2020届外研版高考英语一轮复习必修4学案： 19页

‎(一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．weapon n．　　　　　　　　　 武器 ‎2．gesture n. 姿势；姿态 ‎3．forehead n. 前额 ‎4．bow vi. 鞠躬 ‎5．palm n. 手掌 ‎6．slap vt. 掌击 ‎7．ankle n. 脚踝 ‎8．eyebrow n. 眉毛 ‎9．lip n. 嘴唇 ‎10．wrist n. 手腕 ‎11．bend vt. 弯下腰 ‎12．toast n. 祝酒；干杯 ‎13．sip n. 一抿之量；小口喝 ‎14．classical adj. 古典的；古代的 ‎15．applause n. 掌声 ‎16．prolong vt. 延长 ‎17．handclap n. 拍手 ‎18．infectious adj. 有感染性的 ‎19．funeral n. 葬礼 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．aggressive adj. 攻击的；挑斗的；挑衅的 ‎2．deal n. 协议；交易 ‎3．involve vt. 包括；包含 ‎4．slightly adv. 轻微地；稍微 ‎5．spread vi. 张开；蔓延 ‎6．hug vt. 紧抱；拥抱 ‎7．stare vi.　[纵联1] 凝视；盯着看 ‎8．blank adj. [纵联2] 空白的；茫然的 ‎9．panic v. [纵联3] 恐慌；惊慌 ‎10．rude adj. 粗鲁的；无礼的 ‎11．invitation n. 邀请 ‎12．request n. [纵联4] 请求；要求 ‎13．live adj. [纵联5] 现场的 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．communicate vi.(用语言、信号)传递信息；交流→communication n．交流；沟通 ‎2．vary vi.变化；(大小、形状等)相异→various adj.各种各样的→variety n．变化；多样化；种类→variable adj.易变的；变化的 ‎3．traditionally adv.传统地→traditional adj.传统的→tradition n．传统 ‎4．threatening adj.恐吓的；具有威胁的→threaten vt.威胁→threat n．威胁 ‎5．conscious adj.意识到的；自觉的→unconscious adj.无意识的；不知不觉的 ‎6．favour n．恩惠；善意的行为；支持；赞同→favourable adj.赞同的；有利的→favourite adj.& n．特别喜爱的(东西)‎ ‎7．performance n．表演→performer n．表演者→perform v．表演 ‎8．equality n．平等→equal adj.平等的；相等的→equally adv.平等地；相等地 纵联1.不一样的“看”‎ ‎①stare vi.凝视；盯着看　　 ②glare v．怒目而视 ‎③glance v．一瞥；扫视 ④watch v．观看 ‎⑤notice v．注意到 ⑥observe v．观察 ‎⑦gaze v．凝视；注视 ⑧glimpse v．瞥见 纵联2.这些都是“空的”‎ ‎①blank空白的；茫然的 ②empty空的；空洞的 ‎③vacant空的；空缺的 ④hollow空的；空心的 纵联3.“惊恐”万状 ‎①panic n．& v．惊慌，恐慌 ②alarm n．& v．使惊恐，警告 ‎③frighten vt.使害怕，吓唬 ④horror n．惊恐，恐怖 ‎⑤terror n．恐怖，惊骇 ⑥shock n．& vt.震惊，使吃惊 纵联4.“请求；要求”有很多 ‎①request n．& v．请求；要求 ②ask v．请求；要求 ‎③beg v．请求；乞求 ④require v．要求；需求 ‎⑤demand n．& v．要求；请求 ⑥appeal v．恳求；呼吁 纵联5.由live所想到的 ‎①live adj. 现场的 ‎②lively adj. 活泼的；生机勃勃的 ‎③living adj. 活的；现存的 ‎④alive adj. 活的；有活力的 单元话题——肢体语言 子话题1　交流方式 ‎　①greet v．问候；打招呼 ②shake one's head摇头 ‎③eye contact目光接触 ④sign language手语 ‎⑤facetoface communication 面对面交流 ‎⑥facial expression面部表情 子话题2　行为、态度 ‎　①apologise vi.道歉 ②appreciate vt.欣赏；感激 ‎③respond vi.回答；做出反应 ④interrupt v．打断，打扰 ‎⑤misunderstand vt.误解；误会 ⑥insult v．& n．侮辱 ‎⑦frown v．皱眉 ⑧yawn vi.打哈欠 ‎⑨nod n．& v．点头 ⑩clap n．& v．鼓掌；拍手 ‎⑪shrug v．耸肩 ⑫in response to响应；回答 ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C) Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries, trade❶， industrialisation, the development of the nationstate and the spread❷of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better 　❸　 (communicate) in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.‎ ‎①写出trade在本单元中的同义词：deal，其近义词还有exchange ‎②写出spread在句中的含义：扩展。其过去式和过去分词形式均为：spread ‎③用communicate的正确形式填空：communications。常用表达communicate_with_sb.意为“与某人进行交流”‎ ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ阅读A)College Conservatory of Music (CCM): Performances are on the main campus (校园) of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater.CCM organizes a 　❶　 (vary) of events, including performances❷ by the wellknown LaSalle Quartet, CCM's Philharmonic Orchestra, and 　❸　 (vary) groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music.‎ ‎①用vary的正确形式填空：variety ‎②写出performances在句中的含义：演出；表演 ‎③用vary的正确形式填空：various 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这将是一个很好的机会，让你亲身了解一些中国传统文化。(traditional)‎ This_would_be_a_good_opportunity_for_you_to_know_some_traditional_Chinese_culture_personally.‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)如果您方便的话，我们希望您能接受我们的邀请。