高考专题作业 9页

高考专题复习阅读理解----主旨大意及词义推测一．主旨大意题在高考阅读理解中出现的频率很高，因为这类题主要考查考生能否通过理解、分析全文，区分主要信息和次要信息，进而总结归纳文章或段落的大意。矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖。主旨大意题主要有三种解题类型1.Theanthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto...聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净。（1）目的型2.Thepassageismeantto...3.Thepurposeofthearticleisto...1.Themainideais_____.（2）主旨型2.Thepassagemainlytalksabout_____.3.What’sthetopicofthefirstparagraph?1.Thetitleis_____.2.Whichtitlebestgivestheideaofthepassage?（3）标题型3.Thebestheadlineforthepassagewouldbe____.残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟。4.Thesubjectofthepassageis____.解题技巧目的型常见的三类题型_________________；___________________；__________________酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥。主旨型Howtogetthemainideaofaparagragh?•文章的主旨是通过段落来表达的，而段落的大意主要由___________________来体现，所以段落的主题句是构成文章中心思想的有机组成部分。因此，识别各段落的主题句并由此归纳出文章的中心思想是解答该类题的关键。彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑。•做这类题时常用_____法。Thepositionofthetopicsentence1.Atthebeginning2.Inthemiddle3.Attheend4.Notopicsentence标题型若遇到拿不太准的情况，不妨思考一下：“如果是我写这个题目，我会怎样写？”二．词义猜测超纲词义含义推断•词义考察的两种方式熟词生义词义题的解题技巧*根据上下文进行推理猜测9\n*根据构词法，同义词，反义词，同位词连词及标点符号所表示的上下文的关系课堂针对练习练习（一）（2010湖南高考）L1PITOR•ABOUTLIPITORLipitorisaprescriptionmedicine．Alongwithdietandexercise，itlowers“bad，’cholesterol(胆固醇)inyourblood．Itcanalsoraise“good'’cholesterol.[Lipitorcanlowertheriskofheartattackinpatientswithseveralcommonriskfactors，includingfamilyhistoryofearlyheartdisease，highbloodpressure，ageandsmoking.謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔。•[WHOISLIPITORFOR?WhocantakeLIPITOR：．Peoplewhocannotlowertheircholesterolenoughwithdietandexercise·Adultsandchildrenoverl0厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚。•WhoshouldNOTtakeLIPITOR：．Womenwhoarepregnant，maybepregnant，ormaybecomepregnant.Lipitormayharmyourunbornbaby.womenwhoarebreast-feeding．Lipitorcanpassintoyourbreastmilkandmayharmyourbaby.Peoplewithliver(肝脏)problems茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪。•POSSIBLESIDEEFFECTSOFLIPITORSerioussideeffectsinasmallnumberofpeople：．Muscle(肌肉)problemsthatcanleadtokidney(肾脏)problems，includingkidneyfailure．Liverproblems．YourdoctormaydobloodteststocheckyourliverbeforeyoustartLipitorandwhileyouaretakingit．鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴。•Callyourdoctorrightawayifyouhave：．Unexplainedmusclepainorweakness，especiallyifyouhaveafeverorfeelveryfired．Swellingoftheface，lips，tongue，and／orthroatthatmaycausedifficultyinbreathingorswallowing·StomachpainSomecommonsideeffectsofLIPITORare：·Musclepain·Upsetstomach·Changesinsomebloodtests籟丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨。•HOWTOTAKELIPITORDO：．TakeLipitorasprescribedbyyourdoctor.．Trytoeatheart-healthyfoodswhileyoutakeLipitor.TakeLipitoratanytimeofday,withorwithoutfood.Ifyoumissadose(一剂)，takeitassoonasyouremember.[Butifithasbeenmorethan12hourssinceyourmisseddose，wait．Takethenextdoseatyourregulartime.Don’t：．Donotchangeorstopyourdosebeforetalkingtoyourdoctor.Donotstartnewmedicinesbeforetalkingtoyourdoctor.預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴。1．