【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题构词法（10页word版） 10页

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题构词法 名词后缀 ‎1．动词变名词的后缀 后缀 例词 ‎ion/tion/ sion/ation correct→correction　　　　　改正 celebrate→celebration 庆祝；庆祝会 conclude→conclusion 结论；结束 discuss→discussion 讨论；辩论 decide→decision 决定 admit→admission 接纳；准许入学 attract→attraction 吸引 invite→invitation 邀请；请柬 explain→explanation 解释 graduate→graduation 毕业 expect→expectation 期望；期待 ‎er/or drive→driver　　　 　　　　司机；驾驶员 gather→gatherer 收集者；采集者 conduct→conductor 指挥；售票员 teach→teacher 老师 announce→announcer 播音员 ‎ment punish→punishment　　　 　惩罚 achieve→achievement 功绩；成就 argue→argument 辩论；论据 treat→treatment 对待；治疗 equip→equipment 装备；设备 govern→government 政府 ‎ance/ence appear→appearance　　　　出现；外貌 guide→guidance 指引；指导 perform→performance 表演；节目 exist→existence 存在；生存 prefer→preference 偏爱 refer→reference 参考；查阅 ‎ing hear→hearing　　　　　　　听力；听觉 begin→beginning 开头；开端 ‎ure/ture fail→failure　　　　　　　　失败；没做到 press→pressure 压力 mix→mixture 混合；混合物 depart→departure 离开；出发 ‎y recover→recovery　　　 　　恢复；痊愈 discover→discovery 发现 其他 choose→choice　　　　选择 vary→variety 多样化；种类 tend→tendency 趋向；趋势 grow→growth 生长；增加 ‎2．形容词变名词的后缀 后缀 例词 ‎age short→shortage　　　　　　不足；短缺 ‎cy efficient→efficiency　　　　 效率；功效 fluent→fluency 流利；流畅 accurate→accuracy 准确性 private→privacy 隐私；私密 ‎dom free→freedom　　　 　 　　自由；自主 wise→wisdom 明智；智慧 ‎ence different→difference　　　　差异 silent→silence 沉默 ‎ness weak→weakness　　　　 　虚弱；弱点 kind→kindness 仁慈；好意 careless→carelessness 粗心大意 ‎th strong→strength　　　 　　力气；强项 warm→warmth 温暖；热情 ‎y ‎ty ‎ity honest→honesty　　　 　 　诚实 difficult→difficulty 困难 cruel→cruelty 残酷；残暴 safe→safety 安全 disable→disability 无能；伤残 responsible→responsibility 责任 ‎[命题点感悟]　　 考什么·考多少·怎么考 ‎ 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the________ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.‎ 解析： introduction　根据空格前面的定冠词the可知此处需要填名词。with the introduction of表示“随着……的引进”。‎ ‎②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her ________(educate)．‎ 解析： education　空格前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education。‎ ‎③(2017·江苏高考改编)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative ________ (explain) are hard to find.‎ 解析：explanations　设空处在此处作句子的主语，要用其名词形式。根据第二句的谓语动词are可知此处要用名词的复数形式。‎ ‎④(2016·全国卷Ⅰ) Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ (attract)．‎ 解析： attraction　跟在形容词性物主代词its后面，应用attract的名词形式，top为形容词，修饰中心词attraction。‎ ‎⑤(2015·全国卷Ⅱ) In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their________(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.‎ 解析： ability　空格前面是形容词性物主代词their，其后面需要用名词。‎ ‎⑥(2013·全国卷Ⅱ)This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.‎ 解析：grow→growth　此处grow要作介词for的宾语，应用其名词形式growth。‎ 形容词、副词后缀 ‎1.动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀 后缀 例词 ‎able accept→acceptable　　　　　可接受的 comfort→comfortable 舒适的 fashion→fashionable 时髦的 suit→suitable 合适的 reason→reasonable 有道理的 ‎al music→musical　　　　　　 音乐的 origin→original 最初的 person→personal 个人的；私人的 center→central 中央的；中心的 nature→natural 自然的；天生的 ‎ful doubt→doubtful　　　　　　怀疑的 forget→forgetful 健忘的 harm→harmful 有害的 hope→hopeful 有希望的 peace→peaceful 和平的 ‎ed scare→scared　　　　　　　感到恐惧的 confuse→confused 感到困惑的 underline→underlined 下划线的 ‎ing surprise→surprising　　　　 令人惊异的 convince→convincing 令人信服的 satisfy→satisfying 令人满意的 ‎ible access→accessible　　　　　 容易取得的 