(invitation)‎ We_hope_that_you_will_accept_our_invitation_if_it_is_convenient_for_you.‎ ‎3．(2014·江西高考书面表达)这对我来说真的很有益处，可以预习功课，积极地参与课堂，课下复习所教过的内容。(involve)‎ It_really_benefited_me_a_lot_to_preview_lessons,_get_actively_involved_in_class,_and_review_what_had_been_taught_after_class.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．vary vi.变化；不同vt.变更；改变 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)vary with　　　　　　 随……而变化 vary from 不同于……‎ vary in 在……方面不同/有差异 vary from ...to ... 由……到……不等/不同 ‎(2)variety n. 变化；多样性；种类 a variety of＝varieties of 各种各样的 ‎(3)various adj. 各种各样的；不同的 for various reasons 由于种种原因 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①The school library provides variety of original works, hoping they will meet the needs of different students.‎ ‎②In my free time, I'll continue to take regular exercise, such as swimming, running and ‎ various (vary) ball games.‎ ‎③I like reading very much, especially the story books, varying from Chinese stories to English stories.‎ ‎④Changes in price normally vary with changes of supply and need.‎ ‎⑤Though Lucy and Lily are twins, they vary in character.‎ ‎⑥The variety of foods at the restaurant is (be) limited, but the amount of each dish is fairly large.‎ ‎[用准]　a variety of/varieties of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；the variety of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎⑦(2015·广东高考写作)在这种技术的帮助下，给检测者提供各种合适的锻炼方式的建议变得容易多了。‎ With the help of this technique, providing various/a_variety_of/varieties_of_suggestions on_appropriate_ways_of_exercise_for_examinees_becomes_much_easier.‎ ‎2．involve vt.包括；涉及；使参与；需要 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)involve sb.in (doing) sth. 使某人参与(做)某事； 使某人牵扯到某事中 involve doing sth. 包括做某事；需要做某事 ‎(2)involved adj. 复杂的；有牵连的；有关的 get/be involved in 被卷入……之中；热衷于；专心于 be/get involved with sb./sth. 与某人混在一起；和某事有密切联系 ‎(3)involvement n. 参与；加入；插手 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.‎ ‎②Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involved spending (spend) quite a lot of time with students.‎ ‎③In a recent book, he advocated much more government involvement (involve) in health care.‎ ‎④When she was young, she did as many things as she could, like getting involved (involve) in sports teams and school clubs.‎ ‎[用准]　involved adj.作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作后置定语时，意为“涉及的”。例如：an involved sentence“一个复杂的句子”；the people involved“所涉及的人”。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤(2016·江苏高考书面表达)网络投票变得越来越流行，许多竞赛让人们参与其中。‎ Online_voting_becomes_increasingly_popular,_and_many_competitions_get_people_involved_in_it.‎ ‎3．panic v．& n．恐慌；惊慌 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)panic sb.into doing sth.　 使某人因惊慌而做某事 ‎(2)get into a panic 陷入恐慌 in (a) panic 惊慌失措地；恐慌地 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The whole class panicked (panic) when the teacher said that there would be a quiz today.‎ ‎②Many people were panicked into leaving the country.‎ ‎③Not only do online rumors cause people in panic, but they disturb public order.‎ 补全句子 ‎④When she found her son out of sight, the lady got_into_a_panic.‎ 那位女士发现儿子不见时十分惊慌。‎ ‎[用准]　panic的过去式、过去分词和现在分词都要把c变成ck，再加ed或ing。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤新闻媒体不应该做的事情是利用(exploit)人们天生的恐惧制造恐慌。‎ What_the_media_should_not_do_is_to_exploit_people's_natural_fears_to_create_panic.‎ ‎4．request n．& vt.请求；要求 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)make requests/a request for　 请求；要求……‎ at sb.'s request＝at the request of sb. 