2020版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（6）（含解析） 12页

‎2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（6）‎ 李仕才 A ‎(2017·陕西省高三质检)‎ Many people have bought insurance，either life or property(财产)，commercial or compulsory.Yet some people know little about it and some even misunderstand its nature and function.‎ Insurance is the sharing of risks.Nearly everyone is exposed to a risk of some sort.The house owner，for example, knows that his property can be damaged by fire；the shipowner knows that his ships may be lost at sea；the breadwinner knows that he may die at an early age and leave his family poorer.On the other hand，not every house is damaged by fire nor every ship is lost at sea. If these persons each put a small amount of money into a pool，there will be enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer losses.In other words，the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the many.This is the basis of insurance.Those who pay the contribution are known as the insured and those who manage the__pool__of__contributions as insurers.‎ The legal basis of all insurance is the policy.This is a printed form of contract on a piece of paper in best quality.It states that every year the insured shall pay an amount of money，which is called the premium；in return, the insurer will pay an amount of money or compensation for losses if the risk or event insured against actually happens.‎ The premium for insurance naturally depends upon how likely the risk is to happen，as suggested by past experience.If companies fix their premiums too high，there will be more competition in their area of insurance and they may lose business.On the other hand，if they make the premium too low，they will lose money and may even have to drop out of business.So the ordinary forces of supply and demand keep premiums at a level satisfactory to both the insurer and the insured.‎ ‎1．The underlined phrase in Para.2 most probably means________．‎ A．money paid by the insurers B．each premium 12‎ C．money paid by all those insured D． the cost of administering insurance ‎2．Insurance premiums do not become too high because________．‎ A．not many people insure themselves B．premiums depend on the risk of losses C．insurers have to be more competitive D．insurance companies can never lose money ‎3．According to the passage, insurance business gains profit because________．‎ A．more and more people buy insurance B．the firms have sound management C．the premium is increased year by year D．only a few of those insured suffer losses ‎4．The purpose of the passage is to________．‎ A．explain an insurance policy B．introduce insurance business C．persuade people to be insured D．warn people of possible losses ‎【解题导语】　本文主要对保险进行了简要介绍。‎ ‎1．C　解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段的“If these persons each put a small amount of money into a pool, there will be enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer losses.”可推知，the pool of contributions表示投保人所投的钱。‎ ‎2．C　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“If companies fix their premiums too high, there will be more competition in their area of insurance and they may lose business.”可知，保险公司也有竞争，因此保险费不能定得太高，否则就没有竞争力，也就意味着可能会失去业务，故选C。‎ ‎3．D　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的“On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire nor every ship is lost at sea.”“enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer losses”和“the losses of the few”可推知，保险公司获利是因为只有少部分投保人遭受意外风险。‎ ‎4．B　解析：写作意图题。文章第一段点题，再结合全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要介绍的是保险业务，故选B。‎ B 12‎ ‎(2015·呼和浩特第一次调研)‎ Many people may be surprised by the number of chemicals that they are exposed to through everyday household products.‎ In a study 25 women had their homes and bodies tested for 89 environmental pollutants—including pesticides(杀虫剂) and chemicals found in plastics and cleaning products. On average 20 chemicals were found on their bodies or in their homes.‎ Much is unknown about the possible health effects of chemicals in everyday household products. But certain chemicals—like phthalates (邻苯二甲酸盐) found in plastics—have been linked to potential health risks, including higher risks of certain cancers, though the evidence mainly comes from research on lab animals. Other household chemicals are known to harm the skin, eyes and airways—and may worsen asthma(哮喘). Many more chemicals found remain untested.‎ Chemicals likely come from a range of sources, so it is not always clear how to reduce people’s exposure, according to Dr Rebecca Altman, the lead researcher on the new study.‎ In the original study, she noted, women were given advice based on the particular chemicals they were exposed to—such as using fragrance, free washing liquid and personalcare products.‎ For the current study, Altman and her colleagues interviewed two dozen women who’d taken part in the previous study to see how they would react to information about their household chemical exposures. They found that the women were generally surprised at the range of chemicals found in their homes and bodies. They were also surprised that 12‎ ‎ even some banned things were found.‎ With many questions about the health effects of household chemicals unanswered, some experts worry ‎ that giving people information about their everyday exposures will cause unnecessary fear. However, the researchers found that the women in their study were typically not alarmed，and instead wanted “more rather than less” information on the issue.‎ ‎1．Which of the following statements about chemicals in household products is TRUE?‎ A．