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toteachpatientswaysforquickrecovery.B.Topresentareportonascientificresearch.C.Toshowtheimportanceofagoodlifestyle.D.Togiveinformationaboutakindofmedicine9\n练习（二）PassageB(NMET)Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills(读写能力).Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence(自信心),accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦。　　TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.“Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,”saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildren’sdepartment.铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡。　　LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon”inthechildren’sdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed”bookatthelastclass.TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky,publicrelationsmanager.擁締凤袜备訊顎轮烂蔷。Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?　A.Children’sreadingdifficulties.B.Advantagesofraisingdogs.贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷。C.Serviceinapubliclibrary.D.Aspecialreadingprogram.坛摶乡囂忏蒌鍥铃氈淚。(1)Now,it’simportantforthemanagersinacompanytounderstandwhattheircustomerswantiftheyaregoingtodevelopeffectivemarketingstrategies(策略).Therearevariouswaysofdoingthis.Onewayatsupermarkets,forexample,istointerviewcustomerswhilethey’redoingtheirshopping.Theycanbeaskedwhattheyprefertobuyandthentheresultsoftheresearchcanbestudied.Thisprovidesinformationonwhichtobasefuturemarketingstrategies.蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘。It’salsoquitenormalfortopmanagersfromdepartmentstorestospendadayortwoeachmonthvisitingstoresandmixingfreelywiththepublic,asiftheywereordinarycustomers,togetanideaofhowcustomersact.買鲷鴯譖昙膚遙闫撷凄。Anotherwaytogetinformationfromcustomersistogivethemsomething…italsoallowsthemanagerstogetafeelforwheretoattractcustomersandwhichage-groupstoattract.綾镝鯛駕櫬鹕踪韦辚糴。Anotherstrategyusedatsomewell-knownparkssuchasDisneylandisfortopmanagersto9\nspendatleastonedayintheirwork…(安徽)驅踬髏彦浃绥譎饴憂锦。1.Themainideaofthetextis_________.A.howtodomarketresearchB.howtodevelopmarketingstrategiesC.howtofindoutcustomers’socialneedsD.howtoencouragecustomerstospendmoremoney(2)IfyouaskpeopletonameonepersonwhohadthegreatesteffectontheEnglishlanguage,youwillgetanswerslike“Shakespeare,”“SamuelJohnson,”and“Webster,”butnoneofthesemenhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoamanwhodidn’tevenspeakEnglish——WilliamtheConqueror.猫虿驢绘燈鮒诛髅貺庑。Before1066,inthelandwecallGreatBritainlivedpeoplesbelongingtotwomajorlanguagegroups…锹籁饗迳琐筆襖鸥娅薔。Butthisstateofaffairsdidnotlast.In1066theNormanledbyWilliamdefeatedtheSaxonsandbegantheirruleoverEngland,foraboutacentury,FrenchbecametheofficiallanguageofEnglishwhileOldEnglishbecamethelanguageofpeasants.Asaresult,EnglishwordsofpoliticsandlawcomefromFrenchratherthanGerman.Insomecases,modernEnglishevenshowsadistinctionbetweenupper-classFrenchandlower-classAnglo--Saxoninitswords…構氽頑黉碩饨荠龈话骛。WhenAmericansvisitEuropeforthefirsttime,theyusuallyfindGermanymore“foreign”thanFrancebecausetheGermantheyseeonsignsandadvertisementsseemsmuchmoredifferentfromEnglishthanFrenchdoes.FewrealizethattheEnglishlanguageisactuallyGermanicinitsbeginningandthattheFrenchinfluencesarealltheresultofoneman’sambition.(全国)輒峄陽檉簖疖網儂號泶。2.Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?A.ThehistoryofGreatBritain.B.ThesimilaritybetweenEnglishandFrench.C.TheruleofEnglandbyWilliamtheConqueror.D.TheFrenchinfluencesontheEnglishlanguage.(3)Forcenturies,theonlyformofwrittencorrespondence(通信)wastheletterswere,andare,sentbysomeformofpostalservice,thehistoryofwhichgoesbackalongway.Indeed,theEgyptiansbegansendinglettersfromabout2000BC,asdidtheChineseathousandyearslater.尧侧閆繭絳闕绚勵蜆贅。Ofcourse,modernpostalservicenowaremarchmoredevelopedandfaster,dependingastheydooncarsandplanesforedelivery.Yettheyarestilltooslow…识饒鎂錕缢灩筧嚌俨淒。Theinventionofthefaxmachineincreasedthespeedofdeliveringdocumentsevenmore…凍鈹鋨劳臘锴痫婦胫籴。Thefaxserviceisstillverymuchinusewhencopiesofdocumentsrequiretobesent,but,9\nasawayoffastcorrespondence,ithasbeenlargelytakentheplaceofbyemail…恥諤銪灭萦欢煬鞏鹜錦。Thereareadvantagesanddisadvantageswithemails.Ifyousendsomeoneanemail,thenhewillreceiveitextremelyquickly…However,ifyouwritesomethingbyemail,whichyoumightlaterregret,andsenditimmediately,thereisnochanceforsecondthoughts…鯊腎鑰诎褳鉀沩懼統庫。3.Thetextmainlydealswith_________.(陕西)A.theprogressincorrespondenceB.theadvantageoffaxmachinesC.theadvantageofemailsD.theinventionoffaxmachines练习（三）(2010四川）AIgrewupinahousewheretheTVwasseldomturnedonandwithonewallinmybedroomentirelylinedwithbookshelves,mostofmychildhoodwasspentonbooksIcouldgetholdof.Infact,Igrewupthinkingofreadingasnaturalasbreathingandbooksunbelievablypowerfulinshapingperspectives(观点)bycreatingworldswecouldstepinto,takepart.in.andlivein.硕癘鄴颃诌攆檸攜驤蔹。Withthisunshakablebelief,I,at.fourteen,decidedtobecomeawriter.Heretoo,readingbecameuseful.Everywriterstartsoffknowingthathehassomethingtosay,butbeingunabletofindtherightwaystosayit.Hehastofindhisownvoicebyreadingwidelyanddiscoveringwhichpartsofthewritersheagreesordisagreeswith,oragreeswithsostronglythatitreshapeshisownworld.Hecannotwritewithoutlovingtoread,becauseonlythroughreadingotherpeople’swritingcanonediscoverwhatworks,whatdoesn’tand,intheend,togetherwithlotsofpractice,whatvoicehehas.阌擻輳嬪諫迁择楨秘騖。NowIamincollege,andhavecometorealizehowimportantitistoreadfiction(文学作品)．Asa.lawstudent,myreadingisinfactlimitedtosubjectmatter—thevolume(量)ofwhatIhavetoreadforclasseseveryweekmeansthereislittletimetoreadanythingelse.SuchreadingmadeitalltheclearertomethatIliveinaverysmallpartinthisgreatplacecalledlife.Readingfictionremindsmethatthereislifebeyondmyown.ItallowsmetotravelacrossthehighseasandalongtheSilkRoad,allfromthecomfortofmyownarmchair,toexperience,thoughsecondhand,excitingexperiencesthatIwouldn'tnecessarilybeabletohaveinmylifetime.氬嚕躑竄贸恳彈瀘颔澩。Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthistext?釷鹆資贏車贖孙滅獅赘。A.WhydoIread?B.HowdoIread?C.WhatdoIread?9\nD.WhendoIread?（2010重庆）SittingonthepeacefulcoastofGalapagosIslands.Ecuador,watchingthesunmovequietlyintothesea,youshouldn’tforgetthatCharlesDarwin(1809-1882)arrivedherein1835.Hestayedontheislandsforfiveweeks,observingvariousanimals.Thisfinallyinspired(启发)hisfamouswork,OntheOriginofSpecies.YoucancertainlyfollowDarwin’sfootstepsandenjoyatripfromfourtosevendaystotheislands.怂阐譜鯪迳導嘯畫長凉。Theislandsarecertainlyaparadise(天堂)forwildlife,astherearenonaturalkillersontheislandsandthenumberofboatsandvisitorsisundergovernmentcontrol.ThoughyoucannotwalkfreelyasDarwindidabout200yearsago,eachdayisasimpressiveasitcouldbe.谚辞調担鈧谄动禪泻類。