应某人的要求 on/upon request 一经要求 ‎(2)request sb.to do sth. 请求/要求某人做某事 request that sb.(should) do sth. 请求某人做某事 It is requested that ...(should) do sth. 要求……‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①They have made an urgent request for international aid.‎ ‎②All the students are requested to_attend (attend) the annual school celebration.‎ ‎③What's your opinion of Mr Li's request that we (should)_spend (spend) half an hour ‎ reading English aloud every morning?‎ ‎④It is_requested (request) that all the visitors should not take pictures of the exhibitions.‎ 补全句子 ‎⑤I sincerely hope that you_will_give_our_request_your_special_consideration.‎ 我真诚地希望你对我们的请求给予特别考虑。‎ ‎[用准]　动词request后的宾语从句以及名词request后的同位语从句都要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑥如果你考虑我的要求，我愿意向你提供任何进一步的信息。‎ I'll_be_willing_to_send_you_any_further_information_if_you_consider_my_request.‎ ‎5．favour (favor) n．赞同，支持；恩惠，帮助；善意的行为；喜爱；偏爱，偏袒vt.支持；喜爱；偏袒 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中favour的含义 ‎①We have to apply the same rules to everyone, showing no favour.偏袒 ‎②Chinese export commodities have enjoyed growing favour among buyers abroad.喜爱 ‎③I want to ask a favour of you; will you lend me your car? 帮助 ‎④I talked to Susie about travelling abroad, and she was all in favour of going abroad.赞同 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)in favour of　　　　　 支持，赞同；有利于 in sb.'s favour 有利于某人 ‎(2)do sb.a favour＝do a favour for sb.‎ ‎ 给某人以恩惠；帮某人一个忙 ask sb.a favour＝ask a favour of sb.‎ ‎ 请某人帮忙 ‎(3)favourable adj. 赞同的；有利的；良好的 favourite adj.& n. 特别喜爱(欢)的(东西)‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎⑤Everyone present at the meeting was in favour of what he put forward.‎ ‎⑥It used to be my favourite (favour) restaurant but the standard of cooking has fallen off recently.‎ ‎⑦He made a favourable (favour) impression on his future colleagues.‎ 补全句子 ‎⑧The situation both at home and abroad is in_our_favour.‎ 国内外的形势对我们有利。‎ ‎⑨Since you are in need of help, why don't ask_a_favour_of_your_friends?‎ 既然你需要帮助，为什么不请你的朋友们帮忙？‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑩(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我想告诉你一些关于我暑假计划的事情，并且希望你能帮我一个忙。‎ I_want_to_tell_you_something_about_my_plan_for_the_summer_vacation_and_I'd_like_you_to_do_me_a_favor.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．There was a blank (茫然的) look on his face because he did not know the answer.‎ ‎2．They're slightly (稍微) more expensive than the normal products, but it's worth it to make a green campus.‎ ‎3．He spoke in such a rude (粗鲁的) manner that she refused to reply.‎ ‎4．There is going to be a live (现场的) football match on television this evening.‎ ‎5．Teachers apparently expect a certain amount of aggressive (攻击的) behaviour from boys.‎ ‎6．The bird spread (张开) its wings and flew away.‎ ‎7．They greeted each other with a hug (拥抱) and said “Merry Christmas！”‎ ‎8．The factory has made a new deal (交易) with a buyer in Canada.‎ ‎9．The new law provided for equality (平等) of human rights.‎ ‎10．The local people were panicked (恐慌) by the news of an oncoming earthquake.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Only by practicing a lot can we learn our English well enough to communicate with foreigners.‎ ‎2．Your performance (perform) as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.‎ ‎3．We have various (vary) summer camps for your holidays.You can choose one based on your own interests.