2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit4Pygmalion同步练习 人教版选修8 23页

‎ Unit 4 Pygmalion 一、语基必备知识 ‎ (一)重点词汇——分类记忆 Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意 ‎1．plot n．　　　 　　　　　 情节；阴谋 ‎2．handkerchief n. 手帕；手绢；纸巾 ‎3．ambassador n. 大使；使节 ‎4．cookie n. 饼干 ‎5．nail n. 指甲；钉子 ‎6．superior adj. 优秀的；较高的；上级的 n. 上级；长官 ‎7．sob vi. 啜泣；抽噎 ‎ n. 啜泣(声)；抽噎(声)‎ ‎8．status n. 身份；地位；职位 ‎9．waist n. 腰；腰部；腰围 ‎10．fateful adj. 重要的；决定性的；命中注定的 ‎11．referee n. 裁判员；仲裁者 ‎12．disapprove v. 不赞成；反对；认为不好 ‎13．brilliant adj. 光辉灿烂的；杰出的；才华横溢的 ‎14．extraordinary adj. 不同寻常的；非凡的 ‎15．whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出汽笛声 n. 口哨声；汽笛声 ‎16．outcome n. 结果；效果 Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形 ‎1．betray vt.　　　　　　　 显露出(本来面目)；背叛 ‎2．remark n. 谈论；言论；评述 vt.& vi. 谈论；评论；说起 ‎3．properly adv. 适当地；恰当地 ‎4．handful n. 一把；少量 ‎5．overlook vt. 俯视；忽视；不理会 ‎6．compromise n．& vi. 妥协；折衷 ‎7．condemn vt. 谴责；使……处于不幸(不愉 23‎ ‎ 快)的状态 ‎8．classify vt. 把……分类；把……归类 ‎9．shabby adj. 破旧的；寒酸的 ‎10．wallet n. 皮夹；钱包 ‎11．troublesome adj. 带来麻烦的；使人心烦的 ‎12．fade vi.& vt. (使)褪色；减弱；逐渐消失 ‎13．acquaintance n. 相识；了解；熟人 Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变 ‎1．adapt v. (使)适应；改编→adaptation n．适应(性)‎ ‎2．classic adj.经典的 n．经典著作→classical adj.古典的；经典的 ‎3．professor n．教授→profession n．职业；专业→professional adj.专业的 n．专业人员 ‎4．disgust vt.使反感→disgusting adj.使人反感的；令人厌恶的→disgusted adj.反感的 ‎5．hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇→hesitation n．犹豫；踌躇 ‎6．comfort n．舒服→comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服的→comfortably adv.舒服地；舒适地→uncomfortable adj.不舒服的→uncomfortably adv.不舒服地；不自在地 ‎7．mistake n．错误；失误 v．误会→mistaken adj. 错误的；不正确的　‎ ‎8．amaze vt.使吃惊→amazed adj.吃惊的→amazing adj.令人吃惊的→amazement n．惊讶；惊愕 ‎9．fortune n．机会；运气；大笔的钱→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地 ‎10．effect n．效果；影响→effective__adj.有效的 ‎11．rob vt.抢劫；盗窃；剥夺→robbery n．抢劫(行为)→robber n．强盗；盗贼 ‎12．music n．音乐→musical adj.音乐的；喜爱音乐的 n．音乐喜剧→musician n．音乐家 ‎1.some形容词后缀 ‎①troublesome　 带来麻烦的；使人心烦的 ‎②awesome 令人敬畏的 ‎③tiresome 使人厌倦的 ‎④bothersome 引起麻烦的 ‎⑤brightsome 明亮的；灿烂的 23‎ ‎⑥handsome 英俊的 ‎2.含mis前缀的动词集锦 ‎①mistake 　　　　　 误会 ‎②misunderstand 误解 ‎③misuse 误用；滥用 ‎④mislead 误导 ‎⑤misprint 印错 ‎⑥mistrust 不信任 ‎3.condemn及其相关动词荟萃 ‎①condemn　 谴责；使……处于不 ‎　　　 幸(不愉快)的状态 ‎②accuse/charge 　 起诉 ‎③scold 责骂 ‎④criticize 批评 ‎⑤punish 惩罚 ‎ (二)重点短语——记牢用活 ‎1．in__disguise　　　　　　 伪装(的)；假扮(的)‎ ‎2．pass...off__as... (把某人)改变或冒充成……‎ ‎3．make__one’s__acquaintance/make__the__acquaintance__of__‎ ‎ 结识；与……相见 ‎4．generally__speaking__ 一般来说 ‎5．in__terms__of... 就……来说；从……角度 ‎6．rob__sb.__of__sth.__ 抢劫某人某物 ‎7．show...in/out 带或领……进来/出去 ‎8．once__more__ 再一次 ‎9．fade__out (声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡 ‎10．in__need__of__ 需要……‎ ‎11．in__amazement__ 震惊；惊讶 ‎12．deal__with 处理；应付 ‎1.“in＋n.”构成的短语集锦 ‎①in disguise 　　 伪装(的)；假扮(的)‎ 23‎ ‎②in nature 本质上 ‎③in stock 现有；备有 ‎④in force 有效；实施中 ‎⑤in shape 处于良好状态 ‎⑥in amazement 震惊；惊讶 ‎2.“adv.＋speaking”短语聚焦 ‎①generally speaking　　 一般来说 ‎②honestly speaking 诚实地说 ‎③frankly speaking 坦率地说 ‎④exactly speaking 确切地说 ‎⑤strictly speaking 严格地说 ‎⑥personally speaking 就个人而言 ‎3.表示“处理；对付”的短语一览 ‎①do with　　　　 处理；对付 ‎②deal with 处理；对付 ‎③cope with 处理；应付 ‎④treat with 处理；应付 ‎⑤handle with 处理 ‎⑥dispose of 处理；解决 ‎ (三)重点句式——背熟巧用 句型公式 教材原句 句型1：状语从句的省略 While__watching,__he makes notes.　他一边观察，一边做记录。‎ 句型2：be of＋抽象名词 Will that be__of__any__use to you？　那对你有用吗？‎ 句型3：What if ...? 如果……将会怎么样？‎ What__if__I__was？　如果我是，又怎么样呢？‎ 句型4：形容词短语作状语 Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting deep__in__conversation. ‎ 亨利·希金斯与皮克林上校正坐在那儿进行深入的交谈。‎ 二、语境强化训练 Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式 ‎1．The government should take effective(有效的) measures to stop water from being polluted. ‎ 23‎ ‎2．The doctor said that the patient might be uncomfortable(不舒服的) after her operation.‎ ‎3．If you think you can drink so much without damaging your health, then you’re mistaken(错误的)．‎ ‎4．Friends are not books，yet books are friends.Friends may betray(背叛) you, while books are always loyal.‎ ‎5．The two sides haven’t reached a compromise(妥协) and they are in need of more time to think about the situation.‎ ‎6．John was condemned(condemn) to death because he advocated original opinions.