高考一轮复习高考英语语法综合训练5 8页

‎2019年高考一轮复习语法综合训练（五）‎ 一 语法填空 A 篇 ‎ 此卷只装订不密封 班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号 ‎ ‎【2019届贵州省遵义四中高三3月月考测试卷】‎ Leonardo da Vinci was an artist, scientist, and 41． (invent) during the Renaissance in Italy. The word “ renaissance” 42． (come) from Latin and means “to be born again”. The renaissance was a time 43．Europe started to develop its arts and sciences again. It 44． (last) from about the 1300s to the 1600s. 45． (bear) in 1452, da Vinci was one of the most famous men of this time. He is considered by many to be one of46．( talent) and intelligent people of all time. Have you heard of the term “renaissance man”? It means someone47．does many things very well. Originally, it48．(use) to describe Leonardo da Vinci’s many talents. Da Vinci is 49． (probable) most well known as a painter. Two of his paintings, and perhaps two of the most famous in the world, are the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. The Mona Lisa is a picture of a woman50．a meaningful smile. The Last Supper is about the famous Christian story.‎ ‎【解析】本文主要介绍了文艺复兴时期意大利的一位艺术家、科学家和发明家——达芬奇。‎ ‎41．达芬奇是文艺复兴时期意大利的一位艺术家、科学家和发明家。这里应该使用名词，所以填inventor。‎ ‎42．考查时态。由and means可判断出这里应该使用一般现在时，且The word “ renaissance”是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用单数，填comes。‎ ‎43．___3___Europe started to develop its arts and sciences again.作定语，修饰a time，所以___3___Europe started to develop its arts and sciences again.是一个定语从句，关系词在从句中作时间状语，所以填关系副词when。‎ ‎44．考查时态。表示发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以填lasted。‎ ‎45．考查固定用法。be born in出生于……，是固定用法，所以填Born。‎ ‎46．考查最高级。他被许多人认为是最有天赋和聪明的人之一。表示“最……”，用最高级，所以填the most talented。‎ ‎47．考查定语从句。___7___does many things very well.作定语，修饰someone，所以___7___does many things very well.是一个定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，所以填who。‎ ‎48．考查时态和语态。“它”和“用来”之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，且表示发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，综上所述，用一般过去时的被动语态，填was used。‎ ‎49．考查副词。修饰整个句子，用副词，所以填Probably。‎ ‎50．考查介词。《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画中，一位女士带着神秘的微笑。表示“带着…..”，用with。‎ B篇 ‎【2019届哈尔滨师范大学附属中学高三上学期期末考试】‎ As less people choose to make sugar paintings, the traditional Chinese folk craft might have become a 41． (distance) memory in some ways. However, a 38-year-old craftsman, Li Jiangzhong, is committed to 42． (keep) the art of sugar painting alive.‎ Li worked as 43． miner for more than ten years. After the mine closed down, Li turned 44． housing decoration, until he 45． (force) to give that up due to a finger 46． (injure). Earlier this year, he discovered sugar painting, something he really had an interest in.‎ Since there was no sugar painting craftsman in his village, he studied by 47． (he) through large quantities of videos and information on the Internet. He soon mastered the skill and could make a variety of sugar paintings. A sugar painting is made with 48． (melt) brown or white sugar. Craftsman 49． (normal) paint animals and flowers on a stone board with the syrup（糖浆）. When the sugar cools down, 50． appears is a piece of sugar craft.‎ ‎【解析】考查学生对基本语法的掌握以及对文章的理解。‎ 本文是记叙文，讲述38岁的李健忠回到老家继承中国传统文化，学习制作糖画的相关内容。‎ ‎41．考查词性转换。空处修饰名词memory，故用形容词distant“遥远的，久远的”。‎ ‎42．考查非谓语动词。38岁的手艺人李健忠致力于继承糖画艺术。be committed to中的to是介词，此处应用动名词。故用keeping。‎ ‎43．考查冠词。他做过十多年矿工。此处miner是可数名词表示泛指概念，故用a。‎ ‎44．考查介词。句意：矿井关闭之后，他转而去做房屋装修的工作了。 turn to“转向，转而做”。故用to。‎ ‎45．考查时态和语态。直到他因为手指受伤而被迫放弃。此处讲述过去的事情，故用一般过去时，且句子的主语和force之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故此空用was forced。‎ ‎46．考查词性转换。直到他因为手指受伤而被迫放弃。介词短语due to后应该用名词，故此空用injury。