It is uncertain what effects some chemicals have on health.‎ B．Long term exposure to them is certain to cause a deadly illness.‎ C．In the study it was found that certain chemicals can cause cancers.‎ D．Some of them have bad effects on health, while some have good effects.‎ ‎2．The underlined word “airways” in Paragraph 3 most probably refers to ________．‎ A．things that look like fine threads growing in the body B．the passage running from your nose and throat to the lungs C．the passage between rows of rooms in a building D．the area just inside the front door of a building ‎3．Why is it not clear how to reduce exposure to chemicals?‎ A．Because all everyday products contain chemicals.‎ B．Because much is unknown about the sources.‎ C．Because measures have not been tested for their effects.‎ 12‎ D．Because chemicals come from a variety of sources.‎ ‎4．According to Dr Rebecca Altman，________．‎ A．women were more likely to be harmed by chemicals B．it is unnecessary to inform people about the study results C．fragrant products may contain harmful chemicals D． further study on everyday products should be done immediately ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，阐述了人们在日常生活中所使用的家居用品中所含的化学成分可能给人的健康带来的诸多影响。‎ ‎1．解析：选A。推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句“Much is unknown about the possible health effects of chemicals in everyday household products.”，该段最后一句“Many more chemicals found remain untested.”及文章最后一段第一句“With many questions about the health effects of household chemicals unanswered...”可知，目前家居用品所含的化学成分对人的健康的影响还有很多是不确定的。故答案选A。‎ ‎2．解析：选B。词义猜测题。首先，从构词法的角度来看，airways由air(空气)和ways(道路)构成。再根据其前所并列的skin，eyes可知，airways应该是身体的某组织或器官，再根据破折号后的“and may worsen asthma(哮喘)”可知，airways指的应是人的呼吸道。故答案选B。‎ ‎3．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Chemicals likely come from a range of sources，so it is not always clear how to reduce people’s exposure”可知，可能的化学污染源太多、太广，因此尚不清楚要如何减少化学物质对人们的危害。故答案选D。‎ ‎4．解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第五段“In the original study...given advice based on the particular chemicals they were exposed to—such as using fragrance，free washing...”可知，研究者们会根据妇女可能接触到的一些特殊的化学物质，如芳香剂、免费洗手液和其他个人护理产品提出一些建议。由此可知，有香味的产品可能会含有有害物质。故答案选C。‎ 12‎ C A recent research shows that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at the age of 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as interruptions in their daily routines.‎ In general, these “short sleepers” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or worked fullor parttime while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their family, friends and so on.‎ When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar situation, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.‎ The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients.‎ The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. The research shows that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally robbed of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers”．‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇研究报告。报告中对“睡眠少”的人和“睡眠多”的人进行了对比分析，研究出了他们睡眠时间不同的原因，及其在梦境回忆、性格特点等方面的差异。‎ ‎1．According to the report, ________.‎ A．many “short sleepers” needed less sleep before they were teenagers B．many “short sleepers” were forced to reduce their nightly sleep time C．many “long sleepers” were quite concerned when they slept 9 hours D．many “long sleepers” had kept their sleeping habits since childhood 答案：D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句“The research shows that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood.”可知，答案D符合文义。‎ ‎2．Many “short sleepers” were likely to hold the view that ________.‎ A．sleep could make people appear active and cheerful B．sleep was the least important on their daily routines 12‎ C．they were acceptable to all their friends and family D．they were less extreme than many mental patients 答案：B　推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as interruptions in their daily routines.”可推知，他们将睡眠看成日常生活的障碍，故答案B符合文义。‎ ‎3．It can be concluded from the third paragraph that ________.‎ A．“short sleepers” dealt with the psychological trouble themselves B．“short sleepers” were unwilling to face psychological problems C．“short sleepers” shortened the sleeping time because of pressures D．“short sleepers” would rather remember than forget their dreams 答案：B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句“In similar situation, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed...”可推知，答案B符合文义。‎ ‎4．What is the purpose of writing this passage?‎ A．To introduce the result of a recent research.‎ B．To advise people to sleep for a longer time.‎ C．To show the disadvantages of short sleeping.‎ D．To explain the advantages of long sleeping.‎ 答案：A　写作意图题。根据文章第一段的开篇点题和对文章的整体理解可知，本文是一篇研究报告，写作的主要目的是：介绍研究的成果，故答案A符合文义。‎ D ‎(2015·贵阳高三适应性监测考试)‎ Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver, I was driving to my parents’ home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station about 50 miles from Oklahoma City, where I was planning to visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cash register(收款机), I said hello to an old couple who were also paying for gas.‎ I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke began pouring from the back of my car. I stopped and wondered what I should do. A car pulled up behind me. ‎ 12‎ It was the couple I had spoken to at the gas station. They said they would take me to my friend’s. We chatted on the way into the city, and when I got out of the car, the husband gave me his business card.‎ I wrote him and his wife a thankyou note for helping me. Soon afterwards, I received a Christmas present from them. Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holidays meaningful.‎ Years later, I drove to a meeting in a nearby town in the morning. In the late afternoon I returned to my car and found that I’d left the lights on all day, and the battery was dead. Then I noticed that the Friendly Ford dealership—a shop selling cars—was right next door. I walked over and found two salesmen in the showroom.‎ ‎“Just how friendly is Friendly Ford？” I asked and explained my trouble. They quickly drove a pickup truck to my car and started it. They would accept no payment. When I got home, I wrote them a note to say thanks. I received a letter back from one of the salesmen. No one had ever taken the time to write him and say “thank you”， and it meant a lot, he said.‎ ‎“Thank you”—two powerful words. They’re easy to say and mean so much.‎ ‎1．Why did the writer get into the old couple’s car?‎ A．His parents were in the car. ‎ B．His car had broken down.‎ C．His friend told him to do so. ‎ D．His car’s oil had run out.‎ ‎2．From the text, we know that the old couple were ________．‎ 12‎ A．talkative B．brave ‎ C．kind D．lonely ‎3．What did the old couple think of helping the writer?‎ A．They could get a reward. ‎ B．It made their holiday worthy.‎ C．They did it by chance. ‎ D．It was due to a thankyou letter.‎ ‎4．What would be the best title for the text?‎ A．An Experience to Missouri ‎ B．An Old Couple C．A Meaningful Holiday ‎ D．A Meaningful Thankyou ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述两个自己在遇到困难时得到他人无私帮助的故事，说明了在接受帮助时表达感谢的重要性。‎ ‎1．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“black smoke began pouring from the back of my car”可知，作者的车出故障了，所以他才坐老夫妇的车。故答案选B。‎ ‎2．解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第二、三段可知，这对老夫妇让作者搭他们的车去见朋友，作者下车后，老夫妇还给了他一张名片，在作者寄去感谢信后，这对老夫妇给作者寄了一个圣诞礼物，由此可知，这对夫妇很善良。kind意为“善良的”，符合文意。故答案选C。talkative意为“健谈的”；brave意为“勇敢的”；lonely意为“孤独的”，均不符合文意。‎ ‎3．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holidays meaningful.”可知，这对老夫妇认为，帮助作者让他们的假期很有意义，这一切都是值得的。故答案选B。‎ 12‎ ‎4．解析：选D。标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文作者主要讲述了两个自己受到帮助的故事。每一次受到帮助后，作者都会通过写便条来表达自己对他们的感谢。“感谢”二字虽然说起来容易，但是意义重大。由此可知，D项“一个有意义的感谢”概括出了文章的主旨，最适合做这篇文章的标题。故答案选D。‎ E Fidel Castro was born at his father’s farm on August 13, 1926. His father, Angel Castro, was a migrant to Cuba from Galicia, Northwest Spain. He had become financially successful by growing sugarcane at Las Manacas farm in Biran, Oriente‎ ‎Province.‎ Aged six, Castro was sent to live with his teacher in Santiago be Cuba, before being baptized(洗礼)into the Roman Catholic Church at the age of eight. Being baptized enabled Castro to attend the la Salle boarding school in Santiago, where he regularly misbehaved, so he was sent to the privately funded Dolores School in Santiago. In 1945 he transferred to a more famous school, De Belen in Havana. Although Castro took an interest in history, geography and debating at Belen, he did not excel academically, instead devoting much of his time to playing sport.‎ In 1945, Castro began studying law at the University‎ of ‎Havana, where he became involved in student activism, and the violent gangsterism culture within the university. Passionate about anti-imperialism and opposing U.S.‎ interference in the Caribbean, he unsuccessfully campaigned for the presidency of the Federation of University Students on a platform of “honesty, decency and justice”. Castro became critical of the corruption and violence of President Ramon Grau’s government, delivering a public speech on the subject in November 1946 that received coverage on the front page of several newspapers.‎ In 1947, Castro joined the Party of the Cuban People, founded by Eduardo Chibas. Chibas advocated social justice, honest government, and political freedom, while his party exposed corruption and demanded reform. Though Chibas lost the election, Castro remained devoted to working on his behalf. Social situation becoming worse, Castor soon received a death threat urging him to leave the university; refusing, he began carrying a gun and surrounding himself with armed friends.‎ 12‎ ‎1.From paragraph 2, we know that Fidel Castro _______.‎ A. had no interest in history B. performed very well at school C. spend much time playing sport D. attended the La Salle boarding school before 8‎ ‎2.What is the right order of the following events related to Fidel Castro?‎ a. delivered a public speech b. entered the ‎University‎ of ‎Havana c. joined the Party of the Cuban People d. transferred to famous school, De Belen A. dbac B. abcd C. dabc D. acdb ‎3.Fidel Castro carried a gun at university_________‎ A.to catch people’s attention B.to hang out with friend for fun C.to get involved in the political activities D.to defend himself against the death threat ‎4.What does the passage mainly talk about?‎ A. the Party of the Cuban People B. Fidel Castro’s misbehavior at school C. Cuba’s political situations in the 1940s D. Fidel Castro’s early life and political activities ‎【文章大意】本文介绍了古巴革命领袖Fidel Castro的早期生活和政治活动。‎ ‎2.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句话“In 1945 he transferred to a more famous school, De Belen in Havana. ”可知d的时间为1945年；根据第三段第一句话中的“In 1945, Castro began studying law at the University of Havana”可知b的时间为1945年，且在d之后发生；根据第三段最后一句话中的“…, delivering ‎ 12‎ a public speech on the subject in November ‎1946”‎可知a发生于1946年；根据最后一段第一句话中的 “In 1947, Castro joined the Party of the Cuban People”可知c发生于1947年。正确顺序为dbac，故选A。‎ ‎4.D 【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文可知本文介绍了古巴革命领袖Fidel Castro的早期生活和政治活动，故选D。‎ 12‎