‎ ‎7．It is required that the books in the library should be classified(classify) by subject.‎ ‎8．Some people believe that students should be allowed to take mobile phones to school as long as they use them properly(proper)．‎ Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义 ‎1．(2019·浙江卷6月阅读A)Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby. He finds old military(军队的) medals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet. 古董 ‎2．(2018·江苏卷完形)Our hair was fried and falling out, nails broken, clothes worn to a thread, but we were alive. 指甲 ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ七选五) If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.尽情地 ‎4．(浙江卷6月阅读A) In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority.优越感 Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．Tom is often fortunate. Last year he went to Shanghai to try his fortune. Fortunately,__he met his girlfriend and got married there. (fortune)‎ ‎2．In the lecture, the professor said that his profession is to cultivate more professionals for the country. (profession)‎ ‎3．Yesterday an old woman mistook me for her daughter. That means I was mistaken for her daughter. In fact she often makes the same mistake. (mistake)‎ ‎4．Don’t hesitate to ask for help and solve the problem without hesitation. (hesitate)‎ ‎5．Three of his novels have been adapted for TV and this is a screen adaptation. (adapt)‎ 23‎ ‎6．Jane was robbed of her diamond ring the other day and the robber was caught by the police very soon. (rob)‎ ‎7．Her house is modern and comfortably furnished, but she always feels slightly uncomfortable the moment she comes in. (comfortable)‎ ‎8．Mike likes music very much. There were many musical instruments in his room. When he was young, he wanted to be a famous musician. (music)‎ Ⅳ.选词成篇 without hesitation; show in; pass...off as; generally speaking; be robbed of; in great need of; make the acquaintance of　　‎ ‎1.Generally__speaking,__we all hope to 2.make__the__acquaintance__of more people, which is of great importance to us. However, a handful of people 3.pass themselves off__as your acquaintances for their own interests. The other day, my neighbour 4.showed__in a stranger wearing a shabby jacket who said he was my sister’s friend. He said he 5.was__robbed__of money, and was 6.in__great__need__of our help. I told my sister about this 7.without__hesitation,__but she said that I was mistaken and she did not know this disgusting man at all.‎ Ⅴ.完成句子 ‎1．在我看来，养成良好的学习习惯对我们学生来说是非常重要的。‎ In my opinion, developing a good learning habit is__of__great__importance for us students.‎ ‎2．在接下来的半小时里，如果这个问题必须被解决会怎样？‎ What__if__this__problem__has__to__be__solved in the next half hour?‎ ‎3．全神贯注地读书，他没注意到老师走进教室。‎ Deep__in__the__book,__he didn’t notice the teacher come into the classroom.‎ ‎4．当与他人合作时，我们应该学会容忍他人的缺点，发现他人的优点。‎ ‎__When__cooperating__with__others,__we should learn to put up with their shortcomings and try to discover their strengths.‎ ‎ hesitate　vi.犹豫；踌躇 ‎ [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(2019·北京卷) If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never hesitates to__buy(buy) them a meal.‎ 23‎ ‎②Please have no hesitation(hesitate) in writing to me if you want me to do something for you in China.‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 如果你有问题，一定要毫不犹豫地向我们求助。‎ ‎③If you have questions, don’t__hesitate__to__turn__to us for help.‎ ‎④If you have questions, do turn to us for help without__hesitation．‎ ‎ ‎(1)hesitate to do sth.　　　　 迟疑做某事 ‎(2)hesitate about/in/at/over (doing) sth.‎ ‎ (做)某事犹豫不决 ‎ ‎(3)hesitation n. 踌躇；犹豫 without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 ‎[佳句背诵] Without hesitation, I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.‎ 没有犹豫，我决定跟随他们，那天我们确实过得很开心。　 (浙江卷书面表达)‎ ‎ remark　n．谈论；言论；评述　vt.& vi.谈论；评论；说起 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①Miss Li remarked on__some students’ cheating in exams, whose words left a deep impression on us.‎ ‎②(2018·北京卷)All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith even more remarkable(remark)．