horror→horrible 可怕的；恐怖的 terror→terrible 可怕的 ‎ive act→active　　　　　　　　 积极的；活跃的 effect→effective 有效的；生效的 attract→attractive 有吸引力的 impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的 ‎ous continue→continuous　　　　不断的；持续的 anxiety→anxious 忧虑的 caution→cautious 十分小心的；谨慎的 curiosity→curious 好奇的 humor→humorous 幽默的 ‎some tire→tiresome　　　　　　　令人厌倦的 trouble→troublesome 麻烦的 ‎y taste→tasty　　 　　 　　 　美味的；可口的 health→healthy 健康的 wealth→wealthy 富裕的；丰富的 ‎ern east→eastern　　 　 　 　 　东方的；向东的 ‎ish child→childish　　　　　　孩子气的 fool→foolish 愚蠢的；可笑的 self→selfish 自私的 ‎2．形容词变副词的后缀 在形容词后加ly可变成相应意义的副词 直接加ly ‎ clear→clearly清楚地　slow→slowly缓慢地 改y为ily happy→happily高兴地 easy→easily容易地 去e加ly true→truly真诚地；确实 possible→possibly可能地 ‎[命题点感悟]　　考什么·考多少·怎么考 ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) However, be_________ (care) not to go to extremes.‎ 解析：careful　此处表示“小心不要走极端”。根据语境和be可知此处应用形容词careful作表语。‎ ‎②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ) It is _________(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.‎ 解析：certainly　此处应该使用副词形式作状语，修饰“fun”。‎ ‎③(2017·江苏高考改编)Only five years after Steve Jobs' death, smartphones defeated ________ (convention) PCs in sales.‎ 解析：conventional　句意：仅仅在史蒂夫·乔布斯去世五年后，智能手机的销售额就打败了传统的个人电脑。由空格后的名词“PCs”可知，应填形容词形式conventional，表示“传统的”。‎ ‎④(2016·全国卷Ⅰ) The title will be ________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.‎ 解析：officially　此处表示(大使)这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予给我，根据句子结构可知，应该使用副词officially作状语修饰动词given。‎ ‎⑤(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks _________ (regular)．‎ 解析：regularly　此处需要用副词形式修饰动词短语“take short breaks”。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.‎ 解析：suddenly→sudden　此处需用形容词修饰后面的名词stop，表示“‎ 突然的停止”。‎ ‎②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums.‎ 解析：difference→different　此处应该使用形容词different作定语修饰kinds，意为“不同的”。‎ ‎③(2016·全国卷Ⅰ) Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady.‎ 解析：steady→steadily　谓语动词grow在此处是实义动词，并非连系动词，意为“增长，增强”，此处应该使用副词steadily作状语修饰grow。grow steadily意为“稳定地增长”。‎ ‎④(2016·全国卷Ⅲ) At one time, I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.‎ 解析：freely→free　此处需用形容词free作表语。be free from them“摆脱他们”。‎ ‎⑤(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.‎ 解析： seriously→serious　此处应该使用形容词作定语修饰名词problem。‎ ‎[专题过关训练] ‎ ‎[题点全面练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2018·广东佛山质检)My application (apply) was successful and I spent an enjoyable month learning filmmaking.‎ ‎2．(2018·海南海口一中模拟) Perhaps he can make his_fortune_(fortunate) at football.‎ ‎3．(2018·河南洛阳一中模拟) I really needed Snow, because it was good for my recovery (recover)．‎ ‎4．I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time. Unfortunately (fortunate), I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.‎ ‎5．(2018·江西五市八校联考) People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is useless (use)．‎ ‎6．(2018·广东佛山模拟) There are so many different labels on food nowadays. They are not only confusing (confuse) but also misleading.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2018·海南海口模拟) Similar, people prefer movies that reflect their mood.Similar→Similarly ‎2．(2018·江西南昌一模)While having an operation, she had a nearly death experience.nearly→near_‎ ‎3．(2018·江西赣州一模) I have read lots of inspired stories of kindness.inspired→inspiring ‎4．