‎ ‎4．He advanced towards me in a threatening (threaten) manner and I felt a little frightened.‎ ‎5．Everyone in the building panicked (panic) when the fire alarm went off.‎ ‎6．I am told that the test will involve answering (answer) questions about a photograph.‎ ‎7．Hearing a scream, I rushed downstairs only to see my hostess lying unconscious (conscious) on the floor.‎ ‎8．Don't you believe in equality (equal) between men and women?‎ ‎9．As a result of their joint effort, the difficult situation changed into a favourable (favour) one.‎ ‎10．Roger turned down the invitation (invite) to speak at the science conference.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．In recent years, this kind of disease has been spread to most African countries.去掉been ‎2．This is our only request that this problem must be settled as soon as possible.must→should或去掉must ‎3．Traditional in China, children must respect and obey their parents and teachers.Traditional→Traditionally ‎4．The coach stared the team members and asked them to quit talking.stared后加at ‎5．I hope we can get more involving in our community and our life will be colorful and full of fun.involving→involved Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子/句型转换 ‎1．他很聪明，知道如果他和那些人混在一起，他就会有麻烦。(involve)‎ He's smart enough to know that if he gets_involved_with that crowd, he's getting into trouble.‎ ‎2．如我们所见，蔬菜的价格随季节而变化。(vary)‎ As we can see, the prices of vegetables vary_with_the_season.‎ ‎3．大楼着火时，办公室人员惊慌逃出。(panic)‎ Office workers fled in_panic as the building caught fire.‎ ‎4．就我个人而言，我赞成你去国外深造。(favour)‎ Personally speaking, I'm in_favour_of your going abroad for further study.‎ ‎5．All the articles are requested to be related to students' life.‎ ‎→It_is_requested_that all the articles (should)_be_related_to students' life.‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎1．shake_hands_with　　　　 与……握手 ‎2．on_guard (保持)警惕 ‎3．make_a_deal 达成协议；做成交易 ‎4．hold_up 举起；阻碍；承受住 ‎5．give_away 暴露(自己的情况)；捐赠 ‎6．lift_up 举起；抬起 ‎7．up_and_down [串记1] 一上一下地；起起落落；来来回回 ‎8．by_accident [串记2] 偶然地；无意中；不小心 ‎9．say_hello_to [串记3] 向……问好 ‎10．switch_on 打开(灯、无线电等)‎ ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“up and down”形近短语一览 ‎①back and forth来来回回　 ②day and night日夜；昼夜 ‎③here and there到处 ④now and then时而；不时 ‎⑤right and left到处；左右两边 串记2.“偶然地”和“故意地”要分晓 ‎①by accident偶然地 ②by chance偶然地 ‎③by design故意地 ④on purpose故意地 串记3.由“say hello to”所想到的 ‎①say yes to同意 ②say no to不同意 ‎③say sorry to向……道歉 ④say goodbye to向……道别 ‎1．When in Rome, Do as the Romans Do　入乡随俗 ‎2．raise one's hand 举起手 ‎3．show sb.the way 给某人指路 ‎4．at a wedding/funeral 在婚礼/葬礼上 ‎5．body language 肢体语言 ‎6．spoken or written language 口语或书面语 ‎7．be to blame 应受责备 ‎8．have a lot in common 有许多共同之处 ‎9．go blank 变得一片空白 ‎10．for the first time 首次 ‎1．Although these are very important, we communicate with more_than just spoken and written words.‎ 尽管这些很重要，但我们并不只是通过口头和书面语言交流。‎ ‎2．Indeed, body positions are part of what_we_call “body language”．‎ 实际上，身体姿势是我们所称的“肢体语言”的一部分。‎ ‎3．One person then holds up his hand, palm_outwards_and_five_fingers_spread.‎ 然后一个人举起手，手掌向外，五指展开。‎ ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　完形中的短语(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2010·山东高考完形填空) I was concentrating so much on keeping the huge smile on my face and holding_my_head_up (抬起我的头) that I did not look where I was going.‎ ‎2．(2011·江苏高考完形填空) He began to jump up_and_down (一上一下地), as high as he could, at the top of each jump stretching his arms to get the apple.‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式(补全句子/词汇升级)‎ ‎1．(2018·天津高考书面表达)我偶然得知，你刚刚在你所在的学院举办的机器人技能竞赛中获得了一等奖，并且在设计机器人方面表现出了极大的天赋。‎ I learn by_accident that you have just won first prize in the Robotics Competition held in your institute and have shown great talent in designing robots.‎ ‎2．(2015·天津高考书面表达) Our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class to enhance the friendship between our two schools.(用本单元短语替换加黑词)give_away ‎3．(2015·天津高考书面表达)如果我们能为你们做些其他的事情，我们会非常乐意伸出援助之手。(more than)‎ If there is something else that we can do for you, we are more_than_glad_to_give_a helping_hand.‎ ‎4．(2017·天津高考书面表达)除了我的学科学习，我总是设法找时间去做我感兴趣的事情。(what从句作介词的宾语)‎ Apart from my academic studies, I always manage to find time for what_I'm_interested_in.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．hold up支撑；承受住；延迟；阻碍；举起；拿起；抢劫 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中hold up的含义 ‎①There are two large wooden supports that hold up the roof.支撑 ‎②They held up their coach to celebrate their winning.举起 ‎③Mary was held up by two robbers last night.抢劫 ‎④We were held up by a traffic accident on our way home.阻碍 ‎⑤They thought no one could hold up under such hardship.But we carried it through.承受住 ‎[记牢]‎ hold on　　　 挺住；坚持住；(打电话)别挂断 hold on to 抓紧；不放开；保留；坚持 hold back 阻挡；拦阻；隐瞒；控制 hold out (在困境中)坚持；伸出；提供；维持；主张 ‎[练通]　选用上述短语填空 ‎⑥Mary wasn't satisfied with the blue dress, so the shopkeeper held_out another dress for her to try on.‎ ‎⑦Joe held_back his anger, remembering the mistakes he had made before.‎ ‎⑧When he left the telephone to find a pencil, he asked me to hold_on.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑨我相信只要我坚持下去，我的梦想就会实现。‎ I'm_sure_my_dream_will_come_true_as_long_as_I_hold_on_to_it.‎ ‎2．give away暴露(自己的情况)；泄露(秘密)；赠送；捐赠；颁发 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中give away的含义 ‎①Although they were pretending hard to be young, grey hair and wrinkles gave away their true ages.暴露 ‎②He gave away most of his money to the homeless in the earthquakestricken area.捐赠 ‎③They suspected that the secret had been given away by one of their friends.泄露 ‎④We have invited a famous former student to give away the school prizes.颁发 ‎[记牢]‎ give back　　　　 归还；使恢复 give in (to) 屈服；让步；交上 give off 发出(气味、光、热)；散发 give out 分发；用完；耗尽；发出 give up 放弃；认输 give way to 给……让路/让步；被……代替 ‎[练通]　选用上述短语填空 ‎⑤The burning plastic gave_off poisonous gas, which is harmful to our health.‎ ‎⑥At the beginning, learning English seemed so difficult that I wanted to give_up without even trying.‎ ‎⑦The children were required to give_in their examination papers immediately.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑧(2016·北京高考书面表达)那个周末，我们去了附近的一个社区并把它们捐赠给那里的人们。‎ That_weekend,_we_went_to_a_nearby_neighborhood_and_gave_them_away_to_the_people_there.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ ‎1．more than“不仅仅是；不只是”‎ ‎[教材原句]　Although these are very important, we communicate with more_than just spoken and written words.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)First and foremost, it has a large vocabulary, with more_than_1,000_new_words added, which is indeed a help to us.‎ 首先，它有大量的词汇，添加了超过1 000个新单词，这对我们确实有帮助。‎ ‎(2)Learning that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide, I am more_than_happy to apply for it.‎ 得知你们在组织全球共享书籍活动，我非常乐意申请参加。‎ ‎(3)It was also much more_than_we_could_afford,_but far less than the original asking price.‎ 它也大大超出了我们的承担能力，但是比原价格要便宜得多。‎ ‎(4)He was more_sad_than_angry when his son lied again.