‎ ‎[能力提升]——微写作 ‎③(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)电影结束后，每个班应该进行一次讨论，期望所有的学生都要发表对这部电影的评论。‎ After the film, each class is supposed to have a discussion and all the students are expected to make__remarks__on__the__film．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(1)remark on/upon　　 谈论/评论……‎ remark that ... 评论……‎ ‎(2)make remarks on/upon ‎ ‎ 对……发表评论/看法 ‎(3)remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] I am cautious about what I say because careless remarks are likely to hurt others’ feelings.‎ 23‎ 我总是小心我说的话，因为粗心的评论有可能伤害他人的感情。‎ ‎ acquaintance　n．相识；了解；熟人 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①It was at that party that I first made his acquaintance, since then he and I became good friends.‎ ‎②There are many ways through which we can be acquainted(acquaint) with the outside world.‎ ‎[能力提升]——词汇升级 ‎③(普通表达)Before class, first you need to learn the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)‎ ‎(高级表达)Before class, first you need to have__some__acquaintance__with the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(1)　 结识某人 have an/some acquaintance with ‎　　　　　　　　　 对……有一定了解 ‎(2)acquaint v. 使熟悉；使了解 be acquainted with 熟悉……；认识/了解……　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Secondly, I can make the acquaintance of people who share the same interest through this activity.‎ 其次，通过这一次活动我可以结识志趣相同的人。‎ ‎ fortune　n．财产；大笔的钱；机会；运气 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Fortunately(fortune), after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave and later the family met up for dinner.‎ ‎②Unfortunately(fortune), he was caught in the traffic jam and late for the meeting.‎ ‎[能力提升]——词汇升级 ‎③(普通表达)Now there are many young people in our society dreaming of making a lot of money without hard work.‎ ‎(高级表达)Now there are many young people in our society dreaming of making__a__fortune without hard work.,‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(1)seek one’s fortune　　　 找出路；碰运气 23‎ make a fortune 发大财；赚大钱 try one’s fortune 碰运气 ‎(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的；侥幸的 be fortunate to do sth. 幸运做某事 ‎(3)fortunately adv. 幸运地(＝luckily)　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year.‎ 在中国，过新年的时候孩子们会得到一个里面装着钱的红包，这能带来好运。‎ ‎ compromise　n．妥协；和解；折衷　v．妥协；让步；违背；放弃 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①Sometimes, it’s necessary to compromise with your friends when you want to keep the friendship.‎ ‎②It is really important for parents to reach a compromise between what they want and what their kids desire.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③经过激烈的讨论，最终他们就这个问题的解决方法达成妥协。‎ After a heated discussion, they finally__compromised__on__the__solution__to__the__problem．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(1)reach/come to a compromise 和解；达成一 ‎ 种妥协 make a compromise with... 与……妥协 ‎(2)compromise with sb. 与某人和解 compromise on sth. 就某事折衷　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] He did not compromise easily，but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.　虽然他不容易妥协，但是为了值得奋斗的事业愿意接受任何建设性的意见。‎ ‎ in terms of...　就……来说；从……角度 ‎[基础练习]——完成句子 ‎①To keep up good relationships with your classmates, you should learn to be__on__good__terms__with__them(与他们关系良好)．‎ ‎②Learning is not always easy, but it is beneficial to us in__the__long__term/run(就长远而言)．‎ 23‎ ‎[能力提升]——词汇升级 ‎③(普通表达)Speaking of table manners, keep your voice low and pleasant during the meal. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)‎ ‎(高级表达)In__terms__of__table manners, keep your voice low and pleasant during the meal. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(1)come to terms with　　 达成协议；和好 be on good terms 关系良好 be on bad terms 关系不好 ‎(2)in the long term/run 就长远而言 in the short term/run 就短期而言 ‎[佳句背诵] As far as I’m concerned, one’s success cannot always be measured in terms of money. ‎ 在我看来，一个人的成功不能总从金钱角度来衡量。‎ ‎ show...in　带或领……进来 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①Mr. Green is on his way here. Please show him in as soon as he arrives.‎ ‎②Mike has only driven to the pub to show off his new car—he usually walks.‎ ‎[能力提升]——词汇升级 ‎③(普通表达)He promised to attend the meeting, but he hasn’t appeared yet.