上海高考英语-中译英专项讲解练习 (答案版) 5页

中译英专项讲解 ‎ 该题型全面地考查学生英语词汇、语法等知识的综合运用能力，它对学生的动词时态、语态、名词的单复数、冠词、形容词、副词、介词等应用能力，还对学生的词组、句型、句子结构等进行了全面考查。翻译不仅在高考英语主观题中占不小的比例，而且翻译能力还直接影响考生在作文中的表现。‎ 一、高考评分标准: ‎ ‎ 1．每题中单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误每两处扣一分； ‎ ‎ 2．语法错误（包括时态错误）每处扣一分； ‎ ‎ 3．译文没用所给的单词扣一分。‎ 例：据说新的微博用户注册时必须用实名的原因是保护网民的利益和提高网络的可信度。(register)‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________‎ It is said that the reason why new users of micro-blog must use real names when they are registering is to protect web users’ interests and improve credibility of Internet.‎ 二、考查要点总结 I、词的特殊用法：accessible, available, arrange, convenient等 ‎　 1：他忘了带阅读证，进不了图书馆。（accessible）‎ ‎1：He forgot to bring the reading card, so the library was not accessible to him.‎ ‎ 2：我已安排好一辆车去车站接他们。（arrange）‎ ‎2：I have arranged for a car to pick you them up at the railway station.‎ ‎ 3：如果你方便的话，请帮我去邮局寄一些包裹。（convenient）‎ ‎3：If it is convenient to you, please go to the post office to send these parcels for me.‎ II、动词语态问题：谓语动词及非谓语动词都应注意语态问题 ‎ 4：这里的菜烧得很好，还有免费蛋糕供应。(provide)‎ ‎4：The dishes are well cooked here and free cakes are provided.‎ ‎　 5：应该更加强调培养学生的实际运用能力。‎ ‎5：Great emphasis should be put on cultivating students’ practical ability. ‎ ‎ 6：我们必须对这里正在讨论的一些事情保密。(discuss)‎ ‎6：We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.‎ ‎ 7：应该鼓励年轻人按照自己的特长选择职业。（encourage）‎ ‎7：The young people/ youngsters should be encouraged to choose their careers according to/ based on their own strong points/ strengths.‎ III、选择正确的词语搭配，主要是介词的选择问题和be + p.p. + prep.结构 ‎ 8：我不需要买新车，我的那辆旧车还很好。(condition)‎ ‎8：I don’t need to/needn’t buy a new car as my old one is still in good condition.‎ ‎ 9：我忘了提醒他面试的时间。（remind）‎ ‎9：I forgot to remind him of the time for the interview.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 10：我对学生所谈论的电子产品一无所知，我发现自己落伍了。（ignorant）‎ ‎10：Being ignorant of the electronic products the students are talking about，I find myself left behind/ outdated/ out of date. ‎ be + p.p.+ prep.结构：‎ ‎ be involved in, be qualified for, be equipped with, be concerned about, be based on, be addicted to, be amazed at, be regarded as, be engaged in等 ‎ ‎ ‎ 11：市长非常关心市民不遵受交通对择地问题。（concern）‎ ‎11：The mayor is much concerned about the problem of the citizens’ disobeying the traffic regulations.‎ IV 特殊句式： it做形式主语和宾语，强调句型，倒装句，the reason why… is that …, it (never) occurs to me that…, it’s said that…, not…but …等 ‎ 12：我迟到的原因是他们没通知我开会的时间。（inform）‎ ‎12：The reason why I was late was that they had not informed me of the time of the meeting.‎ ‎ 13：重要的不是你说了什么，而是你做了什么。（matter）‎ ‎13：It’s not what you said but what you did that matters.‎ ‎ 14：据报道，这种野生植物含有丰富的维生素。(It…)‎ ‎14：It is reported that this wild plant is rich in/contains/has a lot of vitamins.‎ ‎　 15：我从未想到这种事竟然会发生在他的身上。（occur）‎ ‎15：It never occurred to me that such a thing should happen to him. ‎ ‎ 16：汽车、无线电、电影、速冻食品、电冰箱，这些东西在过去的30年中得到了广泛的应用，这简直令人难以置信。