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高考一轮复习英语语法专项十八冠词

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‎2012届高考一轮复习语法专项十八:冠 词 ‎(一)考纲要求 ‎ 考纲规定,冠词考查基本用法,包括定冠词与不定冠词,不定冠词a与an的区别;不用冠词的情况;习语中的冠词;特指与泛指等。‎ ‎(二)命题导向 冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点,几乎每年高考题的单项选择或完形填空都有涉及冠词的题目,不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法,习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。‎ ‎(三)基本用法 ‎ 当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词(即不用冠词)三种。冠词是一种虚词,起限定作用,是最主要最典型的限定词,放在名词(或名词化的形容词分词)前面,说明其所指的人或物。‎ ‎ 1、定冠词的基本用法:‎ ‎ ① 表示上文提到过的人或事物。如:I have bought a book. The book is very useful.‎ ‎② 用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如:Close the window, please.‎ ‎③ 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如:the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。‎ ‎④ 用于表示方位的名词之前。如:the east, the right.‎ ‎⑤ 用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如:the first, the tallest.‎ ‎⑥ 用于形容词之前,使其名词化。如:the sick, the wounded.‎ ‎⑦ 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如:the United States, the United Nation.‎ ‎⑧ 用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如:the Changjiang River, the East Lake.‎ ‎⑨ 用于复数姓氏之前,表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如:The Smiths ‎⑩ 用于乐器的名词前。如:play the piano; play the violin.‎ ‎⑾ 发明物。如:The compass was invented in China. ‎ ‎⑿ 年代名词前。如:He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.   ⒀ 固定词组中。如:in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time ‎2、不定冠词的基本用法:‎ ‎① 泛指一个。如:There is a book on the table.‎ ‎② 指人或事物的某一种类。如:His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea.‎ ‎③ 指某一个人或事物,但不具体说明。如:My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.‎ ‎④ 用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前,表示“每一”。如:We have meals three times a day.(我们一天吃三餐。)‎ ‎⑤ 表示同样的。如:They are of an age.(他们是同岁。)‎ ‎⑥ 表数量,相当于one,但语意较弱。如:There is a pen and two books on the desk.   ⑦ 使抽象名词具体化。如:The little girl is a help to her mother. (a hand译"帮手")   ⑧ 固定搭配。如:as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word ‎ ‎3、不用冠词的情况:‎ ‎① 表示总称的复数名词之前。如:Children love cartoons.(儿童喜欢卡通影片。)‎ ‎② 不含普通名词的专有名词前。如:We are studying English.‎ ‎③ 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如:I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.‎ ‎④ 季节、月份、星期等名词前,一般不用冠词。如:She likes spring most.‎ ‎⑤ 呼语前不用冠词。如:What shall I do next, Mother?‎ ‎⑥ 三餐饭前不用冠词。如:What did you have for lunch?‎ ‎⑦ 节假日前不用冠词。如:People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.‎ ‎⑧ 球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如:She is fond of playing basketball.‎ ‎⑨ 在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如:arm in arm(手挽手); hand in hand(手牵手); side by side(肩对肩); day and day(日日夜夜); young and old(老老少少); from door to door(挨门挨户); from beginning to end(从头到尾); from morning till night(从早到晚)等。‎ 练习(一)、冠 词 ‎1. In America, ____ car is ____ popular means of transportation(交通设施).‎ ‎ A. the, the B. a, the C. the, / D. the, a ‎2. ---- What happened? ---- They left in such ____ hurry that they forgot to lock ____ door.‎ ‎ A. a, a B. a, the C. /, the D. /, a ‎3. There were two small rooms in the house, ____ smaller of which served as ____ kitchen.‎ ‎ A. a, the B. the, a C. the, the D. a, a ‎4. I ordered ____ book some time ago. ____ book has arrived.‎ ‎ A. a, The B. the, A C. a, A D. /, The ‎5. Mr Smith is ____ European and his wife is ____ American.‎ ‎ A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a ‎6. Lesson 10 is ____ most difficult lesson, but it isn’t ____ most difficult lesson in Book One.‎ ‎ A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D. the, a ‎7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once ____ month. A. a B. an C. the D. every ‎8. He was absent because he had caught ____.‎ ‎ A. heavy a cold B. the heavy cold C. a heavy cold D. heavy cold ‎9. ____ water is ____ liquid. A. The, a B. A, a C. /, / D. /, a ‎10. In winter ____ people often hang up wet clothes near ____ fire.‎ ‎ A. /, / B. a, a C. /, a D. the, a ‎11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have ____ third try.‎ ‎ A. a B. the C. another D. other ‎12. He was a top student in the class, he often got ____ in English.‎ ‎ A. first B. a first C. second D. the second ‎13. ____ horse is ____ useful animal. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, an D. /, a ‎14. Tom left Shanghai in ____.‎ ‎ A. the summer 1995 B. summer 1995 C. 1995 the summer D. the summer of 1995‎ ‎15. ____ children here live ____ most happy life. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, / D. /, the ‎16. The soldier died during ____ World War I. A. the B. the first C. / D. a ‎17. In ____ Marx began to learn Russian.‎ ‎ A. a 1870 B. 1870s C. the year of 1870 D. the 1870s ‎18. Alice is ____ of the two girls. A. taller B. the tall C. more tall D. the taller ‎19. ---- Can your sister play ____? ---- No, but she can play ____.‎ ‎ A. the tennis, the piano B. tennis, piano C. the tennis, piano D. tennis, the piano ‎20. The introduction is always in ____ of a book. ‎ A. front B. the front C. a front D. instead ‎21. She touched her daughter gently ____ shoulder.‎ ‎ A. in her B. on her C. in the D. on the ‎22. Both ____ wounded and ____ sick were sent to safety.‎ ‎ A. /, / B. the, the C. /, the D. the, /‎ ‎23. ____ doctors and ____ nurses should care for their patients.‎ ‎ A. The, the B. /, / C. The, / D. /, the ‎24. Tell us the story as ____ Mother told you. A. a B. the C. an D. /‎ ‎25. Do you know how long ____ has lived on the earth? ‎ A. man B. the man C. a man D. men ‎26. The man was once thrown into ____ prison for robbing the bank. A. a B. an C. the D./‎ ‎27. ____ Mount Tai is in the east of China. A. A B. The C. / D. That ‎28. I like ____ history. I am studying ____ history of China.‎ ‎ A. the, / B. /, the C. a, / D. /, a ‎29. He wrote a letter ____ pencil. A. with B. in C. in a D. use a ‎30. On October 1, the Chinese people celebrated ____ with new achievements and victories.‎ ‎ A. National Day B. the National Day C. our National Day D. a National Day 练习(二)、冠 词 ‎1. ---You mean you know the man?  ---I know________ man exactly like him.    A. other   B. the   C. /   D. a 2. Wouldn't it be_________ wonderful world if all nations live in ________peace with one another?    A. a, /   B. the, /   C. a, the  D. the, the 3. ---I hear that as many as 1,500 people were killed in the earthquake.  ---Yes, ________ news came as ________ shock to us.    A. a, a   B. the, a   C. /, /   D. /, a 4. At midnight they reached ________ small village ________ east of ______ Everwhite Mountain.    A. a,/, the   B. a,/, /   C. the, the, the  D. the, an, an 5. Nanjing lies on ________ Changjiang River and has ________ population of more than four million.    A. the, the   B. the, /   C. the, a  D. /, a 6. Bill Clinton took ________ office on January 20th, 1993 and left ________ office on January 20th, 2001.    A. /, /   B. his, his   C. the, the  D. an, his 7. We learn to go all out to work for ____ good of ____ society.    A. the, /   B. /, /   C. /, a   D. the, the 8. Paris is ____ most beautiful city, where you can see ____ famous Eiffel Tower.    A. a, the   B. a, /   C. the, a  D. the, the 9. ---What about ____ bike? ---Do you think it all right to buy him ____ bike as ____ birthday present?    A. the, the, the  B. a, the, a   C. the, a, the  D. the, the, a 10. He had decided to give it up, but on ____ second thoughts he decided to try ____ third time.    A. the, a   B. /, /   C. a, a  D. /, a 11. Towards ____ morning, ____ heavy rain began to fall.    A. the, a   B. a, a   C. the, /   D. the,‎ ‎ / 12. ---Excuse me, where are ____ books for biology?  ---Follow me. They' re on this shelf. Do you want ____ new or used book?    A. a, a   B. a, the   C. the, a   D. the, the 13. Young as he is, David has gained ____ rich experience in ____ society.    A. /, /   B. the, the   C. a, /   D./, the 14. ---My son is lost. Did you see a boy passing by?  ---I saw ____ boy hidden behind ____ tree over there. You may go and have a look.    A. a, a   B. the, the   C. a, the  D. the, a 15. Mary climbed to the top of the mountain in ____ hurry, looked down and found in ____ surprise that ____ whole town took on a new look.    A. a, the, the   B. a,/,the   C. /,/,the   D. /,/,a 16. In ____ old society many young women died by so curious and cruel ____ custom.    A. an, a   B. /, the   C. the, a   D. the, / 17. ---You' re sure to help me find ____ bed for my new house?  ---Sure, but not now. I'm heading for ____ bed and a good sleep.    A. a, a   B. the, a   C. a, /   D. the, /‎ ‎18. The wheel is thought to be _____ first invention of _____ transportation.    A. the, the   B. a, a   C. a, /   D. the, / 19. Some people say that ____ British are _____ funny people.    A. the, a   B. /, the   C. /, /   D. the, / 20. Don' t worry about _____ mistakes. They' re _____ natural part of learning.    A. /, a   B. the, /   C. /, the   D. the, the 21. ---Selma looks especially pretty tonight.   ---Yes, she always looks her best in _____ of that kind.    A. the dress   B. a dress   C. dress   D. the dresses 22. --- _____did you think of the exhibition?  ---Oh, it was ____ success.    A. How, really a B. What, great   C. How, /   D. What, quite a 23. The child had only _____ slight temperature, but the doctor regarded _____ illness as serious enough for ____ hospital ‎ treatment.    A. /,/,the   B. a,/,/   C. a, the,/  D. /,the, the 24. ---Did you have ____ wonderful time yesterday?    ---Yes. I was on _____ top of _____ world.    A. /, the, a   B. a, /, the   C. a, a, the   D. a, the, the 25. I don' t usually have _____ breakfast, but I always eat _____ good lunch.    A. /, /   B. /, a   C. the, /   D. /, the 26. ---I hear there'll be ____ talk on English study tomorrow morning.  ---Do you mean ____ speech our teacher asked us to listen to?    A. a, the   B. the, a   C. the, the   D. a, a 27. Mr. Stock runs _____ small business, who is in ____ Mexico on business.    A. a, a   B. /, /   C. a, the   D. a, / 28. Although _____ motor car has been with us for almost a century, I have never been able to drive_____ American one.    A. a, the   B. a, /   C. the, an  D. the, the 29. Xi'an was _____ starting point of _____ world-famous Silk Road.    A. /, /   B. a, a   C. the, /  D. the, the 30. ---What does "on _____one hand…on _____other" means?  ---What_____great fun! You're asking me such a simple question.    A. the, the, /   B. the, the, a   C. /, the, a  D. /, the, /‎ ‎31. Alexander Gramha Bell invented ____telephone in 1876. (MET1991)    A./;  B. a  C. the  D. one 32.After watching ____TV, she played ____violin for an hour.    A./;/  B. the ; the  C. the; /  D./;the 33. ---Where's jack ? ---I think he's still _____in bed, but he might just be in ____bathroom.   A./; /  B. the; the  C. the; /  D./; the 34.Many people are still in ___habit of writing silly things in ___public places.   A. the ; the  B./; /  C. the; /  D./; the 35.She is ___newcomer to ___chemistry but she has already made some important ‎ discoveries.    A. the; the  B. the ; /  C. a; /  D. a ; the 36.Wouldn't it be ___wonderful world if all nations lived in ___peace with one another?    A. a; / B. the; / C. a; the D. the; the 37.Many people agree that ___knowledge of English is a must in __international trade today.    A. a; /  B. the; an  C. the; the  D./;the 38. Paper money was in ___use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ___thirteenth century.    A. the ; /  B. the; the  C./; the  D./; / 39.It is not true in ___that people in ___fifties are going to university for further education .‎ A.90s; their  B. the 90s; /  C.90s; / D. the 90s; their 40.Most animals have little connection with ____animals of ___different kind unless they kill them for food.    A. the; a  B./; a  C. the ; the  D./; the ‎ ‎41.---Have you seen ___pen ? I left it here this morning.   ---Is it ___black one ?I think I saw it somewhere.(NMET1997 7)    A. a; the  B. the; the  C. the ; a  D. a; a 42.Summers in ___ south of France are for ___most part dry and sunny.    A./; a  B. the; /  C./; /  D. the ; the 43.I don't like talking on ____ telephone; I prefer writing _____letters.    A. a; the  B. the ;不填  C. the; the  D. was killing 44.Jumping out of ___airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ____exciting experience.(NMET 2002,26)    A./;the  B./;an  C. an; an  D. the; the ‎45. ---I don't like_____New York at all.  ---But this isn't_____ New York you remember.    A. the, the   B. /, the   C. the, /   D. /, a 冠 词 练习一、1~5 DBBAC 6~10 BACDC 11~15 ABBDB 16~20 CDDDB 21~25 DBBDA ‎ ‎26~30 DCBBA 练习二、1~5 DABAC 6~10 AAADD 11~15 ACACB 16~20 CCDAA 21~25 BDCBB ‎ ‎26~30 ADCDD 31~35 CDDCC 36~40 AACDB 41~45 DDBCB