‎ ‎(高级表达)He promised to attend the meeting, but he hasn’t showed__up/turned__up yet.,‎ how...out　　　　　　　　 带或领……出去 show off 炫耀；展示 show/turn up 出现；来到某处 show sb. around/round 领某人参观　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] If you come to Hangzhou this weekend, I’ll be very glad to show you around/round our beautiful city then.　如果你这个周末来杭州，我很乐意带你参观我们美丽的城市。‎ ‎ be of＋抽象名词 ‎ (教材P29)Will that be of any use to you?‎ 23‎ 那对你有用吗？‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Your guide and suggestions are of great help to me and I’m looking forward to your early reply.‎ ‎②As far as I’m concerned, sports and games are of great importance(important)．‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 ‎(2018·浙江卷6月应用文写作)我珍惜这个很好的机会，它在许多方面对我有好处。‎ ‎③I treasure this as a good chance and it is__of__great__benefit__to__me in many ways.‎ ‎④I treasure this as a good chance and it__is__very__beneficial__to__me__in many ways.‎ ‎ “be of＋抽象名词”结构，名词通常是use, importance, help, value, interest, benefit等，该结构相当于“be＋名词所对应的形容词”，这类名词前可用no, some, any, little, much, great等对其进行修饰。　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] I know you show great interest in pingpong, which is regarded as the National Ball of China and of great value in sports field in our country.‎ 我知道你对乒乓球很感兴趣，它被认为是中国的国球，在我们国家体育领域非常重要。(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)‎ ‎ What if...？如果……将会怎么样呢？‎ ‎(教材P29)What if I was?‎ 如果我是， 又怎么样呢？‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①It sounds like a good offer, but what if it’s a trick?‎ ‎②If she spent five years in Paris，how come her French is so bad?‎ ‎③—I’m afraid it’s too expensive.‎ ‎—So what？We have plenty of money.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎④如果她发现你把她的书弄丢了怎么办？ ‎ What__if__she__finds__out__that__you’ve__lost__her__book？‎ How come...？　　　　 ……怎么会这样？‎ ‎ ……怎么搞的？‎ 23‎ How/What about...? ……怎么样？‎ What for? 为什么(目的)?‎ ‎ 为何(理由)?‎ So what? 那又怎样？‎ Why not do sth.? 为什么不做某事呢？　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] What if he doesn’t accompany you to Beijing？　要是他不陪你去北京怎么办呢？‎ Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)‎ ‎1．Though wearing a heavy overcoat and__woollen(wool) gloves, I still felt the weather was freezing cold.‎ ‎2．He showed remarkable(remark) competence when faced with the difficult problems in tough times.‎ ‎3．The curtains I bought many years ago in the supermarket have__faded(fade) in the sun.‎ ‎4．However，mental health is easy to__be__overlooked (overlook)，which can result in serious mental diseases.‎ ‎5．There were three professors at the meeting room, who were deep__in__conversation.‎ ‎6．He has a large number of acquaintances (acquaintance), so he has no trouble in finding his destination.‎ Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)‎ ‎1．After finishing the task, the workers all went back home, happy but tired(tire)．‎ ‎2．Helen was chosen for the job because she was far superior to any other candidate.‎ ‎3．The problem of the widening gap between the rich and the poor, if not properly handled(handle), can result in many serious social tensions.‎ ‎4．To all of you, fresh students, how to adapt yourselves(you) to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.‎ ‎5．Please wait here and show the guests in when they don’t know how to find the art show hall.‎ ‎6．As far as I’m concerned, lack of competence condemned him to__lose(lose) his job.‎ 23‎ Ⅲ.易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)‎ ‎1．The hot play on TV is adaptation of a short novel written by Mo Yan.在adaptation前加an ‎2．People are often mistake in thinking that those with high IQs always have high EQs as well.mistake→mistaken ‎3．The teacher asked the student to explain the word proper in English.proper→properly ‎4．When you come to our musical party, remember to bring your own music instruments.music→musical ‎5．There was a time when I was too proud that I overlooked my classmates, refusing to work together with them.too→so Ⅳ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)‎ ‎1．(2018·浙江卷6月阅读B)Eyeing these headwinds, plasticbag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume. ‎ ‎ v．