Themostwell-knownanimalsoftheGalapagosisthegianttortoise(巨型海龟),whichcanbeseenmovingslowlyaroundthehighlandsofSanraCruz,thesecondlargestislandinthearchipelago(群岛).SomeofthesecreaturesaresooldthattheymighthavebeenseenintheiryouthbyDarwinhimself.嘰觐詿缧铴嗫偽純铪锩。Despitestrictcontroloveractivitiesandtiming,yourstayontheGalapagoswillberememberedasachainofincomparablepictures:divingwithsealionsthatswimandplaywithininchesofyou;feelingsmallsharkstouchyourfeetasyouswim;and,mostmagically,seeingawhaleandherbabysurfacewithagreatbreathofair.熒绐譏钲鏌觶鷹緇機库。TravellingbetweentheislandsandobservingthewildlifethatsoinspiredDarwin,youwillfeelasthoughyouaregettingaspecialviewofanuntouchedworld.Atnightyouwillsleeponboardtheship,leavingthewildlifeincompleteoccupationoftheislands,whichareasundisturbednowastheyhavebeensincethebeginningoftime.鶼渍螻偉阅劍鲰腎邏蘞。Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?纣忧蔣氳頑莶驅藥悯骛。A.AUniqueAttractionforwildlifeLoversB.CalapagosasaParadiseforAdventuresC.CharlesDarwinasasymbolofGalapagosD.AsuccessfulExampleofwildlifeprotection(2012·高考新课标全国卷B)HoneyfromtheAfricanforestisnotonlyakindofnaturalsugar，itisalsodelicious.Mostpeople，andmanyanimals，likeeatingit.However，theonlywayforthemtogetthathoneyistofindawildbees’nestandtakethehoneyfromit.Often，thesenestsarehighupintrees，anditisdifficulttofindthem.InpartsofAfrica,though,peopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhaveastrangeandunexpectedhelper—alittlebirdcalledahoneyguide.Thehoneyguidedoesnotactuallylikehoney，butitdoeslikethewaxinthebeehives(蜂房)．Thelittlebirdcannotreachthiswax，whichisdeepinsidethebees’nest.So,whenitfindsasuitablenest，itlooksforsomeonetohelpit.Thehoneyguidegivesaloudcrythatattractstheattentionofbothpassinganimalsandpeople.Onceithastheirattention，itfliesthroughtheforest，waitingfromtimeto9\n颖刍莖蛺饽亿顿裊赔泷。timeforthecuriousanimalorpersonasitleadsthemtothenest.Whentheyfinallyarriveatthenest，thefollowerreachesintogetatthedelicioushoneyasthebirdpatiently濫驂膽閉驟羥闈詔寢賻。waitsandwatches.Someofthehoney，andthewax，alwaysfallstotheground,andthisiswhenthehoneyguidetakesitsshare.銚銻縵哜鳗鸿锓謎諏涼。Scientistsdonotknowwhythehoneyguidelikeseatingthewax，butitisverydeterminedinitseffortstogetit.Thebirdsseemtobeabletosmellwaxfromalongdistanceaway.Theywillquicklyarrivewheneverabeekeeperistakinghoneyfromhisbeehives，andwillevenenterchurcheswhenbeeswaxcandlesarebeinglit.挤貼綬电麥结鈺贖哓类。63．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WildBeesB．WaxandHoneyC．BeekeepinginAfricaD．HoneyLover’sHelper赔荊紳谘侖驟辽輩袜錈。课后巩固练习（1） Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.  “Havingapartyathomeusuallyrequiresalotofrunningaroundonthepartoftheparents,andoftenthebirthdayboyorgirlgetslostinwildexcitement.Butitreallydoesn’thavetobethatway,”saidAnaclerio.Lastsummer,AnaclerioandherfriendJillCarlisle,aNorthbrookmotherofa2-year–old,foundedahomeparty-planningbusinesscalled“APartyinaBasket.”Theirgoalistohelpparentsandchildrenshareinthefunpartofpartyplanning,likechoosingthesubjectormakingacake,whiletheytakecareofeverything.   Drawingontheirexperiencesasmothers,theyhavecreated10ready-to-use,homepartypackages.Everythingafamilyneedstoplanaparty,exceptthecakeandicecream,isdeliveredtothehomeinalargebasket.  “Ourpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10,”Anacleriosaid,“andthey’reveryinteractive（互动）andcreativeinthattheybuildasenseofdramabasedonasubject.Forexample,attheSodaShoppepartytheguestsbecomewaitersandwaitressesandbuildwonderfulicecreamcreations.”  Thestandard$200packageforeightchildrenincludesabasketfilledwithinvitations,gifts,gamesandprizes,papergoods,apartyplannerandthelike.Formoreinformation,callAnaclerioat708-864-6584orCarlisleat708-205-9141.1.Themainpurposeofwritingthistextis________. A.toshareinformationaboutpartyplanning B.tointroducethejoysofabirthdayparty C.toannounceabusinessplan    D.tosellaservice2.Themostimportantideabehindthekindofpartyplanningdescribedhereisthat9\n________. A.parentsaresparedthetroubleofsendinginvitations B.guestsplayapartinthepreparationofaparty C.itbringsparentsandchildrenclosertogether D.itprovidesasubjectofconversation3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”(paragraph1)probablymean? A.asituationcausingdifficultyortrouble  B.aplanrequiringcarefulthought C.apartydesignedbyspecialists    D.ademandmadebyguests4.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytobeapartyplanner? 塤礙籟馐决穩賽釙冊庫。课后巩固练习（2）Whensomethinggoeswrong，itcanbeverysatisfyingtosay,“Well,it’sso-and-so’sfault.”or“IknowI’mlate，butit’snotmyfault;thecarbrokedown.”Itisprobablynotyourfault，butonceyouformthehabitofblamingsomebodyorsomethingelseforabadsituation，youarealoser.Youhavenopowerandcoulddonothingthathelpschangethesituation.However,youcanhavegreatpoweroverwhathappenstoyouifyoustopfocusingonwhomtoblameandstartfocusingonhowtoremedythesituation.Thisisthewinner’skeytosuccess.Winnersaregreatatovercomingproblems.Forexample,ifyouwerelatebecauseyourcarbrokedown,maybeyouneedtohaveyourcarexaminedmoreregularly.Or,youmightstarttocarryalongwithyoutheusefulphonenumbers,soyoucouldcallforhelpwheninneed.Foranotherexample,ifyourcolleague(同事)causesyouproblemsonthejobforlackofresponsibilityorability,findwaysofdealingwithhisirresponsibilityorinabilityratherthansimplyblametheperson.Asktoworkwithadifferentperson,ordon’trelyonthisperson.Youshouldacceptthatthepersonisnotreliableandfindcreativewaystoworksuccessfullyregardlessofhowyourcolleaguefailstodohisjobwell.Thisiswhatbeingawinnerisallabout—creativelyusingyourskillsandtalentssothatyouaresuccessfulnomatterwhathappens.Winnersdon’thavefewerproblemsintheirlives;theyhavejustasmanydifficultsituationstofaceasanybodyelse.Theyarejustbetteratseeingthoseproblemsaschallengesandopportunitiestodeveloptheirowntalents.So,stopfocusingon“whosefaultitis.”Onceyouareconfidentaboutyourpoweroverbadsituations,problemsarejuststeppingstonesforsuccess.5.Accordingtothepassage,winners       .A.dealwithproblemsratherthanblameothers   B.meetwithfewerdifficultiesintheir9\nlivesC.haveresponsibleandablecolleagues        D.blamethemselvesratherthanothers6.TheunderlinedwordremedyinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto       .A.avoid  B. accept  C.improve  D.consider7.Whenyourcolleaguebringsaboutaproblem,youshould        .A.findabetterwaytohandletheproblem       B.blamehimforhislackofresponsibilityC.tellhimtofindthecauseoftheproblem      D.askamoreablecolleagueforhelp8.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.AWinner’sOpportunity.  B.AWinner’sSecret. C.AWinner’sProblem.     D.AWinner’sAchievement.裊樣祕廬廂颤谚鍘羋蔺。9