初中英语名词复习 7页

初中英语名词复习名词：指名词表示人或事物或时地的名称。它分为普通名词和专有名词两类。在句子中作主语，宾语或表语等。一、名词的种类普通名词bookpencil铅笔dogspaceship太空船等集合名词class班级、班上的同学family家庭、家人audience听众例：1、Myfamilyislarge.(我家是大家庭)2、Myfamilyareallearlyrisers.(我的家人都起的早)专有名词第一个字母大写Bob（保伯）Smith史密斯April四月London伦敦*前面加定冠词the例：theUnitedStates美国theUnitedNations联合国物质名词单数glass玻璃wood木头paper纸butter奶油fruit水果meat肉sugar糖air空气gas瓦斯water水glass----glasses眼镜wood-----woods森林用法：物质名词在计算数量时，用容器或度量衡的单位来表示数字+容器或度量衡+of+名词aloafofbread一条面包twoloafsofbread二条面包acupofcoffee一杯咖啡asheetofpaper一张纸aspoonfulofsugar一汤匙糖抽象名词前面不加aan没有复数形式例：beauty美丽honesty诚实love爱patience耐心happiness幸福music音乐二、名词的数（单、复数）规则变化的字尾加s例：dog---dogs狗book---books书girl---girls女孩名词字尾为s、sh、ch、x、o------加es例：class—classes班级bus—buses公交车dish—dishes盘子（盘中菜）bench—benches长凳box—boxes盒子7\n【注意】名词字尾是o时加es如tomato—tomatoes但有例外如photos照片，pianos钢琴等。名词字尾是y时，去y加ie例：baby—babies婴儿story—stories故事city—cities城市lady—ladies女士名词字尾是f或fe时，去f或fe加ves例：leaf—leaves叶子wife—wives妻子、太太knife—knives刀子【注意】例外：handkerchiefs手绢chiefs领袖roofs屋顶无规则变化的复数名词@名词字尾加en、ren如ox—oxen公牛child—children@改变母音如man—men男人woman—women女人goose—geese鹅tooth—teeth牙齿mouse—mice老鼠@单复数同形如fish鱼deer鹿sheep绵羊Chinese中国人Japanese日本人三、名词的所有格@单数名词----名词+‘s例：theboy’sschoolbag男孩的书包Joan’sdress（Joan的书包）@复数名词----名词s’例：agirls’school一所女校thesestudents’teacher这些学生的老师@字尾非s的复数名词----名词’s例：children’splayground小孩们的游乐园women’sactivities女人们的活动【特别注意的所有格用法】@共同所有格与个别所有格共同所有格----名词+名词+…+名词个别所有格----名词’s+名词’s+…+名词’s例：1，HarryandBill’sfatherisscientistHarry和Bill的父亲是一位科学家。2，Harry’sandBill’sfathersarescientistHarry和Bill的父亲都是科学家。@（无）生命所有格；A的BBofA例：桌子的腿thelegsoftable车门thedoorofcar@所有格之后的名称（名词），如果很容易理解时，可以省略。1、She’sgoingtodentist’s.她要去看牙2、Imethimatbarber’s.我在理发院遇见他3、WeliketoeatlunchatMcDonald’s.我们喜欢去麦当劳吃午餐7\n名词的数详解与练习1．普通名词 ：A．个体名词:如：student（学生）、pen（钢笔）、bird（鸟）等。B．集体名词:如：people（人民）、police（警察）、family（家庭）等。C．物质名词:如：water（水）、air（空气）、wood（木头）等。D．抽象名词:（摸不着的）如：work（工作）、peace（和平）、love（爱）等。2.专有名词 :主要包括：人名、地名、国名、党派名称等。如Churchill丘吉尔、Tokyo东京、China中国等。1）不可数名词它没有复数形式，如water,advice,glass,juicebread,fruitnews,paper,,food等。它们与表示量的可数名词连用,表示"可数"的概念。如:apieceofadvice/apieceofcake/cupsoftea/threepiecesofpaper,/somebottlesofwater1、Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem______?　　A.somebottlesofwaters  B.somebottlesofwater　　C.somebottleofwaterD.somebottleofwaters  2、Thereissome_______ontheplate(盘子).　A.cakes  B.meat  C.potato D.pears   3、Hegaveus____onhowtokeepfit.　A.someadvicesB.someadviceC.anadviceD.aadvice  4、Pleasepassme_____.　A.twoglassofwater   B.twoglassesofwaters  　C.twoglassesofwater  D.twoglasswater5、Thistableismadeof__________.A.manyglass   B.glasses   C.someglasses D.glass    6、Mr.Smithalwayshas________totellus.　　A.somegoodpiecesofnews B.somepiecesofgoodnews 　　C.somegoodpieceofnews  D.somepieceofgoodnews    7、Generallythereare______televisionprogramsforchildrenonSaturday.A.little   B.much C.alargenumberof D.alargeamountof  8、Thereisalotof____________(water)inthebottle.9.Iseeyouhaveafewwhite____________(hair).10、Canyougivemesomebottlesof____________(orange),please?2）可数名词却有单数和复数之分，名词单数变复数变化如下:一）在后面加s。如：cat-catsbag-bagsday-daysfathers,books,Americans1、Some__________areflyingkitesneartheriver.7\n　　A.child  B.boy   C.boys    D.childs 二）x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：class—classesmatch—matchesbox-----boxesdish----dishesboxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes1.Therearemany____________(fox)inthepicture.2．The_________hastwo__________.A.boys,watches B.boy,watch  C.boy,watches   D.boys,watch三）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es如：baby-babies,family-families,duty-duties,story-stories1.Their________________(dictionary)looknew.以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。(元音是字母a,e,i,o,u)如：day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,ways四）以o结尾(没有生命的)加s（外来词）。如：photos，zoos,pianos,radios,（有生命的）加es：如:tomatoes西红柿,potatoes马铃薯1、Weneedsomemore____.Canyougoandgetsome,please?　　A.potatoB.potatosC.potatoesD.potatoe   2、Therearelotsof_____inthebasketonthetable.　　A.tomatos   B.tomato   C.tomatoes   D.tomatoss3、Let'stake____________(photo),OK?4、Ihavelotsof____________(tomato)here.五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es。如：knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves1、Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree___.　A.leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave       2、Twelve_______werehurt,butno_________werelostinthataccident.A.person;life B.people;lives C.peoples;lives D.persons;life 六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish,sheep,deer鹿子,Chinese,Japanese,Germen1、---Arethereany________onthefarm?　---Yes,therearesome.　A.horse B.duck C.chicken D.sheep      2、Therearealotof_______downtherebuthardlyany_______.　A.sheeps,peopleB.sheep,people C.sheeps,peoples D.sheep,peoples 3、Canyouseenine_____inthepicture?A.sheep   B.dog   C.pig   D.horse七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,shorts,shoes,glasses,gloves,clothes,socks1、Therearefive________(people)inhisfamily.2、Therearealotof_______downtherebuthardlyany_______.7\n　A.sheeps,people  B.sheep,people C.sheeps,peoples   D.sheep,peoples   3、Twelve_______werehurt,butno_________werelostinthataccident.A.person;life B.people;lives C.peoples;lives  D.persons;life 八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察,class班，同学,family家，家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：actionmovie-actionmovies,Looker-on  Lookers-on   1、______cangetabetterviewofthegamethantheparticipants.　　A.Looker-on   B.Lookers-on   C.Looker-ons   D.Lookers-ons  2、Thepoliceinvestigatedthose_____abouttheaccident.　　A.stander-by                C.standers-by　　B.stander-bys               D.standers-bys          但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：mandoctor-mendoctors,womanteacher-womenteachers1、Allthe______inthehospitalgotariselastmonth.　A.womendoctors  B.womandoctorsC.womendoctorD.womandoctor   2、Two______wouldcometothevillage.A.woman-doctorsB.womendoctor C.womendoctors D.womandoctors3、Theyare________(woman)doctors.十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼fishes鱼的种类,paper纸papers报纸，卷子，论文,work工作works作品，工厂,glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼镜,orange桔子水oranges橙子,light光线lights灯,people人peoples民族,time时间times时代,次数,chicken鸡肉chickens小鸡十一）特殊形式的有：man-men,policeman-policemen,Englishman-Englishmen，woman-women,child-children,foot-feet,mouse-mice,tooth-teeth1、One______ofMike’swashurtintheaccidentyesterday.A.tooth  B.feet  C.hand  D.ear       2、Thelittlebabyhastwo_______already.A.tooth  B.tooths  C.teeth  D.teeths   3.Thecatcaughttwo______lastnight.A.mouses   B.mice   C.mouse   D.mices4、TheJapanese____willnotleaveChinauntilshefinishesherstudy.A.woman   B.women   C.man   D.men5、Theboyoftenbrusheshis_____beforehegoestobed.A.tooth   B.tooths   C.teeth   D.teeths7\n课后习题I.写出下列名词的复数形式：1.house_________2.village___________3.map__________4.orange_________5.bag___________6.exercise___________7.brush__________8.family___________9.bus___________10.city__________11.box___________12.baby__________13.class__________14.factory_________15.glass__________16.dictionary__________17.watch_________18.woman_________19.match__________20.man_________21.wish__________II.选择填空：1.Iwanttobuy________.A.twobottlesofinkB.twobottleofinkC.twobottleofinksD.twobottlesofinks2.Theydon’thavetodo_______today.A.muchhomeworkB.manyhomeworksC.manyhomeworkD.muchhomeworks3.Therearethree______andseven______inthepicture.A.cows,sheepsB.cows,sheepC.cow,sheepD.cow,sheeps4.June1is_______.A.children’sdayB.children’sDayC.Children’sDayD.Children’sday5.______roomisnexttotheirparents’.A.Kate’sandJoan’sB.Kate’sandJoanC.KateandJoan’sD.KateandJoan6.MissGreenisafriendof_______.A.Mary’smother’sB.Mary’smotherC.Marymother’sD.mother’sofMary7.Sheep_______whiteandmilk_______alsowhite.A.is,areB.are,isC.is,isD.are,are8.I’dliketohaveaglassofmilkand_______.A.twobreadsB.twopiecesofbreadsC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopieceofbread9.Many______aresingingoverthere.A.womanB.womenC.girlD.child10.Hebought_______.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoesC.twopairsofshoeD.twopairofshoe7\n7