审视；细看 ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ七选五)We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time. vt.打发；消磨 ‎3．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ阅读B)．..A＋E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion shows. n．发源地 ‎4．Jane decided to overlook his rudeness as if nothing had happened. vt.忽视 提能一　语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)‎ When it comes to the most 1.horrible(horror) thing I’ve experienced, I have to mention the 2.robbery(rob) in Cape Town. I was walking to my apartment after work when I heard a man 3.whistling(whistle) behind me. He aimed a gun at my back and ordered me to kneel down. I knew a moment of 4.hesitation(hesitate) might cost me my life and I took 5.effective(effect) measures. I handed out my belongings and he took them away. Though I felt 6.disgusted(disgust) and 7.uncomfortable(comfortable), I was not hurt, which was 8.fortunate(fortune) enough. This experience taught me a lesson that when we are in danger, we must make a quick 9.adaptation(adapt) and deal with the emergency 10.properly(proper)．‎ 提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)‎ 假设你是李华，你的朋友Frank在观看中国改革开放四十周年晚会后，‎ 23‎ 对学习汉语很感兴趣，写信向你征求建议，请按以下写作要求回信。内容包括：①学习汉语的好处；②合理的学习方法；③如有必要，随时帮助。‎ ‎1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)‎ ‎①很高兴得知你想学习汉语，我想给你提出以下建议。‎ Delighted__to__learn__you__wish__to__learn__Chinese,__I’d like to offer you the following suggestions.‎ ‎②汉语不容易学习，但是有正确的方法和努力，你就能熟悉汉语。‎ Though Chinese is hard to learn, with__proper__methods__and__efforts,__you__will__have__an__acquaintance__with__it．‎ ‎③务必利用每次机会深入理解中国文化，并尽可能多和中文老师练习说汉语。‎ Do__take__advantage__of__every__chance__to__deepen__your__understanding__of__Chinese__culture__and__practice__speaking__Chinese__with__your__Chinese__teacher__as__much__as__possible.‎ ‎④就阅读和听力而言，读当地的报纸和看电视节目对你有益。‎ Reading__the__local__newspapers__and__watching__TV__programmes will benefit you in__terms__of reading and listening.‎ ‎⑤如需要帮助，不要犹豫向我求助。‎ Don’t__hesitate__to__turn__to__me__for__help__if__you__need__help.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎⑥用“be of＋名词”结构升级句④‎ Reading__the__local__newspapers__and__watching__TV__programmes__will__be__of__benefit__to__you__in__terms__of__reading__and__listening.‎ ‎3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：to begin with, additionally, last but not least)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ Dear Frank，‎ 23‎ Delighted to learn you wish to learn Chinese, I’d like to offer you the following suggestions.‎ To begin with, though Chinese is hard to learn, with proper methods and efforts, you will have an acquaintance with it. Additionally, do take advantage of every chance to deepen your understanding of Chinese culture and practice speaking Chinese with your Chinese teacher as much as possible. Last but not least, reading the local newspapers and watching TV programmes will be of benefit to you in terms of reading and listening.‎ Don’t hesitate to turn to me for help if you need help.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎ (建议用时：40分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·重庆七校联考)J. K. Rowling frequently shows there is magic every day.Her Harry Potter series has helped people through times of stress and depression and she is always there to deliver wise words of encouragement.‎ She is one celebrity who is very active on Twitter. So when a single dad named Matt Burke sent her a message thanking her for the series, she noticed. Her series had helped strengthen his relationship with his 9yearold daughter Bailey.‎ He included a link to his article titled Being a Broke Parent. He explained how he hadn’t found a level of financial stability that allowed him to pay bills on time and take his daughter on more activities and events. The family also doesn’t have the Internet or TV, which means there’s no “digital babysitter” and he has to rely on his own creative ways to bond with his daughter. Since he received the series, the main thing that has occupied them these days is reading books together.