(2018·辽宁师大附中模拟)First, we must be friendly and kindly.kindly→kind ‎5．(2018·甘肃兰州一中模拟) I'm looking forward to your kindly reply at your earliest convenient.convenient→convenience ‎6．Even closest friends have quarrels, so don't take it too serious._serious→seriously ‎[语篇综合练]‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 Bri is a junior at Marquette University studying Social Welfare and Justice. She __1__ (original) came from Monterey Park, California. Bri and her four siblings __2__ (adopt) by her two loving parents at a young age. Her parents are a main source of her __3__ (inspire) to explore the world and meet different people. Bri is always __4__ independent girl and moved away from home for college __5__ (experience) a different atmosphere. She went to Milwaukee by __6__ (she) without even visiting the city. She said, “Marquette just felt right to me.”‎ It is no surprise that Bri began to get __7__ (involve) in many student organizations when she arrived in Marquette. Her faith guided her to join the Midnight Run team and work at Campus Ministry. Midnight Run is an organization led __8__ students and provides services for the homeless and the impoverished population of Milwaukee. Bri quickly took on the leadership role of cocoordinator. Bri also took part in Justice, a student organization __9__ students advocate for change in social justice issues in Milwaukee. ‎ Through volunteering at multiple locations in Milwaukee, she is able to meet a diverse population of individuals and build relationships. She loves it when people are __10__ (passion) about their dreams and she also enjoys pushing individuals to do what they love.‎ 语篇解读：Bri是马凯特大学的大学生，她积极参加各种公益组织，去帮助他人并且维护社会正义。‎ ‎1.originally　修饰动词came，故用副词形式。‎ ‎2．were adopted　“Bri and her four siblings”与adopt 之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎3．inspiration　根据语境可知，她想要去探索世界接触不同的人的灵感主要源于她的父母。用在形容词性物主代词之后，故用名词形式，inspiration“灵感”。‎ ‎4．an　根据语境可知，她一直是一个独立的女孩。故用不定冠词修饰， independent的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。‎ ‎5．to experience　根据语境可知，为了体验一种不同的氛围，她离开家去上大学。此处用动词不定式短语作状语，表示目的。‎ ‎6．herself　根据语境可知，她甚至没有游览过密尔沃基，就独自一个人去了那里。by herself表示“独自地”。‎ ‎7．involved　get involved in“参加，参与”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎8．by　根据语境可知，Midnight Run 是一个由学生领导的组织，故用介词by。‎ ‎9．where　先行词是organization，定语从句缺少地点状语。‎ ‎10．passionate　固定搭配be passionate about 表示“热衷于……；热爱……”。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎(2018·揭阳模拟)One day my father went to see the film after supper. But in our surprise, he came back just about half an hour later. I asked him what was the matter. He smiled and told us about the funny thing what had happened in the cinema. He was sitting in his seat while a woman came to her and said the seat was hers. Surprising, they looked at their ticket carefully, only to find the seats shown in their tickets were the same while the colors were different. So they ‎ looked at the tickets more carefully. After a while, my father apologized the woman, saying, “Sorry, I make a mistake. Take this seat, please.” The fact was that his ticket found out under the glass on his desk was for the film a month ago. ‎ 答案：第一句：the→a 第二句：in→to ‎ 第四句：what→that/which 第五句：while→when; her→him 第六句：Surprising→Surprised; ticket→tickets 第八句：apologized后加to; make→made 第十句：去掉out