（It…）‎ ‎16：It is hard to believe that automobiles, radios, motion pictures, frozen foods and electric refrigerator have come into common use within thirty years.‎ ‎　 17：学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。（it）‎ ‎17：The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.‎ V、句子的逻辑关系：汉语里两个并列句可能存在潜在的修饰，目的，因果，结构等逻辑关系，翻译时，要使用这种逻辑关系，使句子更连贯。‎ ‎ 18：我为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们写在圣诞贺卡上。（impress）‎ ‎18：I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card. ‎ ‎ 19：人们对于那些乐于帮助他人脱离险境的人总是满怀感激之情。（grateful）‎ ‎19：People are always grateful to those who are ready to help others out of danger.‎ ‎ 20：Muji的产品设计精美、品质优良、价格公道，深受年轻人的欢迎。(popular)‎ ‎20：Muji’s products are good in design, high in quality and reasonable in price, so it is very popular with young people.‎ VI、长句的翻译：第五题属于长句翻译，翻译时，要“先主干，再细节”。理清句子的成分，先确定框架，再添砖加瓦。‎ ‎ 21：绝大多数的医疗专家持有相同的看法，即防止该疾病传播最有效的方法是用肥皂和水洗手。（prevent）‎ ‎21：Most medical experts share the same opinion that the most effective way to prevent the spread of the disease /prevent the disease from spreading is (for people) to wash (their) hands with soap and water.‎ ‎ 22：为追求时尚而付出高昂代价的人应该尽早改变这种生活方式。（those）‎ ‎22：Those who follow fashion at the great cost should change their lifestyle as soon as possible.‎ ‎ 23：出国学习会使学生受益匪浅，但是他们也有可能会面临一系列前所未有的挑战。（likely）‎ ‎23：Studying abroad/ Going abroad for further studies benefits/ (will/ may) benefit students a lot, but they are likely to face/be faced with a series of challenges which are greater than ever (before).‎ ‎ 24：一项新披露的调查表明网络最吸引人之处在于它能让网民及时了解世界大事。(inform)‎ ‎24：A newly-released/ newly-reveled survey shows/ suggests/ indicates that the biggest attraction of the Internet is that it keeps/ makes net citizens（netizens）/ people who surf the Internet informed of the world events.‎ 三、检查，避免小错误失分 ‎1. 检查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。‎ ‎　　完成翻译后，首先要检查句子中的动词前后时态是否一致，语态为主动还是被动是否符合中文翻译的要求，以及动词的单复数是否与主语相符。这是翻译中得分的重点。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎2. 检查非谓语动词。‎ ‎　　现在的翻译中经常会出现使用非谓语的情况，句子中一旦出现了非谓语，学生就要特别注意是否正确使用了-ing，-ed和to do的结构，以及可能出现的独立主格等非谓语中的重点方面。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎3. 检查动词的搭配。‎ ‎　　检查句子中的动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，如果是不及物动词，则要注意是否搭配了相应的介词。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎4. 检查名词的单复数。‎ ‎　　注意名词在中英文中的不同理解，特别是一些集合名词，理解它们用单数来表达复数的特征。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎5. 检查句型的使用。‎ ‎　　检查常用句型的使用，特别是一些连接词、强调句、倒装句等等。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎6. 检查句子的完整性。 ‎ ‎ 翻译后，尤其要检查译句中的主干以外的修饰语是否完整，比如说定语，时间状语和地点状语等等。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎7. 检查中英文的一致。‎ ‎　　检查英语译句是否正确地表达了中文的意思，是否错误地把主观的想法加诸在翻译中。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎8. 检查单词的拼写和大小写。‎ ‎　　英语单词拼写复杂，翻译时，搞错一个字母，就会导致单词拼写失误，学生需要加强记忆。句子首字母大写，学生基本不会忘记，但也要注意翻译中出现的一些专有名词或特别称谓的首字母大写。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎9. 检查标点符号。‎ ‎ 英语的标点符号，与汉语的有同有异。但有些学生平时在作业时，非常粗心，使用混乱，这就导致了在最后的考试里被扣分。