasicparts:acaptionorintroductionparagraph,atitle,alegendorkey,andlabeledaxes.Anactivereaderlooksateachpartofthegraphbeforetryingtointerpretthedata.Captionswillusuallytellyouwherethedatacamefrom(forexample,ascientificstudyof400Africanelephantsfrom1980to2005).Captionsusuallysummarizetheauthorsmainpointaswell.Thetitleisveryimportant.Ittellsyouthemainideaofthegraphbystatingwhatkindofinformationisbeingshown.Alegend,alsocalledakey,isaguidetothesymbolsandcolorsusedinthegraph.Manygraphs,includingbargraphsandlinegraphs,havetwoaxesthatformacorner,Usuallytheseaxesaretheleftsideandthebottomofthegraph.Eachaxiswillalwayshavealabel.Thelabeltellsyouwhateachaxismeasures.BarGraphsAbargraphhastwoaxesandusesbarstoshowamounts.InGraph1,weseethatthex-axisshowsgradesthatstudentsearned,andthey-axisshowsbowmanystudentsearnedeachgrade.Youcanseethat6studentsearnedanAbecausethebarforAstretchesupto6ontheverticalmeasurement.Thereisalotofinformationwecangetfromasimplegraphlikethis(SeeGraph1).LineGraphs\nGruph2rhePipHsSpangMigrationAlinegraphlookssimilartoabargraph,butinsteadofBars,itplotspointsandconnectsthemwithaline.Ithasthesamepartsasabargraph-twolabeledaxes-andcanbereadthesameway.Toreadalinegraph,it，simportanttofocusonthepointsofintersectionratherthanthelinesegmentsbetweenthepoints,Thistypeofgraphismostcommonlyusedtoshowhowsomethingchangesovertime.HereisagraphthatchartshowfarabirdfliesduringthefirstFivedaysofitsspringmigration(SeeGraph2).Theunitofmeasurementforthex-axisisdays.Theunitofmeasurementforthey-axisiskilometers.Thuswecanseethat,onthefirstday,thepipitflew20kilometers.ThelinesegmentgoesupbetweenDay1andDay2,whichmeansthatthebirdflewfartheronDay2.Ifthelinesegmentangleddawn,asbetweenDay4andDay5,itwouldmeanthatthebirdflewfewerkilometersthanthedaybefore.Thislinegraphisaquick,visualwaytotellthereaderaboutthebird'smigration.PieGraphsCirxiphzXmyJune1.Nj>cn^v^Atypicalpiegraphlookslikeacircularpie.Thecircleisdividedintosections,andeachsectionrepresentsafractionofthedata.Thegraphiscommonlyusedtoshowpercentages;thewholepierepresents100percent,soeachpieceisafractionofthewhole.\nApiegraphmightincludealegend,oritmightuseiconsorlabelswithineachslice.Thispiegraphshowsonmonthsexpense,(SeeGraph3).Food$25Movies$12Clothing$36Savings$20Books$741.Whenusedinagraph,alegendisA.aguidetothesymbolsandcolorsB.anintroductionparagraphC.themainideaD.thedata47.WhatisthetotalnumberofstudentswhoearnedaCorbetter?A.4.B.6.C.10.D.20.4&ThebirdcoveredthelongestdistanceonA.Day1B.Day2C.Day3D.Day449.WhichofthefollowingcostAmymost?C.MoviesD.Clothing.A.Food.B.Books\nWealthstartswithagoalsavingadollaratatime.Callitthepiggybankstrategy（策略）.Therearelessonsinthattime-honoredcoin-savingcontainer.Anyhugetaskseemseasierwhenreducedtobabysteps.Ifyouwishedtoclimba12,000-footmountain,andcoulddoitadayatatime,youwouldonlyhavetoclimb33feetdailytoreachthetopinayear.Ifyouwanttotakeareallynicetripin10yearsforaspecialoccasion,tocollectthe$15,000cost,youhavetosave$3-93aday.Ifyoudropthatintoapiggybankandthenonceayearput$1,434inasavingsaccountat1%interestrateafter-tax,youwillhaveyourtripmoney.WhenIwasachild,myparentsgavemeapiggybanktoteachmethat,ifIwantedsomething,Ishouldsavemoneytobuyit.Weassociatepiggybankswithchildren,butinmanycountries,thelittlecontainersarealsopopularwithadults.Europeansseeapiggybankasasignofgoodfortuneandwealth.Aroundtheworld,manybelieveagiftofapiggybankonNewYearnsDaybringsgoodluckandfinancialsuccess.Ah,butyouhavetoputsomethinginit.Whyisapigusedasasymbolofsaving?Whynotanelephantbank,whichisbiggerandholdsmorecoins?IntheMiddleAges,beforemodernbankingandcreditinstruments,peoplesavedmoneyathome,afewcoinsatatimedroppedintoajarordish.Potters（制陶工）madetheseinexpensivecontainersfromanorange-coloredclay（黍占土）called"pyggjandfolkssavedcoinsinpyggjars.TheMiddleEnglishwordforpigwas"piggetWhiletheSaxonspronouncedpygg,referringtotheclay,as"pug”,eventuallythetwowordschangedintothesamepronunciation,soundingthe“i”asinpigorpiggy.Asthewordbecamelessassociatedwiththeorangeclayandmorewiththeanimal,acleverpotterfashionedapyggjarintheshapeofapig,delightingchildrenandadults.Thepiggybankwasborn.Originallyyouhadtobreakthebanktogettothemoney,bringinginasenseofseriousnessintosavings.Whilepiggybanksteachchildrenthewisdomofsaving,adultsoftenneedtorelearnchildhoodlessons.Thinkaboutthethingsinlifethatrequirelargeamountsofmoney-一collegeeducation,weddings,cars,medicalcare,startingabusiness,buyingahome,andfunstufflikegreattrips.Sowhenyouhave\nmoney,takeoffthetop10%,putitaside,saveandinvestwisely.41.Whatisthepiggybankstrategy?A.Paying1%incometaxatatime.B.Settingagoalbeforemakingatravelplan.C.Aiminghighevenwhendoingsmallthings.D.Puttingasidealittlemoneyregularlyforfutureuse.42.Whydidthewriter^parentsgivehimapiggybankasagift?A.Todelighthimwiththelatestfashion.B・Toencouragehimtoclimbmountains.C・Tohelphimformthehabitofsaving.D・ToteachhimEnglishpronunciation.43.Whatdoesthenunderlinedword"something^CParagraph3)mostprobablyreferto?A.MoneyB.GiftsC・FinancialsuccessD.Goodluck44.ThepiggybanoriginallywasA.apotter'sinstrumentB・acheapclaycontainerC.ananimal-shapeddish45.Thelastparagraphtalksabout.D.apig-liketoyforchildrenA.theseriousnessofeducatingchildrenB.theenjoymentoftakingagreattripC.theimportanceofmanagingmoneyD.thedifficultyofstartingabusiness\nHereissomemust-knowinformationfromahandbookonhowpeoplebehaveindoingbusinessinsomecountries.InBrazilBraziliansarewarmandfriendly.Theyoftenstandclosewhentalkinganditiscommonforthemtotouchthepersonontheshoulder.Peopleoftengreeteachother（particularlywomen）withlightcheekkisses.Schedulestendtobeflexible,withbusinessmeetingssometimesstartinglaterthanplanned・Buttobesafe,beontime.Mealscanstretchforhours一there9snosuchthingasrushingamealinBrazil.Lunchesalsocanstartinthemidtolateafternoon.Braziliansaresocial,preferringface-to-facecommunicationovermailsorphonecalls.InSingaporeSingaporeansshakehandswhentheymeetandoftenalsogreeteachotherwithasmall,politebow.Businesscardsshouldbeofferedandreceivedwithtwohands.Amvinglateisconsidereddisrespectful.Sobeontime・Efficiency（效率）isthegoal,someetingsanddealingsoftenarefast-paced.Singaporeansaredirectintheirdiscussions,evenwhenthesubjectisaboutmoney.Rankisimportantandauthorityisrespected.Thisdeterminesbothpeopleinteractinmeetings.Forexample,peopleavoiddisagreeingoutrightwithsomeonewithahigherrank.IntheUnitedArabEmiratesIntheUAE，statusisimportant,sothemostseniororoldestshouldbegreetedfirstwiththeirtitles.Thehandshakeseemstobelongerthanelsewhere.So,donotpullawaythehandshake.Womenshouldcoverthemselveswhenitcomestodress.Menalsotendtobecoveredfromnecktoelbows（肘部）anddowntotheknees.Peopledonotavoidentertainingintheirhomes,buttheyalsoholdbusinessmealsatrestaurants.Touchingorpassingfoodoreatingwithyourlefthandistobeavoided.Whenmeetingsareone-to-one,ifyourhostoffersyoucoffee,youshouldrefuse.Itmightseemodd,butitisaculturaltradition.Coffeeshouldonlybeacceptedifitisalwayssetoutorpresented・\nInSwitzerland\nTheSwisstendtobeformalandaddresseachotherbylastname.Theyalsoarerespectfulofprivatelives.Youshouldbecarefulnottoaskaboutpersonaltopics.Punctuality（守口寸）isvital,somethingthatcomesfromadeeprespectforothers'time.Arriveatanymeetingoreventafewminutesearlytobesafe.Theyalsohaveclearstructureintheircompanies.Higher-upsmakethefinaldecisions,evenifothersmightdisagree・Neat，cleandressisexpected.TheSwissfollowformaltablemanners.Theyalsokeeptheirhandsvisibleatthetableandtheirelbowsoffthetable.Itispolitetofinishthefoodonyourplate.46.Thepassageismainlyabout・A.communicationtypesB・theworkplaceatmosphereC.customsandsocialmannersD.livingconditionsandstandards47.WhydoSingaporeansavoidarguingwiththeirboss?A.Theyputefficiencyinthefirstplace.B.Theydislikeface-to-facecommunication.C.Theywanttofinishmeetingsasquicklyaspossible.D.Theyaresupposedtoobeythepersonofahigherrank.48.IntheUAE,whenshouldyourefusethecoffeeifitisoffered?A.Whengreetingseniors.B.Whenmeetingthehostalone.C.Whenattendingapresentation.D.Whendiningwithbusinesspartners.B・InSingapore.D・InSwitzerland.49.Inwhichcountrydopeoplecareaboutwheretoputtheirhandsatthedinnertable?A.InBrazil.C・IntheUnitedArabEmirate.Ifhumansweretrulyathomeunderthelightofthemoonandstars,wewouldgoindarknesshappily,themidnightworldasvisibletousasitistothevastnumberofnocUimal（夜I、口打舌动的）speciesonthisplanet.Instead,wearediurnalcreatures,witheyesadaptedtolivinginthesun'slight.Thisisabasicevolutionaryfact,eventhoughmostofusdon'tthinkofourselvesasdiurnalbeings.Yetit'stheonlywaytoexplainwhatwe\edonetothenight:We'veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.\nThebenefitsofthiskindofengineeringcomewithconsequences—kcalledlightpollution一whoseeffectsscientistsareonlynowbeginningtostudy・Lightpollutionislargelytheresultofbadlightingdesign,whichallowsartificiallighttoshineoutwardandupwardintothesky.Ill-designedlightingwashesoutthedarknessofnightandcompletelychangesthelightlevels~andlightrhythms一towhichmanyformsoflife,including,ourselves,haveadapted・Whereverhumanlightspillsintothenaturalworld,someaspectorlifeisaffected.Inmostcitiestheskylooksasthoughithasbeenemptiedofstars,leavingbehindavacanthaze（霾）thatmirrorsourfearofthedark.We，vegrownsousedtothisorangehazethattheoriginalgloryofanunlitnigh,-darkenoughfortheplanetVenustothrowshadowonEarth,iswhollybeyondourexperience,beyondmemoryalmost.Wevelitupthenightasifitwereanunoccupiedcountry,whennothingcouldbefurtherformthetruth.Amongmammalsalone,thenumberofnocturnalspeciesisastonishing,Lightisapowerfulbiologicalforce,andonmanyspeciesitactsasamagnet（磁铁）.Theeffectissopowerfulthatscientistsspeakofsongbirdsandseabirdsbeing"captured^bysearchlightsonlandorbythelightfromgasflaresonmarineoilplatforms.Migratingatnight,birdstendtocollidewithbrightlylittallbuildings.Frogslivingnearbrightlylithighwayssuffernocturnallightlevelsthatareasmuchasamilliontimesrighterthannormal,throwingnearlyeveryaspectoftheirbehavioroutofjointincludingmostothercreatures,wedoneeddarkness.Darknessis\nasessentialtoourbiologicalwelfare,toourinternalclockwork,aslightitself.Livinginaglareofourmaking,wehavecutourselvesofffromourevolutionaryandculturalheritage一thelightofthestarsandtherhythmsofdayandnight.Inaveryrealsenselightpollutioncausesustolosesightofourtrueplaceintheuniverse,toforgetthescaleofourbeing,whichisbestmeasuredagainstthedimensionsofadeepnightwiththeMilkyWay一theedgeofourgalaxyarchingoverhead.46.Accordingtothepassage,humanbeingrA.prefertoliveinthedarknessB.areusedtolivinginthedaylightC・werecuriousaboutthemidnightworldD.hadtostayathomewiththelightofthemoon47.Whatdoes"if^Paragraph1)mostprobablyreferto?A.Thenight.B.ThemoonC.TheskyD.Theplanet48.ThewritermentionsbirdsandfrogstoLA.provideexamplesofanimalprotectionB.showhowlightpollutionaffectsanimalsC.comparethelivinghabitsofbothspeciesD.explainwhythenumberofcertainspecieshasdeclined49.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthat.A.lightpollutiondoseharmtotheeyesightofanimalsB・lightpollutionhasdestroyedsomeoftheworldheritagesC.humanbeingscannotgototheouterspaceD.humanbeingsshouldreflectontheirpositionintheuniverse50.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheMagiclight.C.TheDisappearingNight.B.TheOrangeHaze.D.TheRhythmsofNature.In2004,whenmydaughterBeckywasten,sheandmyhusbandJoe,wereunitedintheirdesireforadog.Asforme,Isharednoneoftheircaninelust.Butwhy,theypleaded."BecauseIdon'thavetimetotakecareofadog.nButweJIdoit."Really?You'regoingtowalkthedog?Feedthedog?Bathethedog?”Yes,\nyes,andyesdon'tbelieveyou:Wewill.Wepromise・Theydidn't•Fromdaytwo（everyonewantedtowalkthecutepuppythatfirstday）、neitherthoughttowalkthedog.WhileIwasslowtoacceptthatIwouldbetheonetokeeptrackofhershots,toschedulehervetappointments,tofeedandcleanher,Mistyknewthisondayone.Asshelookedupatthethreenewhumansinherlife（small,medium,andlarge）,shecalculated,"Themediumoneisthesuckerinthepack•”Quickly,sheandIdevelopedsomethingverysimilartoaVulcanmindmeld（f、灵融合）•She'dlookatmewiththosesadbrowneyesofhers,beamherneed,andthenwait,trustingIwouldunderstand一which,strangely,Ialmostalwaysdid.Innotime,shebecamemyfeetasIread,andsplayingacrossmystomachasIwatchedtelevision•Evenso、partofmecontinuedtoresentwalkingduty.JoeandBeckyhadpromised.Notfair,Fdbalk（不心甘情愿地做）silentlyassheandIwalked・“Notfair『dloudlyremindanyonewithinearshotuponourreturnhome.Thenoneday一January1，2007,tobeexact一myhusband6sdoctorutteredanunthinkableword:leukemia（白血病）.Withthat,IspenteighttotenhoursadaywithJoeinthehospital,doinganythingandeverythingIcouldtoeasehisdiscomfort・Duringthosesixmonthsofhospitalizations,Becky,12atthetime,adjustedtootheradultsbeinginthehousewhenshereturnedfromschool.Myworkcolleaguesadjustedtomytakingoffatamomentsnoticeformedicalemergencies.Everypartofmylifechanged;nopartofmyoldroutineremained.Saveone:Mistystillneededwalking.Atthebeginning,whenfriendsofferedtotakeherthroughherpaces,IdeclinedbecauseIknewtheyhadtheirownhouseholdstodealwith.Asthemonthswentby,IbegantorealizethatIactuallywantedtowalkMisty.ThewalkinthemorningbeforeIheadedtothehospitalwasaquiet,peacefultimeto\ngathermythoughtsortojustbebeforetheday'smedicaldramaunfolded・Theeveningwalkwasatimetoshakeofftheday'supsetsandletthewonytracksinmyheadgotowhitenoise.Whenseriousillnessvisitsyourhousehold,its，notjustyourdailyroutineandyourassumptionsaboutthefuturethatarenolongerfamilia匚Prettymucheveryoneyouactsdifferently.NotMisty.Takeherforawalk,andshehadnointerestinJoe'sbloodcountsor'onemarrowtestresults.Onthestreetorinthepark,shehadonlyonethingonhermind:squirrels!SheWassojoyousthatevenontheworstdays,shecouldmakemesmile.Onadailybasissheremindedmethatlifegoeson.AfterJoediedin2009,Mistysleptonhispillow.Pmgrateful一toapoint.Thetruthis,afteryearsofbalking,Pvecometoenjoym'walkswithMisty.AsIwatchherchaseafterasquirrel,throwingherwholebeingintothehere-and-nowofanexercisethathasneveronceendedinvictory,sheremindsme,too,thatnomatterhowharshthepresentorunpredictablethefuture、there'salmostalwayssomemeasureofjoytobeextractedfromthemoment.55・whydidn'tthewriteragreetoraiseadogatthebeginningofthestory?A・Shewasafraidthedogwouldgetthefamily,intotrouble・B・ItwouldbeherbusinesstotakecareofthedogA.Herhusbandanddaughterwereunitedasone.B.Shedidn1twanttospoilhe'daughte匚56.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningto"Themediumoneis"hesuckerinthepack.^(Paragraph3)?A."Themiddle-agedpersonlovesmemost?'B・"Themedium-sizedwomanisthehostess?5C."Themaninthemiddleistheonewhohasthefinalsay."D."Thewomanisthekindandtrustworthyoneinthefamily.”57.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that.A.Mistywasquiteclever\nB・MistycouldsolvemathproblemsC・thewriterwasaslowlearnerD.noonewalkedMistythefirstday56.Thestorycametoitsturningpointwhen.A.Joediedin2009B.Joefellillin2007C・thewriterbegantowalkthedogD.thedogtiredtopleasethewriter57.WhydidthewritercontinuetowalkMistywhileJoewasinhospital?A.Mistycouldn^tlivewithoutherB.Herfriendsdidn'tofferanyhelpC・Thewalkprovidedherwithspiritualcomfort.D.Shedidn'twantMistyto'otherscompanion.58.Whatisthemessagethewriterwantstoconveyinthepassage?A.Oneshouldlearntoenjoyhardtimes.B・Adisastercanchangeeverythinginlife.C・Momentsofjoysuggestthatthereisstillhopeahead.D.Peoplewillchangetheirattitudetowardyouwhenyouareindifficulty.