‎ 当他的儿子再次说谎时，他的悲伤甚于愤怒。‎ ‎(5)For many wealthy folks, housepurchase is no_more_than_an_investment,_I'm afraid.‎ 对于许多富人来讲，恐怕买房只不过是一种投资而已。‎ ‎(6)There are not_more_than_five_books in the case.‎ 箱子里最多有五本书。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 ‎(1)more than＋数词，表示“超过；多于”，相当于over。‎ ‎(2)more than＋形容词，表示“很；非常”。 ‎ ‎(3)more than与情态动词can/could连用时，表示“超过了……所能”。 ‎ ‎(4)more ...than ...表示“比……更；与其说……不如说……”。‎ ‎(5)no more than＋名词或基数词，表示“不过；仅仅；只有”(侧重数量少)。‎ ‎(6)not more than＋基数词，表示“最多；不超过”。‎ 注意事项 ‎(1)当more than用来连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数通常与第一个主语的数保持一致。如：‎ The teacher more than the students is interested in the film. ‎ ‎(2)more ...than ...结构强调more后面的内容，表示同一个人或事物的两种特征对比。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I am more than glad to learn that you're coming to visit one of your Chinese friends.(开头句)‎ ‎(2)(2016·江苏高考书面表达) In my opinion, online voting is an inseparable part of modern life and should be welcomed, since it is no more than a way to participate in public life.(要点句)‎ ‎2．独立主格结构 ‎[教材原句]　One person then holds up his hand, palm_outwards_and_five fingers spread.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)The girl in the photo was smiling sweetly, her_long_hair_flowing in the breeze.‎ 照片上的女孩笑得很甜，她的长发在微风中飘动。‎ ‎(2)All_things_considered,_her suggestion is of greater value than yours.‎ 考虑到所有的事情，她的建议比你的更有价值。‎ ‎(3)Many trees, flowers, and grass_to_be_planted,_our newlybuilt school will look even more beautiful.‎ 许多树、花和草都将被种植，我们新建成的学校将会更加美丽。‎ ‎(4)The_meeting_over,_our headmaster soon left the meeting room.‎ 散会了，我们的校长很快就离开了会议室。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 ‎(1)名词(词组)/代词＋现在分词(表示主动关系) ‎ ‎(2)名词(词组)/代词＋过去分词(表示被动关系) ‎ ‎(3)名词(词组)/代词＋不定式(表示将来的动作) ‎ ‎(4)名词(词组)/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语 注意事项 ‎(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。‎ ‎(2)它在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等，与with复合结构的作用相同。‎ ‎(3)独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)We have three large multimedia classrooms in our school, each equipped with the ‎ newest computers.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)With the 60th anniversary of our school approaching, there is going to be an exhibition to be held in its honor.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 by accident， on guard， switch on， hold up， give away， shake hands with， up and down， say hello to ‎1．Don't mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may give_away the shocking ending.‎ ‎2．He must have been held_up on his way here in the traffic jam.‎ ‎3．On being introduced to somebody, a British person often shakes_hands_with the stranger.‎ ‎4．In his spare time, he either listens to soft music to relax himself or switches_on the TV to watch news.‎ ‎5．My father walked up_and_down in the room as if he was thinking about something very important.‎ ‎6．The police warned people to be on_guard against pickpockets during the Christmas rush.‎ ‎7．It's good manners to say_hello_to the old in the street.‎ ‎8．Nobody's success happens by_accident.Maybe he has a better “nose” to good chances compared to others.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子/句型转换 ‎1．这家公司和美国的一个买家做了一笔新交易。(make a deal)‎ The company has_made_a_new_deal_with a buyer in America.‎ ‎2．我不能回答如此简单的问题，因为那个时候我的大脑一片空白。(go blank)‎ I couldn't answer such a simple question because my_mind_went_blank_at_that_time.‎ ‎3．我为父亲不在时我所做的事感到自豪。(what)‎ I took pride in what_I_had_done in my father's absence.