‎ Burke admits that he thought he was “too cool” for the books when they first came out and he was in his twenties, but he’s loving reading them now. “We switch off chapter by chapter reading them out loud，” Burke explains.“This not only allows her to get more used to reading aloud in front of someone, but it gets me directly ‎ 23‎ involved in something she loves, and it gives me the chance to be very dramatic when I read my chapters and bring myself into the characters in the book, which has proven to be a ton of fun.”‎ After hearing Burke’s story, Rowling said how honored she was when Harry Potter was a part of his family’s life and offered Burke more books. Besides, people are also offering to send Burke more books as gifts. For Burke, this experience, far more than gifts, will be what he treasures.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了英国著名作家J.K Rowling的作品对一个单亲家庭的影响。‎ ‎1．Why did Burke thank J．K.Rowling according to the text?‎ A．She guided him how to write a good story.‎ B．She encouraged him when he was in trouble.‎ C．Her books helped him through times of confusion.‎ D．Her books helped him improve his bond with his daughter.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Her series had helped strengthen his relationship with his 9yearold daughter Bailey.”可知，单身父亲Burke感谢J. K. Rowling是因为她的《哈利·波特》系列丛书加强了他与女儿之间的关系，故选D。‎ ‎2．What is implied in Burke’s words in paragraph 4?‎ A．He has found it interesting to read the series.‎ B．He was too old to understand the series better.‎ C．He has chosen a better way of reading the series.‎ D．He hopes to play a role in the drama in the future.‎ A　解析：推理判断题。根据对第四段的整体理解，尤其是最后一句中的“which has proven to be a ton of fun”可知，Burke认为朗读这些系列丛书很有趣，故选A。‎ ‎3．Which word can best describe Burke’s experience according to the text?‎ A．Unique.　　　　　　　　　 B．Normal.‎ C．Precious. D．Funny.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“For Burke, this experience, far more than gifts, will be what he treasures.”可知，对Burke来讲，这种经历是非常珍贵的，故选C。‎ ‎4．What is the main idea of this text?‎ A．J.K.Rowling chooses to help improve kids’ health.‎ B．J.K.Rowling gives a magical gift to a single father.‎ C．J.K.Rowling has a deep influence on others’ growth.‎ 23‎ D．Burke comes to know J．K.Rowling through her series.‎ B　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了著名作家J.K.Rowling的作品所具有的魅力——帮助一位单身父亲加强了与其女儿的关系，故选B。‎ ‎【难句分析】　Since he received the series, the main thing that has occupied them these days is reading books together.‎ 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。Since引导时间状语从句；that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词the main thing。‎ 译文：自从他收到丛书，这些天他们忙着做的主要的事就是一起读书。‎ B ‎(2020·陕西部分学校摸底)While we may think it feels good to complain, complaining has some bad effects associated with it.‎ Why isn’t complaining beneficial? Research shows that it connects our brain with negativity. The brain is designed to work efficiently. This means that when we repeat a thought, negative or positive, the nerve cells form a bridge between each other to pass information in a higher speed. Therefore, the next time we have a similar type of thought, it is more easily passed. This explains why certain thought patterns become habits.‎ Yet the harmful effects don’t stop there. A study shows that complaining causes the hippocampus(海马), which plays a vital role in problemsolving, to become smaller.‎ In addition to causing brain damage, complaining also releases a stress hormone—cortisol(皮质醇)—a kind of chemical the body produces when we meet with some danger. Constantly having a high level of cortisol results in high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and lower immunity(免疫力)．‎ The ill effects of our complaining aren’t just limited to ourselves: they also involve those around us. We tend to mirror the moods of our friends. For this reason, we should be cautious about having stubborn complainers in our circle of companions.‎ The best way to deal with constant negativity is to develop a sense of gratitude. Just like complaining acts as a poison, gratitude acts as a medicine. Research shows it lowers cortisol levels by 23 percent, as well as reduces blood pressure and blood sugar. It also decreases tiredness and depression. Gratitude is the perfect cure for complaining, a behavior that steals our brain power, happiness and physical wellbeing.