长沙市望城区 2017 高考英语（一轮）完形和阅理基础选练 10页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。长沙市望城区2017高考英语（一轮）完形和阅理基础选练完形填空Ifyoumakeoneclosefriendinschool,youwillbethemostfortunate.Atruefriendissomeonewhostayswithyouforlife.　1　teachesthatisright:Agoodfriendshipisnoteasily　2　.Itispossiblethatwesimplydonotstayinoneplacelongenoughfora　3　friendshiptodevelop.However,therecanbe　4　disagreementontheneedforeachofustothinkcarefullyaboutthekindsoffriendshipwe　5　.Tomostofus,　6　isconsideredveryimportant,butweneedtobeclearinour　7　aboutthekindsoffriendshipwewant.Aretheytobecloseor　8　atarm’slength?Dowewantto　9　ourselvesordowewanttowalkonthesurface?Forsomepeople,manyfriendshipsonthesurfaceare　10　enough—andthat’sallright.Butatsomepoint,weneedto　11　thatourexpectationsarethesameasourfriends’expectations.Thesharingofpersonalexperience　12　ourtearsaswellasourdarkdreamsisthesurestwaytodeepenfriendships.Butit　13　beundertakenslowlyandcarriedononlyifthereare　14　ofinterestandactionsinreturn.Whataresomeofthe　15　offriendship?Thegreatestistheattractiontoexpecttoomuchtoosoon.Deeprelationships　16　time.Another“majordifficulty”istheselfishnesstothinkone“possesses”theother,includinghistimeandattention.Similarly,friendships　17　actionsinreturn.In　18　words,youmustgiveasmuchasyoutake.Finallythereisaquestionoftakingcareofthefriendship.Unlessyouspend　19　timetogether,talkingonthephone,andwritingletters,friendshipswilldie　20　.【文章大意】人人都渴望友谊。那么如何才能培养和发展真正的友谊呢?现实生活中,人与人之间的友谊又常常面临哪些困难呢?该如何克服这些困难,让你和朋友们的友谊不至于逐渐消失呢?读完本文,你就会找到这些问题的答案。1.A.KnowledgeB.TeacherC.ExperienceD.Parent【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。由语境可知。“Atruefriendissomeonewhostayswithyouforlife.”是由生活经验总结出来的。所以选Experience。2.A.understoodB.formed10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。C.realizedD.produced【解析】选B。背景常识题。友谊(friendship)是form(培养)出来的,而不是understand(理解),realize(实现)或produce(生产)的。3.A.trueB.commonC.deepD.actual【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。由上文的“Agoodfriendship”可知,此处应是atruefriendship“真正的友谊”。4.A.noB.someC.anyD.none【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。Thereisnodisagreementon...“在……方面是没有分歧的”。5.A.findB.getC.wantD.receive【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。由前文的need可断定这里应该选want,thekindsoffriendshipwewant“我们所想要的那种友谊”;且下段有提示。6.A.disagreementB.friendshipC.wantD.receive【解析】选B。词汇复现题。全文一直在谈友谊,下文也有暗示。7.A.heartsB.thoughtsC.actionsD.minds【解析】选B。词语辨析题。下面几句列举的都是想法,所以用thought“思想,想法”,指一般概念。mind指“思维,理智,注意力”。8.A.remainedB.leftC.stayedD.kept【解析】选D。词语辨析题。这里表示的是“使友谊保持一定距离(atarm’slength)”这一状态,只能用及物动词keep。9.A.ownB.oweC.shareD.spare【解析】选C。词汇复现题。根据下文的Thesharingofpersonalexperience可知。shareourselves“我们之间相互分享”。10.A.thatB.veryC.notD.quite【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。由下文的“andthat’sallright”可知,这里要表达的是肯定的意思,quiteenough“足够”。11.A.makesureB.rememberC.expectD.checkout【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。由上下文可知,确保(makesure)我们的期望值和朋友的期望值一样是获得友谊的基础。12.A.andB.orC.includingD.besides【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。including表示包括。13.A.canB.needC.willD.must10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。句意:(尽管别人分享自己的经历能加深友谊,)但这一活动必须(must)在对方表现出兴趣或有回报的活动等类似的迹象时才能慢慢进行。14.A.marksB.sightsC.scenesD.signs【解析】选D。词语辨析题。sign“征兆,迹象”。15.A.difficultiesB.differencesC.advantagesD.things【解析】选A。词汇复现题。该部分讲述了发展友谊的两大困难:theattractiontoexpecttoomuchtoosoon和theselfishness,也可以从下面的Another“majordifficulty”得到启示。16.A.costB.spendC.askD.take【解析】选D。词语辨析题。上文提到发展友谊最大的困难就是期望尽快得到太多的东西,也就是说像友谊这样的深层关系需要时间,take“需要,花费”。spend也可以指花费时间,但主语应是表示人的词语。17.A.requireB.requestC.dependD.suggest【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。上文提到友谊的第二大困难:自私,想占有对方的时间和注意力。因此要发展友谊需要(require)有回报的行动。18.A.someB.manyC.otherD.different【解析】选C。固定搭配题。“youmustgiveasmuchasyoutake”是对上句“friendshipsrequireactionsinreturn”的解释说明,所以用inotherwords,意思是“换句话说”。19.A.enoughB.comfortableC.lessD.alot【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。句意:除非你们有足够的时间在一起、打电话、写信,你们的友谊才不会停止。下文所列举的“talkingonthephone,andwritingletters”需要足够的时间去做,才能使友谊经久不衰。20.A.forB.awayC.outD.from【解析】选B。词语辨析题。dieaway事物逐渐消失;慢慢变弱。diefor为……而死;dieout灭绝;diefrom死于……,均不符合句意。