特别是平日里，比较多练习的翻译都是陈述句，一旦遇到疑问句，多数学生会忘记写上问号。尽管一个标点符号只有半分，但我想，在高考中，任何由疏忽所造成的扣分都是该避免。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎ 综上所述，要想做好中译英试题，考生了解、掌握一定的方法和技巧及注意事项是必不可少的。实际上，只要能在平时的英语学习中注重对英语基础知识的积累，并且做个有心人（随时留意英语与汉语的异同点，作好储备工作），再进行一定量的训练，考生就一定能在“中译英”方面取得优异成绩。‎ 专项练习 1． 直到回到家她才发现把自行车钥匙忘在了办公室里了。（not …until）‎ 2． 众所周知， 计算机在我们的日常生活和工作中起着重要的作用。( play )‎ 3． 众所周知，成功属于那些勤奋工作的人。（It）‎ 4． 我们发现很难赶上科技领域的迅速发展。(… it … )‎ 5． 我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。（… it …）‎ She didn’t find she had left the key to the bicycle in her office until she went back home.‎ It’s well known that the computer plays an important part in our daily life and work.‎ It is well known that success belongs to those who are hardworking.‎ We find/found it difficult to keep up with the rapid development in the field of science and technology.‎ I find it (is) hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinion.‎ 6． 给我印象最深的是她的微笑。(impress)‎ 7． 只有到了那时，汤姆才承认自己的错误。(Only )‎ 8． 正是怀特先生负责这个项目。( It)‎ 9． 在电脑的帮助下，解这道题只需花你几秒钟的时间。（take）‎ 10． 毫无疑问，假期免通行费(toll)政策有许多明显的优点。（there is no doubt…）‎ What impressed me most was her smile.‎ Only then did Tom admit that he was wrong..‎ It is Mr White who is responsible for this project.‎ It will take only a few seconds for you to solve this problem with the help of a computer.‎ There is no doubt that there are many obvious advantages of the holiday toll-free policies.‎ 1． 你熟悉的词越多，你越会发现比较容易理解一篇文章的内容和意义。（the more…）‎ 2． 他们答应无论发生什么，他们都会完成这项艰巨的任务。(whatever)‎ 3． 我从来没想到你能干这种事。(occur)‎ 4． 他们成功的原因在于他们能从错误中学到很多。 (the reason for)‎ 5． 他体质差的原因是他不太注意饮食和休息。 (the reason )‎ The more words you are familiar with, the easier you will find it to learn the content and meaning of an article.‎ They promise that whatever will happen, they will finish this difficult task.‎ It never occurred to me that you could do such a thing.‎ The reason for their success is that they can learn a lot from their mistakes The reason for his poor health was that he didn’t pay enough attention to his diet and rest.‎ 6． 她没有参加昨晚的聚会是因为没有人告知她。 （inform）‎ 7． 快点，要不然我们就要错过火车了。 (or)‎ 8． 跟她解释这事没用，因为她太年轻，理解不了。（no use）‎ 9． 他一登上飞机，就发现他的手表不见了。 (No sooner…)‎ 10． 那些不会操作电脑或不会讲英语的人是不能胜任这份工作的。 (qualify)‎ The reason why she didn’t attend the party last night was that nobody had informed her of it.‎ Hurry up, or we will miss the train.‎ It’s no use explaining this matter to her, for she is too young to understand it.‎ No sooner had he boarded the plane than he found his watch missing.‎ Those who can’t operate the compute or speak English are not qualified for this job.‎ 11． 他开始做他的功课已两个小时了，可到现在还没完成他的所有作业。(since, so far)‎ 12． 无论计算机如何普及，有些工作必须有人来做。 (no matter how)‎ 13． 飞机飞得越高，我们越看不清楚。 (the more)‎ It is two hours since he started to do his homework, but so far he hasn’t finished all the homework yet.‎ No matter how popular computers are, some work must be done by men..‎ The higher the plane flies, the less clearly we can see.‎