‎ ‎4．When the test was finished, we began our holiday.‎ ‎→The_test_finished,_we began our holiday.(独立主格结构)‎ ‎5．The mountainous country is so beautiful that I can't describe.‎ ‎→The beauty of the mountainous country is more_than_I_can_describe.(more than)‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是光明中学学生会主席李华，上周，你校邀请Smith教授来校做了一场各国身势语的专题讲座。请你代表学校全体师生， 用英语给他写一封感谢信。内容包括：‎ ‎1．表达感谢；‎ ‎2．通过讲座， 师生了解了常用的身势语及其含义。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本篇书面表达是提纲式作文，要求写一封感谢信，话题具有一定的开放性，时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。文章应分三个层次：开头点明写信目的，真诚地表达感谢Smith教授来校做了一场各国身势语的专题讲座(要点1)。主体部分应对通过讲座师生了解了常用的身势语及其含义进行构思(要点2)，此要点写作时要适当拓展。先点明身势语的重要性，再举例说明常用身势语及含义，如微笑，移开目光，最后指出身势语文化氛围不同，含义也不同。结尾应再次表达感谢(要点3)，紧扣写信的目的，与首段相呼应。‎ 要点1：我是李华，我写信表达对您真诚的感谢。(convey)‎ My_name_is_Li_Hua,_I'm_writing_to_convey_my_sincere_appreciation_to_you.‎ 要点2－①：通过您的讲座，我们了解到身势语是表达情感的最有效的方法之一。‎ Through_your_lecture,_we've_learned_that_body_language_is_one_of_the_most_effective_methods_of_expressing_our_feelings.‎ 要点2－②：微笑是开心最通用的表达。(universal expression)‎ Smiling_is_the_most_universal_expression_of_happiness.‎ 要点2－③：目光从别人身上移开意味着对某人或者他或她说的话不感兴趣。 (look away from; mean)‎ Looking_away_from_a_person_means_showing_no_interest_in_the_person_or_what_he_or_she_says.‎ 要点2－④：并不是所有的文化用同样的方式欢迎人。(部分否定)‎ Not_all_cultures_greet_people_in_the_same_way.‎ 要点3：再次感谢您精彩的演讲。‎ Thank_you_again_for_your_wonderful_lecture.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使文章在内容上和形式上更丰满，我们在增加细节的同时，要学会使用较高级的语法结构和高频词汇给文章增加亮点。如：要点1 可以拓展“代表学校感谢您上周做的身势语的专题讲座”，可用v.ing作状语；“有关身势语的专题讲座”可用现在分词作后置定语；要点2－①可以增加时间状语从句“当涉及到交际时”； 要点3可以增加个人观点，再次强调专题讲座上所学知识非常有益。‎ 拓展要点1：我是李华。代表我们学校， 我写信表达对您上周给我们做的有关身势语的专题讲座的真诚的感谢。(v.ing作状语；现在分词短语作后置定语)‎ My_name_is_Li_Hua.Representing_our_school,_I'm_writing_to_convey_my_sincere_‎ appreciation_to_you_for_the_lecture_concerning_body_language_you_gave_us_last_week. ‎ 拓展要点2－①：通过您的讲座，我们了解到当涉及交际时，身势语是表达情感的最有效的方法之一。(when it comes to ...)‎ Through_your_lecture,_we_have_learned_that_body_language_is_one_of_the_most_effective_methods_of_expressing_our_feelings_when_it_comes_to_communication.‎ 拓展要点3：我的确相信当我们与来自其他国家的人交流时这些知识非常有益。再次感谢您精彩的演讲。(do; beneficial)‎ I_do_believe_the_knowledge_will_be_very_beneficial_when_we_communicate_with_people_from_other_countries.Thank_you_again_for_your_wonderful_lecture.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 结合写作要点，文章可采用“总—分—总”的结构来写，第一段表示感谢，第二段表明师生通过讲座了解了什么，最后一段再次表示感谢。根据语篇表达中的逻辑关系，在主体部分可添加连接词for example， however等将所有要点合理布局，进行有序排列。‎ Dear_Professor_Smith，‎ My_name_is_Li_Hua.Representing_our_school,_I'm_writing_to_convey_my_sincere_appreciation_to_you_for_the_lecture_concerning_body_language_you_gave_us_last_week.‎ Through_your_lecture,_we've_learned_that_body_language_is_one_of_the_most_effective_methods_of_expressing_our_feelings_when_it_comes_to_communication.For_example,_smiling_is_the_most_universal_expression_of_happiness.Looking_away_from_a_person_means_showing_no_interest_in_the_person_or_what_he_or_she_says.However,_not_all_cultures_greet_people_in_the_same_way.‎ I_do_believe_the_knowledge_will_be_very_beneficial_when_we_communicate_with_people_from_other_countries.Thank_you_again_for_your_wonderful_lecture.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua 理清段落结构之(三)　转折 段落转折结构的特点是：1.有同一中心，但具体内容前后不一致，常用“可是”、“但是”、“然而”等词语表示内容与内容之间的转折关系；2.当文段呈现为转折结构时，一般强调的是转折之后的内容，也就是该文段的重点内容；3.表示转折常用词语：but, however, on the contrary, yet (句首), still (句首), as a matter of fact, in fact等。