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Nexttimeacustomercomestoyouroffice,offerhimacupofcoffee.Andwhenyou’redoingyourholidayshoppingonline,makesureyou’reholdingalargeglassoficedtea.Thephysicalsensation(感觉)ofwarmthencouragesemotionalwarmth,whileacolddrinkinhandpreventsyoufrommakingunwisedecisions—thosearethepracticallessonbeingdrawnfromrecentresearchbypsychologistJohnA.Bargh.10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。Psychologistshaveknownthatoneperson’sperception(感知)ofanother’s“warmth”isapowerfuldeterminerinsocialrelationships.Judgingsomeonetobeeither“warm”or“cold”isaprimaryconsideration,eventrumpingevidencethata“cold”personmaybemorecapable.Muchofthisisrootedinveryearlychildhoodexperiences,Barghargues,whenbabies’conceptualsenseoftheworldaroundthemisshapedbyphysicalsensations,particularlywarmthandcoldness.ClassicstudiesbyHarryHarlow,publishedin1958,showedmonkeyspreferredtostayclosetoacloth“mother”ratherthanonemadeofwire,evenwhenthewire“mother”carriedafoodbottle.Harlow’sworkandlaterstudieshaveledpsychologiststostresstheneedforwarmphysicalcontactfromcaregiverstohelpyoungchildrengrowintohealthyadultswithnormalsocialskills.Feelingsof“warmth”and“coldness”insocialjudgmentsappeartobeuniversal.Althoughnoworldwidestudyhasbeendone,Barghsaysthatdescribingpeopleas“warm”or“cold”iscommontomanycultures,andstudieshavefoundthoseperceptionsinfluencejudgmentindozensofcountries.Totesttherelationshipbetweenphysicalandpsychologicalwarmth,Barghconductedanexperimentwhichinvolved41collegestudents.Aresearchassistantwhowasunawareofthestudy’shypotheses(假设),handedthestudentseitherahotcupofcoffee,oracolddrink,toholdwhiletheresearcherfilledoutashortinformationform.Thedrinkwasthenhandedback.Afterthat,thestudentswereaskedtoratethepersonalityof“PersonA”basedonaparticulardescription.ThosewhohadbrieflyheldthewarmdrinkregardedPersonAaswarmerthanthosewhohadheldtheiceddrink.“Wearegroundedinourphysicalexperiencesevenwhenwethinkabstractly,”saysBargh.1.AccordingtoParagraph1,aperson’semotionmaybeaffectedby　　　.　A.thevisitorstohisofficeB.thepsychologylessonshehasC.hisphysicalfeelingofcoldnessD.thethingshehasboughtonline2.TheauthormentionsHarlow’sexperimenttoshowthat　　　.　A.adultsshoulddevelopsocialskillsB.babiesneedwarmphysicalcontact10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。C.caregiversshouldbehealthyadultsD.monkeyshavesocialrelationships3.InBargh’sexperiment,thestudentswereaskedto　　　.　A.evaluatesomeone’spersonalityB.writedowntheirhypothesesC.filloutapersonalinformationformD.holdcoffeeandcolddrinkalternatively4.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat　　　.　A.abstractthinkingdoesnotcomefromphysicalexperiencesB.feelingsofwarmthandcoldnessarestudiedworldwideC.physicaltemperatureaffectshowweseeothersD.capablepersonsareoftencoldtoothers5.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.DrinkingforBetterSocialRelationships.B.ExperimentsofPersonalityEvaluation.C.DevelopingBetterDrinkingHabits.D.PhysicalSensationsandEmotions.【参考答案】1—5、CBACD　　2016高考英语阅读理解（科普类说明文）【2015·新课标全国II】BYourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating,forpeopleareoftenlessself-conscious(难为情)whenthey’reinpoorlylitplaces–andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn’thaveenoughwindowlight,getmorelampsandflood10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。theplacewithbrightness.Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeuslesshungry.Sowhenit’stimetorepaint,goblue.Don’tforgettheclock–ortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories(卡路里)permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime,andtrytomakedinnerlastat30minutes.Andwhileyou’reatit,actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turningonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.Downsizethedishes.Bigservingbowlsandplantscaneasilymakesusfat.Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12-inchplateinsteadofa10-inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone,totalintake(摄入)jumpsby14percent.Andwe’llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort,wideglassthanatall,skinnyglass.25.Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout____.theirhomecomfortstheirbodyshapehousebuyinghealthydiets26.Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople____.digestfoodbetterreducefoodintakeburnmorecaloriesregaintheirappetites27.Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimes?Eatquickly.PlayfastmusicUsesmallerspoonsTurndownthelights28.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?IsYourHouseMakingYouFat?WaysofServingDinner10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。EffectsofSelf-ConsciousnessIsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing?【答案】25.B26.B27.C28.A25.B推理判断题。根据全文第一段Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.可知，要让你的家的设计成为你减肥计划的一部分。所以这篇文章对那些在乎自己的体型的人更有帮助。故选B。26.B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.可知在蓝色的房间内人吃的食物相对在黄色或者红色房间少33%。暖色让人胃口大开，冷色让人感觉到不饿。故选B。28.A主旨大意题。根据文章的开头Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.可知，你的家居环境既可以让你变胖也会让你变瘦。本文非常适合那些想减肥的人士来阅读。所以选A可以更好地概括全文。【考点定位】科普类短文阅读【名师点睛】本文的结构清楚。主题句Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.在第一段，抓住就可以理清文章的脉络，接下来是4条建议，一段一条。题目中的第三题考查对文章的全面了解，并要求理解四个选项的意思才能做好。平时还应该多练习对文章结构的分析。10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。2016高考英语阅读理解（科普类说明文）【2015·新课标全国I】DConflictisonthemenutonightatthecaféLaChope.Thisevening,asoneveryThursdaynight,psychologistMaudLehanneisleadingtwoofFrance’sfavoritepastimes,coffeedrinkingandthe“talkingcure”.Heretheyarelearningtogetintouchwiththeirtruefeelings.Itisn’talwayseasy.Theycustomers-somethirtyParisianswhopayjustunder$2(plusdrinks)persession-carequicktointellectualize(高谈阔论)，slowtoopenupandconnect.“Youareforbiddentosay‘onefeels,’or‘peoplethink’,”Lehanetoldthem.“Say‘Ithink,’‘Thinkme’.”Acafésocietywherenointellectualizingisallowed?Itcouldn’tseemmoreun-French.ButLehanne’spsychologycaféisaboutmorethanknowingoneself:It’stryingtohelpthecity’stroubledneighborhoodcafes.Overtheyears,ParisiancafeshavefallenvictimtochangesintheFrenchlifestyle-longerworkinghours,afastfoodboomandayoungergeneration’sdesiretospendmoretimeathome.Dozensofnewthemecafesappeartochangethesituation.Cafesfocusedaroundpsychology,history,andengineeringarecatchingon,fillingtableswellintotheevening.Thecity’spsychologycafes,whichoffergreatcomfort,areamongthemostpopularplaces.Middle-agedhomemakers,retirees,andtheunemployedcometosuchcafestotalkaboutlove,anger,anddreamswithapsychologist.AndtheycometoLehanne’sgroupjusttolearntosaywhattheyfeel.“There’sastrongneedinParisforcommunication,”saysMauriceFrisch,acafeLaChoperegularwhoworksasareligiousinstructorinanearbychurch.“Peoplehavefewrealfriends.Andtheyneedtoopenup.”Lehannesaysshe’dliketoseepsychologycafesalloverFrance.“Ifpeoplehadnormallives,thesecafeswouldn’texist”,shesays,“Iflifeweren’tabattle,peoplewouldn’tneedaspecialplacejusttospeak.”Butthem,itwouldn’tbeFrance.32.WhatarepeopleencouragedtodoatthecafeLaChope?A.LearnanewsubjectB.Keepintouchwithfriends.C.Showofftheirknowledge.D.Expresstheirtruefeelings.33.HowarecafesaffectedbyFrenchlifestylechanges?A.Theyarelessfrequentlyvisited.B.Theystayopenforlongerhours.C.Theyhavebiggernightcrowds.10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。D.Theystarttoservefastfood.34.Whatarethemecafesexpectedtodo?A.Createmorejobs.B.Supplybetterdrinks.C.Savethecafebusiness.D.Servetheneighborhood.35.WhyarepsychologycafesbecomingpopularinParis?A.Theybringpeopletruefriendship.B.Theygivepeoplespiritualsupport.C.Theyhelppeoplerealizetheirdreams.D.Theyofferaplatformforbusinesslinks.【答案】32.D33.A34.C35.B34.C推理判断题。根据第二段Dozensofnewthemecafesappeartochangethesituation.可以得出答案。故选C。35.B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句话“Ifpeoplehadnormallives,thesecafeswould’texist”,shesays,”Iflifeweren’tabattle,peoplewouln’tneedaspecialplacejusttospeak.”Butthem,itwouldn’tbeFrance.可知心理咖啡馆在巴黎受欢迎的原因在于他们给予人们精神上的支持。故选B。【考点定位】社会类短文阅读【名师点睛】这是一篇社会类短文阅读。难度中等偏上，学生不易读懂。但是第32和3310 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。题均为考查细节理解题，问题设计比较简单，考生只需通过关键词定位即可得出答案。其中第34和35题需要在原文的内容的基础之上作出推理，才能判断出正确的答案。考生做此类阅读时要注意前后之间的联系与对比，选择答案时切不可以以偏概全。10