‎ What have you observed about the effects of complaining in your own life or in 23‎ ‎ the lives of others? Have you noticed that when you are grateful, you feel better all round? Please share your thoughts in the comments section below.‎ ‎【解题导语】　研究发现，抱怨与消极性密切相关，除了导致脑损伤，抱怨还会释放皮质醇，持续高水平的皮质醇会导致高血压、高血糖和免疫力低下，而感恩却与之相反，会带来很多益处。因此人们在生活中要少点抱怨，多些感恩。‎ ‎5．What do paragraphs 2－3 mainly talk about?‎ A．The diseases caused by complaining.‎ B．The decrease of a vital part of our brain.‎ C．The bad effects of complaining on brain power.‎ D．The reason why certain thought patterns become habits.‎ C　解析：段落大意题。根据第二段第一、二句和第三段中的“Yet the harmful effects don’t stop there.”可知，第二、三段主要讲的是抱怨对人的脑力的不良的影响。‎ ‎6．What can we know about cortisol from the passage?‎ A．Gratitude is an effective cure for cortisol.‎ B．Our body produces cortisol when we feel excited.‎ C．Cortisol is a chemical that can cause brain damage.‎ D．Having a high level of cortisol can lead to many health problems.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Constantly having a high level of cortisol results in...immunity(免疫力)．”可知，频繁地高水平的皮质醇会导致很多健康问题。‎ ‎7．What attitude does the writer take to stubborn complainers?‎ A．Grateful. B．Tolerant.‎ C．Disapproving. D．Skeptical.‎ C　解析：观点态度题。根据第五段的内容尤其是最后一句“For this reason, we should be cautious about...companions.”可知，抱怨者也会对身边的人有不好的影响，因此作者认为身边有顽固的抱怨者时要小心，由此可知，作者对抱怨者持不赞成的态度。‎ ‎8．Where can the passage most probably appear?‎ A．In a newspaper. B．In a medical report.‎ C．On a website. D．In a radio program.‎ C　解析：文章出处题。根据最后一段中的“Please share your thoughts in the comments section below.”可知，本文很可能出现在一个网站上。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2020·合肥高三调研)Last July, I booked a twoweek adventure volunteering at a Thai elephant sanctuary(禁猎区)．‎ In preparation for my trip, I __1__ weight training. I even visited an elephant ‎ 23‎ keeper in a zoo and he told me the elephants for tourism were the ones to __2__—they could be unpredictable and sometimes dangerous after years of __3__ they suffer at the hands of the tourism industry. Hardly surprising, I thought.‎ I flew to Bangkok and then headed to the __4__. The first day was exciting. I was __5__ to my designated elephant Boonsri by the mahout(驯象人), and my tasks were __6__. I tried to gain the elephant’s __7__， feeding her bananas and riding on her back. The mahout __8__ me, showing me how to use my feet to __9__ her and teaching me the words to make her stop or __10__. Everything went quite well. __11__， I noticed the sharp bullhooks were still used by mahouts.‎ Day two followed the same __12__. But as we walked to the river at dusk, Boonsri wouldn’t move. So the mahout hit her with the bullhook. And Boonsri began to shake her head __13__. On the third stroke(一击) she hit me on the shoulder, knocking me over. Before I could __14__ the danger, her enormous foot was crushing my __15__. It felt like a truck was driving over me and I couldn’t breathe at all.‎ I could only hear the __16__ of the mahout. He helped to pull her foot off me and __17__ my life. As Boonsri lifted her leg, I __18__ free and was dragged to safety. I burst into tears with __19__. What a lucky escape!‎ In the following days, I stayed in hospital, thinking about a question: Why can these mild animals be so __20__？ If we humans treat them more gently and kindly, maybe things will be different.‎ ‎【解题导语】　去年七月，“我”预约了为期两周的冒险——在泰国的一个大象保护区当志愿者。在保护区的第一天，“我”在驯象人的指引下，骑坐大象，与大象近距离接触。第二天黄昏时分要朝河走去时，大象不动，驯象人用象钩打它。大象开始发怒，将“我”掀翻在地并用脚踩“我”。幸得驯象人的帮助，“我”得以逃生。这种温顺的动物发怒，源于人类对它们的残酷对待。如何让它们和人类和谐相处，是我们需要思考的问题。‎ ‎1．A.carried on　　　　　　　 B．took up C．abandoned D．delayed B　解析：根据该句中的“weight training”可知，为了准备这次旅行，“我”开始进行举重训练。B项意为“开始从事”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“继续做”；C项意为“抛弃，放弃”；D项意为“延迟”。‎ ‎2．A.watch B．shoot C．protect D．buy A　解析：根据该句中的“the elephants for tourism were the ones to”，并结合破折号后的内容可知，此处表示要小心(watch) 旅游区的大象，‎ 23‎ 因为它们遭受了多年虐待(abuse)，变得性情无常，有时很危险。‎ ‎3．A.defeat B．