读文时重点关注转折所在段落，它往往是段落甚至全文的重点，是得出结论的基础。‎ ‎[高考典例1]　2016·浙江卷·C篇 文章主题句 ‎　 支撑 ‎　 得出结论　‎ ‎　[1]Digital technology — email and smartphones especially — has vastly improved workers’ ability to be productive outside of a traditional office. Even so, most whitecollar work still happens in an office. One reason is that, according to findings of a new survey (调查) of office workers conducted by Wakefield Research for the IT company Citrix, most bosses are doubtful about remote working. Half of the workers say their boss doesn’t accept it, and only 35 percent say it’s tolerated.‎ ‎[2]Skeptical bosses will likely have their doubts reinforced ( 加深) by the same survey, which shows that 43 percent of workers say they’ve watched TV or a movie while “working” remotely, while 35 percent have done housework, and 28 percent have cooked dinner.‎ ‎[3]It is true, however, that working at home makes people much more efficient (高效的), because it allows workers to take care of annoying housework while still getting their jobs done. It’s much faster, for example, to shop for groceries at a quarter to three than to stand in line during the afterwork rush.‎ ‎[4]The fact that such practices remain officially unaccepted reflects how far we haven’t come as a society from the days when we expected every fulltime worker to be supported by a fulltime homemaker.‎ ‎[5]More broadly the Wakefield survey suggests that employers may be missing a lowcost way to give workers something of value.Sixtyfour percent of those survey participants who haven’t worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day a week working from home.Under such circumstances, smart firms need to find ways to let their employees have enough flexibility to manage their time efficiently.‎ ‎[高考典例2]　2011·陕西卷·D篇 ‎[1]Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, genetically modified ‎ (GM, 转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world, mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis. But can GM technology solve world hunger problems? Even if it would, is it the best solution?‎ ‎[2]Despite what it promises, GM technology actually has not increased the production potential (潜力) of any crop. In fact, studies show that the most widely grown GM crop, GM soybeans, has suffered reduced productivity. For instance, a report that analysed nearly two decades of research on major GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production.‎ ‎[3]Something else, however, has been on the rise. While GM seeds are expensive, GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides (杀虫剂). On the contrary, US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops. “ The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production. But neither is true，” said Bill Christison, President of the US National Family Farm Coalition.‎ ‎[4]At the same time, the authors of the book World Hunger: Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production, but by problems in food distribution and politics. These indeed deserve our efforts and money. Meanwhile, the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food, according to a 2008 World Bank report.‎ ‎[5]As a matter of fact, scientists see better ways to feed the world. Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger, because better ways out are available, among which “green” farming is supposed to be the first choice.‎ ‎[1]提出问题：转基因技术是否解决世界饥饿问题 ‎[2]转基因作物没有增加粮食产量 ‎[3]以however引起转折：转基因作物增加了种植成本 ‎[5]结论：转基因作物不是最佳选择