初中英语定语从句课件(三) 14页

定语从句应注意的几个方面\n一、定语从句中宜用that，不宜用which的情况：在定语从句中，which和that在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样。\n１、被修饰的先行词为不定代词时，宜用that。Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.There'snothingthatcanbesaidaboutit.Doyoumeanthatonethatwasboughtyesterday?２、先行词被only,any,few,little,no,all,oneof,just,very等词修饰时，宜用that。Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.Youcantakeanyseatthatisfree.That'stheverywordthatiswronglyused.Thisisoneofthepresentsthatmyboyfriendgavemeonmybirthday.\n３、先行词时序数词或被序数词修饰时，宜用that。WhenwetalkaboutWuxi,thefirstthatcomesintomindisTaiLake.Thisisthethirdfilmthathasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.４、先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时，宜用that。Themostimportantthingthatshouldbedonenowishowtostophimfromgoingon.\n５、先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不合适，这时宜用that。Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywellknown.Thebikeanditsriderthathadrunoveranoldwomanwereheldupbythepolice.６、被修饰词为数词时。YesterdayIcaughttwofishandtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.\n７、如有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.８、主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词。There'sstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.９、被修饰成分为表语，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。That'sagoodbookthatwillhelpyoualot.\n二、定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that的情况１、当关系代词前面有介词时。Azooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.IsthistheroominwhichMrWhitelives?２、在非限制性定语从句中。Crusoe'sdog,whichwasnowveryold,becameillanddied.\n３、在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个从句的关系代词用了that，另一个宜用which。LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.４、当关系代词后面带有插入语时。HereistheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.\n三、定语从句中宜用who而不宜用that的情况１、先行词为one,ones,anyone或those时。ThepersonIwanttolearnfromisonewhostudieshardandworkswell.Anyonewhofailedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.Thosewhoarenotfitfortheirworkshouldleaveofficeatonce.２、在Therebe结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。There'sagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.Thereareseveralstudentsinourclasswhoarestillnotsureabouttheuseofattributiveclause.\n３、当先行词有较长的后置定语时。ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChinesewell.４、一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个则宜用who以避免重复。Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday‘smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.\n四、that可用作关系副词代替when。１、that有时可用来代替when，引导一个定语从句，修饰表示时间的名词如day,time,moment等。Iarrivedheretheday(when/that)heleft.October1,1949wasthedaywhen/thatthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.Heworkedhardthewholetime(when/that)helivedhere.Hehurriedintotheairportthemoment(when/that)theplanewasabouttotakeoff.\n五、关系代词as和whichas和which所代表的都是整个句子所表示的内容。有两点不同之处：１、在形式上as引导的非限制定语从句可位于主句后面，也可位于主句之前；而which引导的非限制定语从句只能位于主句之后，不能位于主句的前面。２、在意义上，as定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正......”，“就象.....”，而which定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which从句是对主句的评论。因此，在意思通顺的情况下，which可代替as，而as许多时候不能代替which。Hewaslateagain,as/whichwehadexpected.=Aswehadexpected,hewaslateagain.\n五、关系代词as和whichas和which所代表的都是整个句子所表示的内容。有两点不同之处：１、在形式上as引导的非限制定语从句可位于主句后面，也可位于主句之前；而which引导的非限制定语从句只能位于主句之后，不能位于主句的前面。２、在意义上，as定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正......”，“就象.....”，而which定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which从句是对主句的评论。因此，在意思通顺的情况下，which可代替as，而as许多时候不能代替which。Hewaslateagain,as/whichwehadexpected.=Aswehadexpected,hewaslateagain.\nGood-bye