‎ ‎47．考查代词。由于他的村子里没有糖画手艺人，因此他自学（制作糖画)。by oneself是固定用法，表示“独自地，全靠自己地”study by oneself“自学”。 故此空用himself。‎ ‎48．考查非谓语动词。糖画通常是用褐色或白色的融化了的糖做的。糖是融化了的，故用过去分词作定语。故此空用melted。‎ ‎49．考查词性转换。手艺人们通常用糖浆在石板上画动物和花。用副词修饰动词，故此空用normally。‎ ‎50．考查主语从句。句意：当糖冷却之后，看起来就是一张糖画。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，表示“所…的东西”，故此空用what。‎ C篇 ‎【此卷只装订不密封 班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号 ‎ 2019届河北衡水中学高三考前适应性训练仿真模拟四】‎ Chrysanthemum (菊花) comes from China and was recorded in some Chinese books as early as the 5th century BC. The flower 41． (introduce) to Japan during the Tang Dynasty. It usually begins to ‎ bloom (开花) in the 9th lunar month, lending a festive atmosphere to Double Ninth Day. That’s why the month is also referred to 42． “the month of chrysanthemum”.‎ The flower has been favored by 43． (poet) through the ages, because it is one of the only flowers that bloom in late autumn. Du Fu, a great Tang Dynasty poet, wrote more than ten poems singing the praises of the flower.‎ Chinese people 44． (be) fond of enjoying chrysanthemum on Double Ninth Day long before. Chrysanthemum displays were usually held immediately after 45． day in some regions of China in the Qing Dynasty. People in Beijing began to stick chrysanthemums on doors and windows 46． (get) rid of the bad luck and bring in the good ones, 47． was an alteration (改变) of the custom of 48． (wear) chrysanthemum on people’s heads. At these displays family members accompany their elders to have a relaxing day in a natural atmosphere while wishing for good health and 49． (happy) for them. The displays are often 50． (live) with a sea of visitors.‎ ‎【解析】文章讲述了菊花的历史、文化及相关的一些活动及意义。‎ ‎41．was introduced.考查被动语态。句中主语The flower和动词introduce是被动关系，指这种花被介绍，在句中作谓语用被动语态，根据时间状语the Tang Dynasty.可知用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was introduced.‎ ‎42．as.考查介词。句意：这就是为什么九月被叫做菊花月的原因，表示作为，故填as.‎ ‎43．poets.考查名词。句中poet是可数名词，此处泛指古往今来的诗人们，用复数形式。故填poets.‎ ‎44．were.考查主谓一致。根据时间状语long before可知此处用过去时，与主语Chinese people保持一致用复数，故填were.‎ ‎45．the.考查冠词。此处是特指Double Ninth Day用定冠词，表示重阳节之后，故填the.‎ ‎46．to get.考查动词不定式。此处是不定式表目的，指人们把菊花贴在门窗上是为了摆脱坏运气，故填to get.‎ ‎47．which.考查定语从句。句中包含非限制性定语从句，用which引导指代前面句子，故填which.‎ ‎48．wearing.考查动词形式。句中介词of后用动词的-ing形式作宾语，故填wearing.‎ ‎49．happiness.考查名词。与and前的名词health并列也用名词，指健康和幸福，故填happiness.‎ ‎50．lively.考查形容词。此处是形容词作表语，指这种展览有大量的游客是生气勃勃的，故填lively.‎ 二 短文改错 此卷只装订不密封 班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号 ‎ A篇 此卷只装订不密封 班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号 ‎ ‎【此卷只装订不密封 班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号 ‎ 2019届贵州省遵义四中高三3月月考测试卷】‎ Dear Eric,‎ I’m Li Hua. With deepest gratitude, I write you this letter to express my thanks to the great efforts you have made to help me go on with my studies.‎ Half a year ago, unfortunately, my father was serious injured, that made our family even worse ‎ off. Face with all debts, in spite of my excellent perform at school, I had no choice but leave school. Having known my situation by the chance, you made a decision to sponsor me for my study. What you offers me is not only money but also the opportunity to approach more knowledge. Without your help, I couldn’t be studying in the classroom now.‎ It’s generous of you to show me so many consideration. I hope I can reward your kindness before I graduate from university.‎ Yours sincerely,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】1. thanks to ---- for 2. serious ---- seriously 3. that made…---- which ‎ ‎4. Face ---- Faced 5. perform ---- performance 6. but ︿leave ---- to ‎ ‎7. by the chance ---- by chance 8. offers ---- offer 9. so many consideration ----much ‎ ‎10. before ---- after ‎【解析】本文作者表达了自己对Eric给予自己帮助的感谢之情，并希望从大学毕业以后，可以回报Eric的善良。