loss C．failure D．abuse D　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎4．A.zoo B．hotel C．sanctuary D．hospital C　解析：根据第一段中的“volunteering at a Thai elephant sanctuary(禁猎区)”可知，作者飞往曼谷之后，便 前往大象保护区，故C项正确。‎ ‎5．A.used B．introduced C．attached D．dragged B　解析：根据该句中的“to my designated elephant”可知，“我”由驯象人介绍给指定的大象，B项意为“介绍，推荐”，故B项正确。‎ ‎6．A.designed B．reported C．explained D．accomplished C　解析：根据下文陈述的驯象人教“我”如何用脚控制大象并发出让大象停止、行走的指令并结合该句的“my tasks were”可推知，驯象人向“我”说明了“我”的任务，该处使用了被动语态，C项意为“解释，说明”，故C项正确。‎ ‎7．A.sympathy B．forgiveness C．respect D．trust D　解析：根据该句中的“feeding her bananas”可知，“我”给大象喂食香蕉。据此可推知，“我”试图赢得大象的信任。D项意为“信任”，故D项正确。‎ ‎8．A.accompanied B．greeted C．comforted D．blamed A　解析：根据下文“showing me how to use my feet...to make her stop”可知，此处表示驯象人陪伴着我。A项意为“陪伴”，故A项正确。‎ ‎9．A.touch B．control C．kick D．entertain B　解析：根据该句中的“showing me how to use my feet”可知，驯象人教“我”如何用脚控制大象。B项意为“控制”，故B项正确。‎ ‎10．A.move on B．sing along C．turn up D．give in A　解析：根据该句中的“to make her stop or”可知，空处与stop相对应，表示驯象人教“我”使大象停止或者前进的指令。‎ ‎11．A.Finally B．Naturally 23‎ C．Unfortunately D．Normally C　解析：根据该句中的“the sharp bullhooks were still used”，并结合下文介绍的由于使用象钩，大象开始富有攻击性可知，不幸的是，“我”发现驯象人仍然在使用象钩。C项意为“不幸地”，符合语境，故C项正确。‎ ‎12．A.challenge B．pattern C．interest D．idea B　解析：根据该句中的“followed the same”可知，第二天也是相同的模式，B项意为“模式”，故B项正确。‎ ‎13．A.happily B．slowly C．gently D．violently D　解析：根据上文可知，驯象人用象钩击打大象。结合该句中的“shake her head”和常识可知，大象开始猛烈地摇头，D项意为“猛烈地”，故D项正确。‎ ‎14．A.recall B．ignore C．realize D．forget C　解析：根据该句中的“the danger”以及下文中的“I couldn’t breathe at all”可知，“我”还没有意识到(realize) 危险，她巨大的脚便向“我”的胸部(chest) 碾压过来(呼吸和胸部联系紧密)。‎ ‎15．A.chest B．head C．leg D．hand A　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎16．A.whispers B．applause C．laughs D．yells D　解析：结合该句“I could only hear the ______ of the mahout.”可知，此时“我”处在危险中，只能听到驯象人的叫喊声。D项意为“叫喊”，故D项正确。‎ ‎17．A.changed B．ruined C．saved D．improved C　解析：根据该句“He helped to pull her foot off me and ______ my life.”可知，他帮助把大象的脚拖走，挽救了“我”的生命。C项意为“挽救”，故C项正确。‎ ‎18．A.slipped B．rolled C．dived D．climbed B　解析：根据该句中的“was dragged to safety”可知，当大象抬起腿时，“我”得以滚动，被拉到了安全的地方。B项意为“翻滚，滚动”，故B项正确。‎ ‎19．A.relief B．regret C．pride D．pity 23‎ A　解析：根据上文可知，“我”脱离了危险。结合该句内容可知，“我”如释重负，痛哭流涕，故A项正确。‎ ‎20．A.sensitive B．disgusting C．fragile D．aggressive D　解析：根据上文表述的大象攻击“我”并结合语境可知，接下来的几天，“我”躺在医院里，思考这样的问题：为什么这些温顺的动物如此好斗？D项意为“好斗的”，故D项正确。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎(2020·唐山一模)I like seeing English movies. In my spare time, I’d like to find and enjoying hot movies, among that The Lord of the Rings impresses me most. It has three series and I like both of them. Though the first volume was released on 2001, it is still not out of the date. In the movie, the scenery is so beautifully that I can’t move my eyes away. It is shot in New Zealand but I decide to go there some day. It shows me a world science fiction, where there are all kinds of creature. Movies give me pleasure and enlarge my vision.‎ 答案：‎ I like seeing English movies. In my spare time, I’d like to find and hot movies, among The Lord of the Rings impresses me most. It has three series and I like of them. Though the first volume was released 2001, it is still not out of date. In the movie, the scenery is so that I can’t move my eyes away. It shot in New Zealand I decide to go there some day. It shows me a world science fiction, where there are all kinds of . Movies give me pleasure and enlarge my vision.‎ ‎①enjoying改为enjoy。本句谓语动词后的find与enjoy应是并列关系，would like to do sth.为固定用法。故将enjoying改为enjoy。‎ ‎②that改为which。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，hot movies为先行词，指物，引导词前有介词among，应用which引导该从句。故将that改为which。‎ ‎③both改为all。根据上文中提到的three series可知，《指环王》有三部，both指“两者”；all指“三者或三者以上”，所以此处应用all来指代。故将both改为all。‎ ‎④on改为in。年份前通常用介词in。故将on改为in。‎ 23‎ ‎⑤删除the。out of date意为“过时”，是固定短语。故删除the。‎ ‎⑥beautifully改为beautiful。分析句子结构可知，此处作系动词is的表语，表示主语的状态或特征，应用形容词。故将beautifully改为beautiful。‎ ‎⑦is改为was。该系列电影上映，为过去事件，应用一般过去时。故将is改为was。‎ ‎⑧but改为and。根据句意可知，“该系列电影拍摄于新西兰”和“我决定将来有一天去那里”之间为并列关系，并非转折关系。故将but改为and。‎ ‎⑨在world后加of。a world of science fiction意为“科幻世界”，其中of表示所属关系。故在world后加of。‎ ‎⑩creature改为creatures。creature意为“生物”，为可数名词，且根据前面的all kinds of可以确定此处应用复数形式。故将creature改为creatures。‎ 23‎