高考英语训练专题——写作训练图表式作文写作指导带 4页

高考英语训练专题——写作训练：图表式作文写作指导（带课件）‎ ‎《今年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试山东卷考试说明-英语》：第四部分 书面表达 第二节：写作，满分30分。要求考生根据题目的提示（包括情景、图画、图表、提纲等）和要求，用英语写一篇120-150个单词的短文。‎ 写作步骤 ‎1.仔细审题，把握主旨 2.列出提纲，合理布局 3.注重联系，适当发挥 4.连词成句，连句成篇 ‎ 高考作文的核心任务：在15秒内取悦阅卷老师 优秀高考作文应具备的六个基本特征：‎ ‎1.层次不乱 2.句式多变 3.亮点若干 4.巧妙串联 5.蠢错不犯 6.整洁卷面 命题特点 纵观近年来全国各地的高考试题及模拟试题，图表类作文是写作部分的常见题型之一，体裁多为议论文和说明文。议论文通常要求考生通过分析图表中的数据，就图表中所反映的问题阐述自己的观点，并得出自己的结论（如北京卷及湖北卷）；说明类作文要求考生通过图表所列举的变化对比及产品介绍等，对图表进行描述（如浙江卷）。‎ 图表式作文的几种形式:一是以表格形式，将统计的数据或被说明的事物直接用表格形式体现出来，即统计表。二是以图形形式：A 表示数据变化的曲线图； B 表示数据的大小或数量之间的差异的条形图；C 表示总体内部结构变化的扇形图。‎ 一、写作例题 请根据下列图表及文字说明用英语写一篇短文，内容应包括中美高中生零花钱的主要来源、比例、差异及原因，并发表自己的观点和看法。‎ 要求：1.120词左右；2.可根据内容要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯。‎ ‎【思路点拨】‎ ‎1.写作任务分析 ‎ 审题：这是一篇解说事物的图表说明文。（格式体裁、内容要点、人称、时态）‎ ‎2.安排篇章结构 文章可分为3段，使层次分明。‎ Para 1：____________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ 清楚的介绍比例、差异(按顺序列出要点，但不要过多的罗列数字)‎ ‎ 注意百分比的表达：例35%的零花钱_________________________________________‎ Para 2：_____________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎1)美国高中生比中国高中生能获得更多的获得奖学金或打零工的机会。‎ ‎ _________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2)美国高中生没有中国高中生那么依赖父母。‎ ‎ _________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Para 3：____________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3.选用恰当的连接词及过渡句，以使文章更有连贯性和逻辑性。高级词汇表达和句法结构 表对比关系的连接词：________________________________________________________________________‎ 表递进关系的连接词：________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【范文展示】‎ Pocket Money Sources for High School Students The pocket money sources for the American and Chinese high students come almost the same way: money from their parents, income from part-time jobs and scholarships they can get, but the percentage of each is quite different. Half of the American students’ pocket money is from their parents, 35% from part-time jobs and 15% from scholarships, while the Chinese students get 90% of their pocket money from their parents and only 10% from part-time jobs and scholarships.‎ It seems that there are two reasons for this difference. One is that the American students have more opportunities to do part-time jobs or get scholarships than the Chinese students. The other is that the American students depends less on their parents than the Chinese students.‎ As far as I am concerned, we high school students should depend more on ourselves rather than parents. For instance, we can grasp the opportunity to do part-time jobs, which not only reduces the burden of our parents, but also broadens our view.‎ ‎【技巧指导】‎ 图表式作文写作分三步:‎ 第一、开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题 第二、分析数据间的主要差异及趋势,然后描写 第三、归纳总结或发表评论。有时第三步可省略 ‎ ‎【写作常用套语】‎ ‎（一）点明主题：开头常用套语:‎ ‎1.The graph (chart , picture ,table )above shows/describes/represents/ tells that …‎ ‎2.As is shown by the graph / in the chart, …‎ ‎3.As we can see from the table/graph/chart/picture, ……‎ ‎4.From the graph / chart above, we can see … ‎ ‎5.From the figures given in the table, it can be seen / noticed that…‎ ‎6.The chart/table shows the differences between…‎ ‎（二）描写变化及总趋势特征、分析差异：数据说明常用套语:‎ 在描写变化及总趋势特征时，可采用分类式或对比式以支持主题，并阐明必要的理由。‎ ‎1.There was a great /slight increase /rise in…‎ ‎2.The number /rate has nearly doubled, compared with that of last year.‎ ‎3.The number is …times as much as that of….‎ ‎4.It increases/rises/decreases/reduces by…‎ ‎（三）原因说明常用套语:‎ ‎1.The reason for…is that…‎ ‎3.The change results from the fact that…‎ ‎4.There are several causes for this significant growth in…. First,….Second,…‎ ‎5.This brings out the important fact that…‎ 常用词汇有：‎ ‎1.Firstly/ First of all/ To begin with, .... ‎ ‎2.Secondly, .... Besides/ In addition/ Furthermore/ Moreover,... ‎ ‎3.Finally/ Last but not least/, ....‎ ‎4.This is because …. The reason for …. is that…. That is why ….‎ ‎（四）结尾常用套语:‎ ‎1. in my opinion/ Personally/ as far as I’m concerned/ in short/ in brief/ in a word/ in conclusion/to conclude/ in summary … ‎ ‎2. It seems clear that … / It’s clear/evident from the chart that… / We can know/learn that… ‎ The results seem to suggest that… We can draw the conclusion that… ‎ From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that… ‎ Obviously, if we want to…,it is necessary…‎ There is no doubt that attention must be paid… ‎ 二、真题再现 例一:2006年湖北卷 受某英文报的委托，你最近对高中生的英语阅读兴趣做了一次调查。请根据以下信息，用英语为该报写一篇100词左右的短文。短文的标题及首句已为你写好。‎ 调查内容：在新闻、故事、科普、学习方法四种英文文章中，学生最喜欢哪一种 调查范围：湖北省的10所中学 调查对象：高中生 调查人数：1000‎ 调查方式：访谈 调查结果：（见下图）‎ Reading Interests of Senior Middle School Students Recently, a survey has been done to find out the reading interests of senior middle school students._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 安排篇章结构 文章可分为2段，以使层次分明。‎ Para 1：引出话题：说明调查内容、调查范围、调查对象、调查人数、调查方式；‎ Para 2: 说明调查结果：注意在新闻、故事、科普、学习方法四种英文文章中，学生最喜欢哪一种。 ‎ ‎【范文展示】‎ Reading Interests of Senior Middle School Students Recently, a survey has been done to find out the reading interests of senior middle school students. In this sruvey, one thousand senior middle school students from ten schools in Hubei Province were interviewed.They were asked which they liked reading most among the four categories of English articles, news, tories, popular science articles and articles about learning methods.‎ The survey shows that more than half of the students like to read news most. Twenty- sixpercent of the students say that English stories are their favorite. Only seven percent of the students are most interested in ‎ reading articles about learning methods. However,the number of students who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles that of those who prefer reading articles about learning methods.‎ 三、写作练笔 下图反映了从上世纪90年代至今，中国大量耕地流失的现象。请据此写一篇120-150词的英语短文，描述这一情况，分析主要原因，并发表自己的观点和看法。‎ 注意：文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数。（高中新课程专题复习与训练 P189）‎ As we can see from the diagram above, a large quantity of farming land has been lost since the 1990’s in our country. ____________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