‎ 考查介词。因为你在帮助我的学习方面，做出了巨大的努力，所以我写这封信向你表达我的感谢。表示“因为……”，所以用for，thanks to ---- for。‎ 考查副词。修饰形容词injured，用副词，所以serious ---- seriously。‎ 考查非限制性定语从句。which made our family even worse off.修饰整个主句内容，所以which made our family even worse off.是一个非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用which，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，that made…---- which。‎ 考查固定用法。be faced with面对，是固定用法，所以Face ---- Faced。‎ 考查名词。介词of之后用名词，所以perform ---- performance。‎ 考查固定用法。but其后常跟不定式作宾语，but之前有do，but之后不带to，but之前没有do，but之后要带to，所以but ︿leave ---- to。‎ 考查固定短语。by chance偶然，是固定短语，所以by the chance ---- by chance。‎ 考查主谓一致。在一般现在时中，主语you不是第三人称单数，所以offers ---- offer。‎ 考查固定用法。so many修饰可数名词，so much修饰不可数名词，所以so many consideration ----much。‎ 考查连词。我希望我从大学毕业以后，可以回报你的善良。表示“在……之后”，用after，所以before ---- after。‎ 名师点睛：小题3考查非限制性定语从句。‎ 一、非限制性定语从句的概念 ‎ ‎　　非限制性定语从句对先行词仅起到附加修饰或说明的作用， ‎ 有时对整个主句或主句的部分内容作进一步的说明。若去掉它， 整个主句的意思不受影响。例如： ‎ ‎　　Next winter, which you will spend in Harbin, I’m sure, will be another exciting holiday． ‎ ‎　　可以肯定，你将要去哈尔滨度过的下个冬天， 将会是又一个令人兴奋的假期。 ‎ ‎　　I walked in our garden, where Tom and Jimmy were tying a big sign onto one of the trees． ‎ ‎　　我在我们的花园里漫步，在这里汤姆和吉米正把一块大标志牌绑在一棵树上。 ‎ 二、非限制性定语从句的形式 ‎ 非限制性定语从句与先行词以及主句之间的关系不甚紧密，因而通常要用逗号与主句分隔开。例如： ‎ Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is world famous? ‎ 你看过“泰坦尼克号”这部电影吗？它的男主演可是世界闻名的。 ‎ My friend, who has served on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month． ‎ ‎　我有位朋友，他一辈子服务于国际奥林匹克委员会，下个月就要退休了。 ‎ ‎　　 三、非限制性定语从句引导词的特殊情况 ‎ ‎　　1．非限制性定语从句不可用that引导， 在非限制性定语从句中用who(作主语) / whom(作宾语)指人，用which(作主语 / 宾语)指物， 用whose作定语(指人 / 物)。例如： ‎ ‎　　The famous basketball star, who tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention． ‎ ‎　　这位试图打反击的著名篮球明星吸引了众人的关注。 ‎ ‎　　The film, whose director is an old man, is very instructive． ‎ ‎　　这部电影很有教育意义， 它的导演是位老人。 ‎ ‎　　2．关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可省略，若指人时，只用whom，不用 who。例如： ‎ ‎　　York, which I visited last year, is a nice old city． ‎ ‎　　我去年访问过的约克是个古老而美丽的城市。 ‎ ‎　　Please give the book to Jessica, whom we met in the hall just now． ‎ ‎　　请把这本书交给杰西卡，就是刚才我们在大厅里遇到的那位。 ‎ ‎　　3．非限制性定语从句不可用why引导， 需用for which替代why。例如： ‎ ‎　　None of us accepted the reason he explained, for which he was absent． ‎ ‎　　我们没有一个人接受他所解释的缺席的理由。‎ B篇 ‎【2019届哈尔滨师范大学附属中学高三上学期期末考试】‎ Recently, as the development of the Internet, there is a kind of language calling the Web Language. The other day our class have a discussion about if we should welcome the Web Language. Forty percent of students think it ridiculous. In their opinions, it can’t help people communicating, nor is it useful for learning English. Besides, it will make Chinese more standard, finally ruining our ‎ mother tongue. However, 60% of our class are fond of it. They think it simple, convenient and helpful in expressing themselves. Personally, I don’t think that a good habit to use the Web Language. It may be popular, but you may also make yourself be misunderstood.‎ ‎【答案】1. as→with 2. calling→called 3. have→had 4. if→whether 5. forty percent of后面加the ‎6. opinions→opinion 7. communicating→communicate 8. more→less 9. that→it 10. yourself后的be去掉 ‎【解析】1.考查介词。with the development of随着…的发展。故as→with。‎ ‎2.考察后置定语。句意：有一种叫做网络语言的语言。这里名词language后接后置定语，用过去分词表示与名词的被动关系。故calling→called。‎ ‎3.考查时态。句意：前几天，我们班进行了一次讨论，关于是否欢迎网络语言。根据本句的时间状语The other day可知用一般过去时。故have→had。‎ ‎4.考查宾语从句。介词about后接宾语从句，引导词表示“是否”，用whether。故if→whether。‎ ‎5.考查冠词。句意：我们班百分之四十的学生认为这种语言很荒唐。讨论是在我们班进行的，故学生应特指。故在forty percent of后面加the。‎ ‎6.考查固定结构。句意：他们认为，网络语言不能帮助交流，对于学习英语也没有用。in one's opinion据某人看来，根据某人的看法。in their opinion在他们看来。故opinions→opinion。‎ ‎7.考查固定结构。help sb do 帮助某人做某事。故communicating→communicate。‎ ‎8.考查对句意的理解。句意：此外，它会让汉语更不标准，最终毁坏我们的母语。根据句意可知more→less。‎ ‎9.考查形式宾语。句意：就个人而言，我认为使用网络语言并不是一个好的习惯。此句谓语动词think后用形式宾语it加宾语补足语的结构，真正的宾语是不定式to use the Web Language。故that→it。‎ ‎10.考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句意：网络语言可能很受欢迎，但是你可能会让自己被误解。根据句意可知make yourself misunderstood使自己被误解。过去分词misunderstood作宾语补足语。故yourself后的be去掉。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 过去分词做定语：过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。过去分词作定语时，所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语，过去分词相当于谓语。过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，已经完成并具有被动意义。有时也不表示时间性。作定语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来，因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。例如：‎ ‎ He is a teacher loved by his students. 他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。‎ 也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。例如：fallen leaves 落叶 retired workers 退休工人 the risen sun 升起的太阳 下面是几种过去分词作定语的情况：‎ ‎1.单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。例如：‎ We needed much more qualified workers. 我们需要更多的合格的工人。‎ My friend is a returned student. 我的朋友是个归国的留学生。‎ 单个分词也可以作后置定语，用以强调动作。例如：‎ They decided to change the material used. 他们决定更换使用的材料。‎ ‎2.过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如：‎ The student dressed in white is my daughter. =The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.‎ 穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。‎ ‎3.如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如：‎ Is there anything unsolved? 还有没解决的问题吗？‎ There is nothing changed here since I left this town.自从我离开这个城镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。‎ ‎4. 单个过去分词前加一名词或副词，常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词，放在其修饰的名词前，作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或行为主体，所加的副词表示方式、时间、程度、性质等意义。例如：‎ This is a state-owned factory. 这是一家国营工厂。‎ This is our school-run factory. 这是我们的校办工厂。‎ ‎5.作前置定语的某些动词的过去分词的形式与作谓语或表语的过去分词的形式往往不一样。例如：‎ We lit the candle and the candle lit up the room. 我们点着蜡烛，蜡烛照亮房间。‎ There is a lighted candle on the table. 桌上有一支点着的蜡烛。‎ C篇 ‎【此卷只装订不密封 班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号 ‎ 2019届河北衡水中学高三考前适应性训练仿真模拟四】‎ Yesterday I went to see a film with my best friend. We set off at 1:30 in the afternoon and plan to arrive at the cinema before 2:30 so that we could watch the 3:15 show. The traffic was terrible bad. That made it even worse was that our bus broke up on the way. They stopped a taxi but rushed to the cinema, arriving ten minutes before the show. “Two ticket for 3:15,” Kate said, put the money on the courier. The film started at the moment we sat down in the cinema. It was an exciting film and we had great time yesterday afternoon.‎ ‎【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和朋友去电影院路上堵车，公交车出故障，最后匆忙赶到电影院的故事。‎ ‎1.考查动词时态。根据时间状语Yesterday可知是过去发生的事，与句中所给时态一致也用一般过去时，故plan→planed.‎ ‎2.考查副词。此处修饰形容词bad用副词，指非常糟糕，故terrible→terribly.‎ ‎3.考查主语从句。此处是主语从句，指使情况更差的事，用what引导，故That→What.‎ ‎4.考查副词。此处表示我们坐的公交车出故障了，表示“出故障”用break down，故up→down.‎ ‎5.考查代词。根据I went to see a film with my best friend.可知我和朋友去看电影，此处指我们坐出租车去电影院，故They→We.‎ ‎6.考查连词。句意：我们拦住一辆出租车，匆忙赶往电影院。前后句不是转折关系，是顺承关系。故but→and.‎ ‎7.考查名词。根据two可知是买两张票，ticket是可数名词用复数，故ticket→tickets.‎ ‎8.考查动词形式。根据句中逗号可知此处不是并列句，Kate和动词put是主动关系，此处作状语用动词-ing形式，故put→putting.‎ ‎9.考查连词。the moment是连词，表示“一…就…”，后跟从句，that常省略。此处指我们一坐下电影就开始了。引导从句前面不加介词，故.去掉at.‎ ‎10.考查冠词。have a great time “玩得开心，过得高兴”，是固定短语。故had后加a.‎